TWIST1 protein (twist-related protein 1) is a transcriptional regulator encoded by the TWIST1 gene in humans. It is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor and is known to play a prominent role in cancer metastasis.
The document summarizes an experiment validating an anti-Survivin antibody for use in mass cytometry analysis. MCF7, SKBR3, MDA-MB-231, and T47D breast cancer cell lines were cultured and fixed with paraformaldehyde. The fixed cells were stained with the primary STJ97436 Anti-Survivin Antibody at 4 μg/ml, followed by a 165Ho-labeled secondary antibody, and analyzed by mass cytometry. The results showed the antibody labeled Survivin expression in the cell lines.
The document discusses humanized monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs), including their development and mechanisms of action. It provides examples of several hmAbs used to treat different cancers and autoimmune diseases. Specifically, it describes how hmAbs are developed by cloning mouse antibody genes and fusing them to human frameworks to reduce immunogenicity. It then highlights several FDA-approved hmAbs like bevacizumab, trastuzumab, ocrelizumab, and tocilizumab and discusses their mechanisms and clinical trial results in treating conditions like breast cancer, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, it outlines areas for future work, such as developing multifunctional antibodies and improving targeting of specific epitopes.
Stratified Medicine in Cancer: The Role of HistopathologistDr. Shubhi Saxena
This document discusses stratified medicine approaches for cancer treatment. It describes how cellular pathologists classify gene mutations in cancer, including whether they are germline or somatic, synonymous or non-synonymous, activating or inactivating. Certain mutations can predict treatment response or resistance. Key driver mutations are discussed for lung cancer, including EGFR mutations and ALK translocations. EGFR mutant cancers may respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, while ALK rearrangements are targeted by crizotinib. Histopathology plays an important role in mutation detection and molecular testing to guide targeted therapies.
The document discusses hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activation by hypoxia. It describes how hypoxia leads to the activation of HIF, which upregulates genes like VEGF and EPO. It discusses the role of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein and prolyl hydroxylases in the HIF pathway. The document also summarizes VEGF structure and signaling, how it promotes angiogenesis, and the role of differential splicing in producing pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic isoforms. Finally, it discusses how anti-angiogenic therapies target tumor vasculature and their limitations.
The document discusses a clinical trial comparing the monoclonal antibodies obinutuzumab and rituximab for treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Obinutuzumab is a glycoengineered, humanized antibody that clusters the CD20 antigen more effectively than rituximab. In a phase III trial, obinutuzumab plus chemotherapy did not significantly improve progression-free survival over rituximab plus chemotherapy. However, obinutuzumab's glycoengineering may enhance its antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and direct cell death mechanisms relative to rituximab.
Learn about novel cell-based assays that enable improved immunotherapy drug development. See case studies utilizing checkpoint receptors such as PD-1, VISTA, and NIK.
Chimeric Antigen Receptors (paper with corresponding power point)Kevin B Hugins
Gene therapy was first conceptualized to alter debilitating fates of genetic diseases. Gene therapy technology can help introduce new functional DNA to replace mutated genes. The idea first arose in 1972 when Friedmann and Roblin authored a paper, “Gene therapy for human genetic disease?”, demonstrating that exogenous DNA can be taken up by mammalian cells (1). They proposed that the same procedure could be done on humans to correct genetic defects by introducing therapeutic DNA. Currently, genetic modification of T lymphocytes has been the major area of research for treating malignant tumors. This technique seeks to create chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in T cells by genetically modifying them in vitro and reintroduce them back into blood circulation. The T cells are unique to every patient and the chimeric antigen receptors are unique to the tumor that it is targeting.
Humanisation of antibodies & immunotherapeutics in clinical practice Aaqib Naseer
This document discusses humanization of monoclonal antibodies and immunotherapeutics used in clinical practice. It describes the techniques used to humanize antibodies, including CDR grafting, phage display, and transgenic animals. It then discusses various immunotherapeutics used clinically such as monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, cancer vaccines, and cell-based therapies. Monoclonal antibodies target specific antigens on cancer cells and can be naked or conjugated. Checkpoint inhibitors like anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies work by releasing brakes on the immune system. Cytokines such as interferons and interleukins modulate immune responses. Cancer vaccines aim to stimulate immunity against tumor antigens.
The document summarizes an experiment validating an anti-Survivin antibody for use in mass cytometry analysis. MCF7, SKBR3, MDA-MB-231, and T47D breast cancer cell lines were cultured and fixed with paraformaldehyde. The fixed cells were stained with the primary STJ97436 Anti-Survivin Antibody at 4 μg/ml, followed by a 165Ho-labeled secondary antibody, and analyzed by mass cytometry. The results showed the antibody labeled Survivin expression in the cell lines.
The document discusses humanized monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs), including their development and mechanisms of action. It provides examples of several hmAbs used to treat different cancers and autoimmune diseases. Specifically, it describes how hmAbs are developed by cloning mouse antibody genes and fusing them to human frameworks to reduce immunogenicity. It then highlights several FDA-approved hmAbs like bevacizumab, trastuzumab, ocrelizumab, and tocilizumab and discusses their mechanisms and clinical trial results in treating conditions like breast cancer, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, it outlines areas for future work, such as developing multifunctional antibodies and improving targeting of specific epitopes.
Stratified Medicine in Cancer: The Role of HistopathologistDr. Shubhi Saxena
This document discusses stratified medicine approaches for cancer treatment. It describes how cellular pathologists classify gene mutations in cancer, including whether they are germline or somatic, synonymous or non-synonymous, activating or inactivating. Certain mutations can predict treatment response or resistance. Key driver mutations are discussed for lung cancer, including EGFR mutations and ALK translocations. EGFR mutant cancers may respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, while ALK rearrangements are targeted by crizotinib. Histopathology plays an important role in mutation detection and molecular testing to guide targeted therapies.
The document discusses hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activation by hypoxia. It describes how hypoxia leads to the activation of HIF, which upregulates genes like VEGF and EPO. It discusses the role of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein and prolyl hydroxylases in the HIF pathway. The document also summarizes VEGF structure and signaling, how it promotes angiogenesis, and the role of differential splicing in producing pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic isoforms. Finally, it discusses how anti-angiogenic therapies target tumor vasculature and their limitations.
The document discusses a clinical trial comparing the monoclonal antibodies obinutuzumab and rituximab for treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Obinutuzumab is a glycoengineered, humanized antibody that clusters the CD20 antigen more effectively than rituximab. In a phase III trial, obinutuzumab plus chemotherapy did not significantly improve progression-free survival over rituximab plus chemotherapy. However, obinutuzumab's glycoengineering may enhance its antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and direct cell death mechanisms relative to rituximab.
Learn about novel cell-based assays that enable improved immunotherapy drug development. See case studies utilizing checkpoint receptors such as PD-1, VISTA, and NIK.
Chimeric Antigen Receptors (paper with corresponding power point)Kevin B Hugins
Gene therapy was first conceptualized to alter debilitating fates of genetic diseases. Gene therapy technology can help introduce new functional DNA to replace mutated genes. The idea first arose in 1972 when Friedmann and Roblin authored a paper, “Gene therapy for human genetic disease?”, demonstrating that exogenous DNA can be taken up by mammalian cells (1). They proposed that the same procedure could be done on humans to correct genetic defects by introducing therapeutic DNA. Currently, genetic modification of T lymphocytes has been the major area of research for treating malignant tumors. This technique seeks to create chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in T cells by genetically modifying them in vitro and reintroduce them back into blood circulation. The T cells are unique to every patient and the chimeric antigen receptors are unique to the tumor that it is targeting.
Humanisation of antibodies & immunotherapeutics in clinical practice Aaqib Naseer
This document discusses humanization of monoclonal antibodies and immunotherapeutics used in clinical practice. It describes the techniques used to humanize antibodies, including CDR grafting, phage display, and transgenic animals. It then discusses various immunotherapeutics used clinically such as monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, cancer vaccines, and cell-based therapies. Monoclonal antibodies target specific antigens on cancer cells and can be naked or conjugated. Checkpoint inhibitors like anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies work by releasing brakes on the immune system. Cytokines such as interferons and interleukins modulate immune responses. Cancer vaccines aim to stimulate immunity against tumor antigens.
Protein biomarker capabilities for NanosphereWinton Gibbons
The document discusses protein biomarker detection capabilities using nanoparticle probes. It describes a range of protein biomarker concentrations that can be detected, from millimolar to zeptomolar, and examples of disease areas like cancer, Alzheimer's, and cardiovascular disease. It also outlines opportunities for protein biomarker tests in areas like autoimmune disease, pharmacogenomics, respiratory infections, and cardiac biomarkers. The technology uses gold nanoparticle probes attached to capture antibodies to detect proteins through light scattering techniques.
This document describes research on mutating a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific T cell receptor (TCR) to enhance its affinity for its target antigen. The researchers hypothesized that single amino acid changes in the TCR's complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) could increase affinity while minimizing cross-reactivity. They found that such mutations could dramatically increase antigen sensitivity, but also alter fine specificity and confer new self-reactivity, even from minor changes like adding a hydroxyl group. While affinity enhancement is possible, changes to TCR structure can influence recognition in complex and unpredictable ways, emphasizing the need for caution in validating engineered receptors before clinical use.
Western Blot Antibody Customer Review for Anti-PDHA1 Polyclonal Antibody (STJ...St John's Laboratory Ltd
The antibody STJ95006 detected the target band (~43kD) in HEK293 cell lysate but not in U87, HeLa, or Jurkat cell lysates in a Western blot experiment. The experiment used 18ug of total protein from each cell line, a 1:1000 dilution of the primary antibody, a 1:5000 dilution of the secondary antibody, and an exposure time of 5 minutes.
Dr. Patrick Hwu presents the latest information on immunotherapies for melanoma at the MRF's Patient Symposium at MD Anderson Cancer Center on January 31, 2015.
Agarikon.1 and Agarikon Plus Affect Cell Cycle and Induce Apoptosis in Human ...Neven Jakopovic
This study investigated the effects of two medicinal mushroom extract blends, Agarikon.1 and Agarikon Plus, on two human tumor cell lines, H460 and Caco-2. The extracts were found to inhibit the growth of both cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner and induce cell cycle perturbations by delaying progression through the G1 and S phases. While a modest induction of early and late apoptosis was observed, no caspase-3 cleavage was detected. The results indicate that the extracts have antiproliferative and mainly cytostatic activity on the tumor cell lines through cell cycle disturbances and increases in p53 and p21 protein expression.
1. The document describes using a deep mutational scanning technique to identify mutations in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) that confer resistance to ibrutinib, a BTK inhibitor used to treat cancers.
2. A yeast 3-hybrid system will be used to express BTK variants and select for those that maintain kinase activity in the presence of ibrutinib by enabling yeast growth.
3. High-throughput sequencing will identify variants enriched after selection and their resistance levels can be quantified by comparing variant frequencies before and after selection. This will generate a complete resistance map of all BTK mutations.
This study evaluated different susceptibility testing methods for their ability to identify carbapenem resistance mediated by the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) in Enterobacteriaceae. Broth microdilution was the most sensitive method, identifying KPC resistance in over 90% of isolates when interpreting ertapenem, meropenem, or imipenem as intermediate or resistant. The modified Hodge test, which detects carbapenemase production, had 100% sensitivity and specificity for KPC. Ertapenem susceptibility testing showed higher sensitivity than meropenem or imipenem across different test methods.
- Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were applied daily to wounds on mice to examine effects on healing.
- Levels of TGF-β, C3, RF, and CRP - markers of inflammation - were significantly lower in mice treated with Ag-NPs, indicating Ag-NPs suppressed the innate immune system and reduced inflammation.
- Wounds treated with Ag-NPs showed less scarring after 14 days and healed more quickly than untreated wounds, demonstrating that Ag-NPs accelerate wound healing by decreasing inflammatory responses.
This document discusses a study examining the expression of cancer testis antigen (CTA) genes in glioma stem cells. The key findings are:
1) CTA genes were highly and frequently expressed in cancer stem cells isolated from glioma cell lines and tissues, compared to differentiated tumor cells.
2) Histone acetylation levels in promoter regions of CTA genes were high in cancer stem cells and low in differentiated cells, indicating epigenetic regulation of CTA gene expression.
3) CTA genes may be attractive targets for cancer vaccine therapy against glioma cancer stem cells due to their expression and ability to be presented as surface antigens on cancer stem cells.
The document discusses the emerging threat of carbapenemase producing enterobacteria and approaches to address it. It provides background on carbapenem antibiotics and the different classes of carbapenemases. It emphasizes that carbapenemases can hydrolyze all beta-lactam antibiotics, making detection and control critical. It recommends surveillance, enhanced infection control practices, and improved laboratory detection methods to help control the spread of these resistant bacteria.
Western Blot Antibody Customer Review for Anti-Histone H3 (Phospho-Tyr41) An...St John's Laboratory Ltd
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Anti-Histone H3 (Phospho-Tyr41) - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/histone-h3-phospho-tyr41-antibody?filter_name=STJ97138
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
BRL 17421 is a novel beta-lactam antibiotic that is highly resistant to beta-lactamases, resulting in high and prolonged serum levels in humans. It has an unusual spectrum of antibacterial activity, being exceptionally stable to beta-lactamases and active against many Enterobacteriaceae. Studies in humans found it to be well tolerated with no side effects after intramuscular or intravenous administration.
This research poster summarizes experiments investigating the effect of glucose deprivation on promoter activity in cancer and non-cancer cell lines. The experiments found no difference in promoter activity between glucose-deprived and non-deprived cells, or between cancer and non-cancer cells. However, further experiments are needed using different glucose concentrations before conclusions can be drawn. The poster outlines the materials, methods, results and future work planned to further study how specific promoters respond to glucose and other stresses.
This study investigated the effects of 7,8-Dihydromethysticin (DHM), a constituent of the Kava plant, on the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in HepG2C8 cancer cells. An MTS assay showed DHM was not toxic to cells up to 100uM. An ARE-Luciferase assay demonstrated DHM increased ARE activity the most at 40uM. RT-PCR found DHM upregulated expression of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO1 genes the most at 40uM as well. However, western blot analysis did not detect clear changes in Nrf2 and SOD1 protein levels with DHM treatment. Overall, the results suggest
Immune check point inhibitors and adverse effectsSCGH ED CME
Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause immune-related adverse events by removing inhibitory checkpoints and excessively activating the immune system. Common adverse effects include dermatitis in over 50% of patients, enterocolitis in under 20%, hepatitis in under 10%, and endocrinopathies. Symptoms usually onset several months after treatment. Management involves stopping the immune checkpoint inhibitor and administering corticosteroids in most cases. Life-threatening hyperimmunity is possible so consulting the oncologist and other specialists is important.
The document describes the development of a novel, fully automated genetic testing system called the i-densy. The i-densy uses novel detection methods like Quenching Probe systems and Mutation Biased PCR to provide highly accurate genetic analysis from whole blood samples within 90 minutes. The i-densy is a compact, integrated platform that automates sample pretreatment, PCR amplification, and signal detection. It can detect various clinically relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms and mutations related to cancer, coagulation disorders, and viral infections. The i-densy is a useful tool that can contribute to personalized medicine by enabling pharmacogenetic analysis.
This is Part 2 of a presentation on Genetic Toxicology that was given by Dr. David Kirkland to scientific staff at Health Canada in Nov. 2010. Part 1 is availabile here in ppt and as a webinar at the LinkedIn DABT CE group link
Immuno-Oncology: An Evolving Approach to Cancer Care
Review a downloadable slide deck by Thomas F. Gajewski, MD, PhD, covering the most clinically relevant new data reported from Immuno-Oncology: An Evolving Approach to Cancer Care.
Target Audience
This activity is designed to meet the educational needs of oncologists and other healthcare professionals involved in cancer care.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt) | File size: 26.2 MB | Date posted: 6/20/2012
Slide Deck Disclaimer
This slide deck in its original and unaltered format is for educational purposes and is current as of June 2012. All materials contained herein reflect the views of the faculty, and not those of IMER, the CE provider, or the commercial supporter. These materials may discuss therapeutic products that have not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and off-label uses of approved products. Readers should not rely on this information as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The use of any information provided is solely at your own risk, and readers should verify the prescribing information and all data before treating patients or employing any therapeutic products described in this educational activity.
Usage Rights
This slide deck is provided for educational purposes and individual slides may be used for personal, non-commercial presentations only if the content and references remain unchanged. No part of this slide deck may be published in print or electronically as a promotional or certified educational activity without prior written permission from IMER. Additional terms may apply. See Terms of Service on IMERonline.com for details.
Neurotoxicity assay using High Content Screening technologyHCS Pharma
As shown by AstraZeneca in nature reviews*, one third of the safety failures is linked to CNS toxicity during the clinical trials of drugs .
To avoid this attrition, the potential neurotoxicity of any drug going through the blood brain barrier (BBB) needs to be checked and if possible at the early stage of the research process for new chemical entites (NCE). This assay can be performed by cell imaging in HCA/HCS.
Genotyping methods of nosocomial infections pathogenimprovemed
This document discusses genotyping methods for identifying nosocomial pathogens. It notes that nosocomial infections cause significant morbidity, mortality, and costs. Various multidrug-resistant bacteria that commonly cause healthcare-associated infections are identified. Understanding the distribution and relatedness of pathogens is important for epidemiology and infection control. Several molecular genotyping methods are described for distinguishing bacterial strains, including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, plasmid analysis, and PCR-based methods. Implementing a molecular typing program was found to significantly reduce nosocomial infections and costs at one hospital. Molecular testing continues to be an essential tool for combating problem microorganisms in healthcare settings.
The document summarizes an experiment analyzing CCND1 expression in four breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, SKBR3, MDA-MB-231, T47D) using mass cytometry. The primary antibody STJ31335 CCND1 Antibody was used at 4 μg/ml along with a secondary antibody 159Tb-IgG goat anti-rabbit. The cells were cultured, fixed with paraformaldehyde, and stained according to the described protocol before mass cytometry acquisition. A reviewer commented that additional experiments are needed to demonstrate the specificity of the CCND1 antibody.
Evaluation of the Viability of PTEN Transfected MDA-MB-468 Breast Cancer Cell...AmalDhivaharS
The PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin homolog deleted on chromosome TEN) is a tumor suppressor gene that negatively controls the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase signalling pathway for regulation of cell proliferation and cell survival. MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells lack estrogen receptors, over-express epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors, and are growth inhibited by EGF. Etoposide being an extensive chemotherapeutic drug is employed to treat several human cancers and remains one of the most highly prescribed anticancer drugs in the world. In our experiment we made an attempt to examine the viability of four PTEN recombinant plasmid transfected MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, namely, the Enhancer green fluorescent protein – C terminal 1 (EGFPC1), wild type (WT), nuclear export signal (NES) and the nuclear localization signal (NLS) plasmids, by testing them against the anticancer drug, Etoposide. The transfection process was carried out using the Lipofectamine 3000 (L3000) and P3000 enhancer reagents in the ratio 1:1 and was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy. To measure the viability of the transfected cells, we used the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and administered the drug at two different concentrations, 0.26µl and 0.65µl per 1.3ml of the media, to each of the four categories of the transfected cells. After an incubation period of 6 hours, the absorbance readings were measured using a UV spectrophotometer at 570nm and the % viability values calculated were found to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). From both the cases of treatment, it became evident that the breast cancer cells exhibit a greater viability percentage when the PTEN gene was localized in their nucleus, via pEGFPC1-NLS-PTEN, before the Etoposide treatment.
Protein biomarker capabilities for NanosphereWinton Gibbons
The document discusses protein biomarker detection capabilities using nanoparticle probes. It describes a range of protein biomarker concentrations that can be detected, from millimolar to zeptomolar, and examples of disease areas like cancer, Alzheimer's, and cardiovascular disease. It also outlines opportunities for protein biomarker tests in areas like autoimmune disease, pharmacogenomics, respiratory infections, and cardiac biomarkers. The technology uses gold nanoparticle probes attached to capture antibodies to detect proteins through light scattering techniques.
This document describes research on mutating a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific T cell receptor (TCR) to enhance its affinity for its target antigen. The researchers hypothesized that single amino acid changes in the TCR's complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) could increase affinity while minimizing cross-reactivity. They found that such mutations could dramatically increase antigen sensitivity, but also alter fine specificity and confer new self-reactivity, even from minor changes like adding a hydroxyl group. While affinity enhancement is possible, changes to TCR structure can influence recognition in complex and unpredictable ways, emphasizing the need for caution in validating engineered receptors before clinical use.
Western Blot Antibody Customer Review for Anti-PDHA1 Polyclonal Antibody (STJ...St John's Laboratory Ltd
The antibody STJ95006 detected the target band (~43kD) in HEK293 cell lysate but not in U87, HeLa, or Jurkat cell lysates in a Western blot experiment. The experiment used 18ug of total protein from each cell line, a 1:1000 dilution of the primary antibody, a 1:5000 dilution of the secondary antibody, and an exposure time of 5 minutes.
Dr. Patrick Hwu presents the latest information on immunotherapies for melanoma at the MRF's Patient Symposium at MD Anderson Cancer Center on January 31, 2015.
Agarikon.1 and Agarikon Plus Affect Cell Cycle and Induce Apoptosis in Human ...Neven Jakopovic
This study investigated the effects of two medicinal mushroom extract blends, Agarikon.1 and Agarikon Plus, on two human tumor cell lines, H460 and Caco-2. The extracts were found to inhibit the growth of both cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner and induce cell cycle perturbations by delaying progression through the G1 and S phases. While a modest induction of early and late apoptosis was observed, no caspase-3 cleavage was detected. The results indicate that the extracts have antiproliferative and mainly cytostatic activity on the tumor cell lines through cell cycle disturbances and increases in p53 and p21 protein expression.
1. The document describes using a deep mutational scanning technique to identify mutations in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) that confer resistance to ibrutinib, a BTK inhibitor used to treat cancers.
2. A yeast 3-hybrid system will be used to express BTK variants and select for those that maintain kinase activity in the presence of ibrutinib by enabling yeast growth.
3. High-throughput sequencing will identify variants enriched after selection and their resistance levels can be quantified by comparing variant frequencies before and after selection. This will generate a complete resistance map of all BTK mutations.
This study evaluated different susceptibility testing methods for their ability to identify carbapenem resistance mediated by the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) in Enterobacteriaceae. Broth microdilution was the most sensitive method, identifying KPC resistance in over 90% of isolates when interpreting ertapenem, meropenem, or imipenem as intermediate or resistant. The modified Hodge test, which detects carbapenemase production, had 100% sensitivity and specificity for KPC. Ertapenem susceptibility testing showed higher sensitivity than meropenem or imipenem across different test methods.
- Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were applied daily to wounds on mice to examine effects on healing.
- Levels of TGF-β, C3, RF, and CRP - markers of inflammation - were significantly lower in mice treated with Ag-NPs, indicating Ag-NPs suppressed the innate immune system and reduced inflammation.
- Wounds treated with Ag-NPs showed less scarring after 14 days and healed more quickly than untreated wounds, demonstrating that Ag-NPs accelerate wound healing by decreasing inflammatory responses.
This document discusses a study examining the expression of cancer testis antigen (CTA) genes in glioma stem cells. The key findings are:
1) CTA genes were highly and frequently expressed in cancer stem cells isolated from glioma cell lines and tissues, compared to differentiated tumor cells.
2) Histone acetylation levels in promoter regions of CTA genes were high in cancer stem cells and low in differentiated cells, indicating epigenetic regulation of CTA gene expression.
3) CTA genes may be attractive targets for cancer vaccine therapy against glioma cancer stem cells due to their expression and ability to be presented as surface antigens on cancer stem cells.
The document discusses the emerging threat of carbapenemase producing enterobacteria and approaches to address it. It provides background on carbapenem antibiotics and the different classes of carbapenemases. It emphasizes that carbapenemases can hydrolyze all beta-lactam antibiotics, making detection and control critical. It recommends surveillance, enhanced infection control practices, and improved laboratory detection methods to help control the spread of these resistant bacteria.
Western Blot Antibody Customer Review for Anti-Histone H3 (Phospho-Tyr41) An...St John's Laboratory Ltd
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Anti-Histone H3 (Phospho-Tyr41) - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/histone-h3-phospho-tyr41-antibody?filter_name=STJ97138
Join our Antibody Validation Project - http://www.stjohnslabs.com/services/antibody-validation
BRL 17421 is a novel beta-lactam antibiotic that is highly resistant to beta-lactamases, resulting in high and prolonged serum levels in humans. It has an unusual spectrum of antibacterial activity, being exceptionally stable to beta-lactamases and active against many Enterobacteriaceae. Studies in humans found it to be well tolerated with no side effects after intramuscular or intravenous administration.
This research poster summarizes experiments investigating the effect of glucose deprivation on promoter activity in cancer and non-cancer cell lines. The experiments found no difference in promoter activity between glucose-deprived and non-deprived cells, or between cancer and non-cancer cells. However, further experiments are needed using different glucose concentrations before conclusions can be drawn. The poster outlines the materials, methods, results and future work planned to further study how specific promoters respond to glucose and other stresses.
This study investigated the effects of 7,8-Dihydromethysticin (DHM), a constituent of the Kava plant, on the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in HepG2C8 cancer cells. An MTS assay showed DHM was not toxic to cells up to 100uM. An ARE-Luciferase assay demonstrated DHM increased ARE activity the most at 40uM. RT-PCR found DHM upregulated expression of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO1 genes the most at 40uM as well. However, western blot analysis did not detect clear changes in Nrf2 and SOD1 protein levels with DHM treatment. Overall, the results suggest
Immune check point inhibitors and adverse effectsSCGH ED CME
Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause immune-related adverse events by removing inhibitory checkpoints and excessively activating the immune system. Common adverse effects include dermatitis in over 50% of patients, enterocolitis in under 20%, hepatitis in under 10%, and endocrinopathies. Symptoms usually onset several months after treatment. Management involves stopping the immune checkpoint inhibitor and administering corticosteroids in most cases. Life-threatening hyperimmunity is possible so consulting the oncologist and other specialists is important.
The document describes the development of a novel, fully automated genetic testing system called the i-densy. The i-densy uses novel detection methods like Quenching Probe systems and Mutation Biased PCR to provide highly accurate genetic analysis from whole blood samples within 90 minutes. The i-densy is a compact, integrated platform that automates sample pretreatment, PCR amplification, and signal detection. It can detect various clinically relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms and mutations related to cancer, coagulation disorders, and viral infections. The i-densy is a useful tool that can contribute to personalized medicine by enabling pharmacogenetic analysis.
This is Part 2 of a presentation on Genetic Toxicology that was given by Dr. David Kirkland to scientific staff at Health Canada in Nov. 2010. Part 1 is availabile here in ppt and as a webinar at the LinkedIn DABT CE group link
Immuno-Oncology: An Evolving Approach to Cancer Care
Review a downloadable slide deck by Thomas F. Gajewski, MD, PhD, covering the most clinically relevant new data reported from Immuno-Oncology: An Evolving Approach to Cancer Care.
Target Audience
This activity is designed to meet the educational needs of oncologists and other healthcare professionals involved in cancer care.
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt) | File size: 26.2 MB | Date posted: 6/20/2012
Slide Deck Disclaimer
This slide deck in its original and unaltered format is for educational purposes and is current as of June 2012. All materials contained herein reflect the views of the faculty, and not those of IMER, the CE provider, or the commercial supporter. These materials may discuss therapeutic products that have not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and off-label uses of approved products. Readers should not rely on this information as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The use of any information provided is solely at your own risk, and readers should verify the prescribing information and all data before treating patients or employing any therapeutic products described in this educational activity.
Usage Rights
This slide deck is provided for educational purposes and individual slides may be used for personal, non-commercial presentations only if the content and references remain unchanged. No part of this slide deck may be published in print or electronically as a promotional or certified educational activity without prior written permission from IMER. Additional terms may apply. See Terms of Service on IMERonline.com for details.
Neurotoxicity assay using High Content Screening technologyHCS Pharma
As shown by AstraZeneca in nature reviews*, one third of the safety failures is linked to CNS toxicity during the clinical trials of drugs .
To avoid this attrition, the potential neurotoxicity of any drug going through the blood brain barrier (BBB) needs to be checked and if possible at the early stage of the research process for new chemical entites (NCE). This assay can be performed by cell imaging in HCA/HCS.
Genotyping methods of nosocomial infections pathogenimprovemed
This document discusses genotyping methods for identifying nosocomial pathogens. It notes that nosocomial infections cause significant morbidity, mortality, and costs. Various multidrug-resistant bacteria that commonly cause healthcare-associated infections are identified. Understanding the distribution and relatedness of pathogens is important for epidemiology and infection control. Several molecular genotyping methods are described for distinguishing bacterial strains, including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, plasmid analysis, and PCR-based methods. Implementing a molecular typing program was found to significantly reduce nosocomial infections and costs at one hospital. Molecular testing continues to be an essential tool for combating problem microorganisms in healthcare settings.
The document summarizes an experiment analyzing CCND1 expression in four breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, SKBR3, MDA-MB-231, T47D) using mass cytometry. The primary antibody STJ31335 CCND1 Antibody was used at 4 μg/ml along with a secondary antibody 159Tb-IgG goat anti-rabbit. The cells were cultured, fixed with paraformaldehyde, and stained according to the described protocol before mass cytometry acquisition. A reviewer commented that additional experiments are needed to demonstrate the specificity of the CCND1 antibody.
Evaluation of the Viability of PTEN Transfected MDA-MB-468 Breast Cancer Cell...AmalDhivaharS
The PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin homolog deleted on chromosome TEN) is a tumor suppressor gene that negatively controls the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase signalling pathway for regulation of cell proliferation and cell survival. MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells lack estrogen receptors, over-express epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors, and are growth inhibited by EGF. Etoposide being an extensive chemotherapeutic drug is employed to treat several human cancers and remains one of the most highly prescribed anticancer drugs in the world. In our experiment we made an attempt to examine the viability of four PTEN recombinant plasmid transfected MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells, namely, the Enhancer green fluorescent protein – C terminal 1 (EGFPC1), wild type (WT), nuclear export signal (NES) and the nuclear localization signal (NLS) plasmids, by testing them against the anticancer drug, Etoposide. The transfection process was carried out using the Lipofectamine 3000 (L3000) and P3000 enhancer reagents in the ratio 1:1 and was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy. To measure the viability of the transfected cells, we used the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and administered the drug at two different concentrations, 0.26µl and 0.65µl per 1.3ml of the media, to each of the four categories of the transfected cells. After an incubation period of 6 hours, the absorbance readings were measured using a UV spectrophotometer at 570nm and the % viability values calculated were found to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). From both the cases of treatment, it became evident that the breast cancer cells exhibit a greater viability percentage when the PTEN gene was localized in their nucleus, via pEGFPC1-NLS-PTEN, before the Etoposide treatment.
This document describes a study that developed a one-enzyme PCR-RFLP assay to identify six medically important Candida species using the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions of fungal rRNA genes. The researchers amplified this region from standard strains using universal primers and digested the PCR products with the restriction enzyme Msp I. This allowed discrimination of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, and C. guilliermondii based on differences in fragment sizes. The method was then used to identify 137 clinical Candida isolates, correctly identifying C. albicans as the most
1. The document presents the discovery of JSI-124, a selective inhibitor of the JAK/STAT3 pathway, which was identified from screening a library of compounds for inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation in cancer cells.
2. JSI-124 was found to reduce phospho-STAT3 levels in multiple human cancer cell lines and block STAT3 DNA binding and gene transcription, inhibiting tumor growth.
3. JSI-124 selectively targeted STAT3 signaling over other pathways and showed potent antitumor activity against human tumor xenografts in mouse models, demonstrating its potential as an anticancer therapeutic targeting the STAT3 pathway.
Screening models for testing of immunological factorsKundlik Rathod
This document discusses screening models for testing immunological factors. It describes both in vitro and in vivo methods. The in vitro methods covered include inhibition of histamine release from mast cells, neutrophil locomotion and chemotaxis assays, and using cell lines like THP-1 monocytes. The in vivo methods covered are using murine models to study humoral antibody response, assessing delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, and measuring macrophage phagocytosis using the carbon clearance test. The goal of these screening models is to test substances that can modulate the immune system.
This summarizes a study that developed a modified non-biotin polymerized horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immunohistochemical method for diagnosing canine distemper virus (CDV) infection from formalin-fixed tissue samples. The method confirmed CDV infection in seven of eight suspected cases. Labelled CDV antigen was observed in various tissues including brain, spinal cord, kidney, lungs, skin, and others. Compared to microwave pretreatment alone, autoclaving followed by microwave heating produced better labelling results. The non-biotin HRP detection system produced similar results to a conventional biotin-linked system.
This study examined the role of miR-138-5p in regulating human melanoma cell proliferation. The study found that miR-138-5p expression was significantly higher in melanoma tissues compared to controls. Overexpression of miR-138-5p promoted proliferation of Me45 melanoma cells, while inhibition of miR-138-5p suppressed proliferation. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that miR-138-5p targets the 3'-UTR of hTERT, and luciferase assays confirmed this. Knockdown of hTERT reversed the promotive effects of miR-138-5p on cell proliferation, indicating miR-138-5p regulates proliferation by directly targeting hTERT. Therefore, this study demonstrates that miR-138-5
1) The study investigated the effects of gasdermin D on pyroptosis in a mouse model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.
2) The results showed that gasdermin D expression was increased in mice with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury and promoted inflammation and pyroptosis in kidney cells.
3) Downregulating gasdermin D decreased inflammation and pyroptosis, and the NLRP3 inflammasome was identified as an important target of gasdermin D in mediating inflammation during sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.
Final CSPG4 Presentation Abhinav Bhaskar 4-22-15.pptxABHINAV BHASKAR
- Researchers used CRISPR-cas9 gene editing to partially knockout the CSPG4 gene in the 1205Lu metastatic melanoma cell line, creating a new cell line called 1205Lu 2.4F6.
- Analysis through PCR, western blot, and cell growth assays showed the 2.4F6 cell line had reduced but not absent CSPG4 expression and slower tumor cell growth compared to the parental 1205Lu line.
- The results suggest that partial knockout of the CSPG4 gene through CRISPR-cas9 leads to haploinsufficiency and slower melanoma tumor cell growth, demonstrating the role of CSPG4 in promoting tumor formation and progression.
This document describes a method for identifying the anti-inflammatory cytokine TSG-6 using integrated on-column protein digestion, liquid chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry. Optimal conditions were determined to be digestion at 50°C for 4 minutes, allowing identification of TSG-6 with as little as 1 ng (32.3 femtomoles) on column. Both mouse and human TSG-6 were distinguished by identifying three conserved and three unique tryptic peptides for each. This integrated method provides a rapid approach for identifying TSG-6 and could potentially be applied to other cytokines.
This is Part 1 of a presentation on Genetic Toxicology that was given by Dr. David Kirkland to scientific staff at Health Canada in Sept. 2010. Part 2 is availabile in ppt
This study aimed to detect Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) in milk and dairy products in Egypt using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the Mce4A gene. Three hundred random samples were collected from Assiut, Egypt including raw milk, yogurt, cheese and butter. Isolation methods found M. bovis in 4% of samples from tuberculosis-positive animals and 2% from negative animals. M. bovis and other mycobacteria were also detected in 1-2% of dairy products. PCR was performed on 6 M. bovis strains previously identified, which confirmed the presence of the Mce4A gene. The results suggest using the Mce4A gene as a target for
Genotoxicity_studies M pharmacy Pharmacology.pptxAyodhya Paradhe
This document discusses various genotoxicity studies and guidelines. It introduces the concept of genotoxicity and describes several important tests used in genotoxicity assessment, including the Ames test, in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test, in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and in vivo mammalian bone marrow chromosome aberration test. It provides details on the principles, procedures, and reporting of results for these key genotoxicity tests.
1) The study investigated the effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors crizotinib and dasatinib on canine osteosarcoma cell lines. It found that dasatinib more effectively suppressed cell viability and inhibited hepatocyte growth factor-induced invasion and migration compared to crizotinib.
2) Exogenous hepatocyte growth factor increased invasion, migration, and matrix metalloproteinase production in the osteosarcoma cell lines.
3) Preliminary results showed that four dogs with osteosarcoma treated with adjuvant dasatinib therapy experienced an apparent clinical benefit.
tamoxifen is anticancer drug which is used in treatment of breast cancer. but tamoxifen shows poor permeability and consequently efficacy. Recent studies showed an enhanced oral bioavailability of tamoxifen (TMX) by hydrophobically modified α-tocopherol succinate-g-carboxymethyl chitosan (Cmc-TS) micelles. As a continued effort, here we evaluated TMX-loaded polymeric micelles (TMX-PMs) for its enhanced permeability with increased anticancer efficacy and decreased hepatotoxicity. We employed co-solvent evaporation technique to encapsulate TMX into Cmc-TS. Apparent permeability assay of TMX-PMs was performed on Caco-2 cell line. The absorptive transport of TMX increased significantly about 3.8-fold when incorporated into Cmc-TS PMs. Cytotoxicity of Cmc-TS PMs was studied on MCF-7 cell line by MTT and; confocal microscopy was used for cellular uptake. Confocal microscopy revealed that Cmc-TS PMs could effectively accumulate in the cytosol of MCF-7 cell lines. In vitro data was further validated using N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis model in Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatotoxicity profiles of TMX-PMs at three different doses were also evaluated against the free drug TMX. TMX-PMs were more effective in suppressing breast tumor in MNU-induced mammary carcinoma model than free TMX with better safety profile. In addition, histological data shows that tumors are “benign” in TMX-PMs treated group compared with “malignant” tumors in free TMX treated and control groups. Overall, the results implicate that our Cmc-TS PMs may serve as a promising carrier for the intracellular delivery of anticancer drug molecules via oral route.
Gene expression profiling in apoptotic mcf 7 cells infected with newcastle di...Mohamed Khalid Ali Xundhur
The document summarizes a study that examined gene expression profiling in MCF-7 breast cancer cells infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The study found that NDV infection changed the expression levels of many genes involved in tumor progression, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and other cellular processes. Specifically, the study used a gene expression kit to measure changes in 21 genes related to these processes in MCF-7 cells infected with NDV. It found that NDV infection altered the expression of genes like PUMA, Bcl-2, ESR1, and MYBL2. The results provide insight into the gene regulation mechanisms by which NDV selectively kills cancer cells.
Gene expression profiling in apoptotic mcf 7 cells infected with newcastle di...Mohamed Khalid Ali Xundhur
1) The document analyzes gene expression profiling in MCF-7 breast cancer cells infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). It finds that NDV infection changes the expression level of many genes involved in tumor progression, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and other processes.
2) Specifically, it finds that NDV down-regulates expression of genes like estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and up-regulates genes like Bcl-2 binding component 3 (BBC3), both of which are involved in apoptosis.
3) Cell cycle analysis shows that 11% and 41% of MCF-7 cells underwent apoptosis at 3 and 6 hours post-infection respectively, indicating NDV induces apoptosis in the cancer cells
Spirochetes generally refer to bacteria with a spiral morphology ranging from loose coils to a rigid corkscrew shape. The three medically important genera include the cause of syphilis, the ancient scourge of sexual indiscretion, and Lyme disease, a newly discovered consequence of an innocent walk in the woods.
T. pallidum is the causative agent of syphilis, a venereal disease first recognized in the 16th century as the “great pox” that rapidly spread through Europe in association with urbanization and military campaigns. Some argue that it was brought back from the New World by the sailors with Christopher Columbus. Its extended course and the protean, often dramatic nature of its findings (genital ulcer, ataxia, dementia, ruptured aorta) are due to a state of balanced parasitism which spans decades. The cause of syphilis is actually a subspecies (T. pallidum subsp. pallidum) closely related to other agents which cause rare non venereal treponematoses. T. pallidum is used here to indicate the pallidum subspecies.
G protein-coupled receptor that probably associates with the patched protein (PTCH) to transduce the hedgehog's proteins signal. Binding of sonic hedgehog (SHH) to its receptor patched is thought to prevent normal inhibition by patched of smoothened (SMO). Required for the accumulation of KIF7 and GLI3 in the cilia.
Anti-Smo antibody (STJ95710): http://www.stjohnslabs.com/smo-antibody-p-94371?filter_name=STJ95710
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Western Blot Customer Review Anti Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody (STJ97101)St John's Laboratory Ltd
Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Involved in chromatin remodeling . Plays a role in rapid mRNA degradation by binding to the 5' UTR of target mRNAs and interacting with PNRC2 in a ligand-dependent manner. Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth (By similarity). Has transcriptional activation and repression activity . Mediates glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis . Promotes accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis . May act as a tumor suppressor . May play a negative role in adipogenesis through the regulation of lipolytic and antilipogenic gene expression (By similarity). / Isoform Beta: Acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of isoform Alpha . Has intrinsic transcriptional activity independent of isoform Alpha when both isoforms are coexpressed.
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Anti glucocorticoid receptor antibody (STJ97101):
http://www.stjohnslabs.com/glucocorticoid-receptor-antibody-p-98736?filter_name=STJ97101
Western Blot Customer Review Anti-Phospho-Cofilin (S3) Antibody (STJ90230)St John's Laboratory Ltd
Binds to F-actin and exhibits pH-sensitive F-actin depolymerizing activity. Regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Important for normal progress through mitosis and normal cytokinesis. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Required for the up-regulation of atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation.
Anti-Phospho-Cofilin (S3) -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/phospho-cofilin-s3-antibody
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This June, Dr. Byron Baron from the University of Malta, Malta, is our Scientist of the Month! He's shared with us his research highlights, his current projects and some comments on the biotechnology industry.
Want to be our Scientist of the Month? Contact info@stjohnslabs.com
Downstream effector molecule involved in the transmission of signals from tyrosine kinase receptors and small GTPases to the actin cytoskeleton. Promotes formation of actin filaments. Part of the WAVE complex that regulates lamellipodia formation. The WAVE complex regulates actin filament reorganization via its interaction with the Arp2/3 complex.
Anti-WAVE2 -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/wave2-antibody
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Implicated in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. May recruit other proteins to membranes with high curvature.
Brain, mostly in frontal cortex. Expressed at high level in fetal cerebellum.
Anti-Endophilin I -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/endophilin-i-antibody
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Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. TUBB3 plays a critical role in proper axon guidance and mantainance.
Anti-β-tubulin -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/b-tubulin-antibody-p-98672
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Most upstream protease of the activation cascade of caspases responsible for the TNFRSF6/FAS mediated and TNFRSF1A induced cell death. Binding to the adapter molecule FADD recruits it to either receptor. The resulting aggregate called death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs CASP8 proteolytic activation. The active dimeric enzyme is then liberated from the DISC and free to activate downstream apoptotic proteases. Proteolytic fragments of the N-terminal propeptide (termed CAP3, CAP5 and CAP6) are likely retained in the DISC. Cleaves and activates CASP3, CASP4, CASP6, CASP7, CASP9 and CASP10. May participate in the GZMB apoptotic pathways. Cleaves ADPRT. Hydrolyzes the small-molecule substrate, Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-|-AMC. Likely target for the cowpox virus CRMA death inhibitory protein. Isoform 5, isoform 6, isoform 7 and isoform 8 lack the catalytic site and may interfere with the pro-apoptotic activity of the complex. / Strict requirement for Asp at position P1 and has a preferred cleavage sequence of (Leu/Asp/Val)-Glu-Thr-Asp-|-(Gly/Ser/Ala). / Inhibited by the effector protein NleF that is produced by pathogenic E.coli; this inhibits apoptosis.
Anti-Caspase-8-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/caspase-8-antibody-p-99045
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Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles or the centrosome. Pericentriolar matrix component that regulates alpha/beta chain minus-end nucleation, centrosome duplication and spindle formation.
Anti-Gamma Tubulin-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/gamma-tubulin-antibody
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This document describes immunohistochemistry protocols for validating an anti-epsilon tubulin antibody in paraffin-embedded tissue samples of human liver, rat lung, kidney, spleen, and mouse lung. The protocol involves tissue processing, antigen retrieval, blocking, primary and secondary antibody incubation, DAB staining, hematoxylin counterstaining, dehydration, clearing, and visualization under a microscope. Validation results showed specific staining of epsilon tubulin in the tissue samples.
Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes) . Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation .
Anti-LC3A-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/lc3a-antibody
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Multifunctional transcription factor in ER stress response. Plays an essential role in the response to a wide variety of cell stresses and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to ER stress. Plays a dual role both as an inhibitor of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) function and as an activator of other genes. Acts as a dominant-negative regulator of C/EBP-induced transcription: dimerizes with members of the C/EBP family, impairs their association with C/EBP binding sites in the promoter regions, and inhibits the expression of C/EBP regulated genes. Positively regulates the transcription of TRIB3, IL6, IL8, IL23, TNFRSF10B/DR5, PPP1R15A/GADD34, BBC3/PUMA, BCL2L11/BIM and ERO1L. Negatively regulates; expression of BCL2 and MYOD1, ATF4-dependent transcriptional activation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS), CEBPA-dependent transcriptional activation of hepcidin (HAMP) and CEBPB-mediated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG).
Anti-CHOP-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/chop-antibody-2
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Pseudokinase that plays a key role in TNF-induced necroptosis, a programmed cell death process. Activated following phosphorylation by RIPK3, leading to homotrimerization, localization to the plasma membrane and execution of programmed necrosis characterized by calcium influx and plasma membrane damage. Does not have protein kinase activity.
Anti-phospho-MLKL (S358)-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/phospho-mlkl-s358-antibody-1
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This document summarizes the immunohistochemistry protocol used to analyze ERK1 protein expression in human uterus tissue samples. Key steps included: antigen retrieval using citric acid; blocking of endogenous peroxidase; primary antibody incubation with anti-ERK1 antibody overnight at 4°C; secondary antibody incubation at room temperature for 30 minutes; DAB staining to visualize positive results; hematoxylin counterstaining; dehydration and clearing of slides; and visualization under a microscope. The protocol validated that the anti-ERK1 antibody specifically labeled ERK1 protein in human uterus tissue as expected.
Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for PDGFA, PDGFB and PDGFC and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, survival and chemotaxis. Depending on the context, promotes or inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration. Plays an important role in the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Required for normal skeleton development and cephalic closure during embryonic development. Required for normal development of the mucosa lining the gastrointestinal tract, and for recruitment of mesenchymal cells and normal development of intestinal villi. Plays a role in cell migration and chemotaxis in wound healing. Plays a role in platelet activation, secretion of agonists from platelet granules, and in thrombin-induced platelet aggregation.
Anti-PDGFRα-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/pdgfra-antibody-2
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Thiol protease that cleaves IL-1 beta between an Asp and an Ala, releasing the mature cytokine which is involved in a variety of inflammatory processes. Important for defense against pathogens. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Can also promote apoptosis. / Strict requirement for an Asp residue at position P1 and has a preferred cleavage sequence of Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-|-. / Specifically inhibited by the cowpox virus Crma protein.
Anti-Caspase-1-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/caspase-1-antibody-1
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Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G(o) alpha ATPase activity (By similarity). Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1. Involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction. In vitro, copper-metallated APP induces neuronal death directly or is potentiated through Cu2+-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation.
Anti-Amyloid-β-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/amyloid-v-antibody
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Suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. Regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspases. Inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1). May attenuate inflammation by impairing NLRP1-inflammasome activation, hence CASP1 activation and IL1B release .
Anti-Bcl-2-http://www.stjohnslabs.com/bcl-2-antibody-1
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Alpha-actin-2 also known as actin, aortic smooth muscle or alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, SMactin, alpha-SM-actin, ASMA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTA2 gene located on 10q22-q24. Actin alpha 2, the human aortic smooth muscle actin gene, is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is commonly used as a marker of myofibroblast formation.
Anti-α-SMA -http://www.stjohnslabs.com/a-sma-antibody-1
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Compositions of iron-meteorite parent bodies constrainthe structure of the pr...Sérgio Sacani
Magmatic iron-meteorite parent bodies are the earliest planetesimals in the Solar System,and they preserve information about conditions and planet-forming processes in thesolar nebula. In this study, we include comprehensive elemental compositions andfractional-crystallization modeling for iron meteorites from the cores of five differenti-ated asteroids from the inner Solar System. Together with previous results of metalliccores from the outer Solar System, we conclude that asteroidal cores from the outerSolar System have smaller sizes, elevated siderophile-element abundances, and simplercrystallization processes than those from the inner Solar System. These differences arerelated to the formation locations of the parent asteroids because the solar protoplane-tary disk varied in redox conditions, elemental distributions, and dynamics at differentheliocentric distances. Using highly siderophile-element data from iron meteorites, wereconstruct the distribution of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) across theprotoplanetary disk within the first million years of Solar-System history. CAIs, the firstsolids to condense in the Solar System, formed close to the Sun. They were, however,concentrated within the outer disk and depleted within the inner disk. Future modelsof the structure and evolution of the protoplanetary disk should account for this dis-tribution pattern of CAIs.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDSSérgio Sacani
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...Sérgio Sacani
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
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cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
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) with
Λ
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Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
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truly diverge from their low-
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counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Antibody Customer Review for TWIST1 Polyclonal Antibody (STJ31126)
1. Cell Line:
HMLE Twist-ER cell line (Mani
et al., Cell, 2008)
MCF7 cell line (ATCC)
Method of validation: Mass Cytometry
Primary Antibody:
STJ31126 TWIST Antibody
(STJ29453)
Secondary Antibody 159
Tb-IgG goat anti-rabbit
Dilution ratio: Used at 4 µg/ml
Result
“The antibody can be used to detect high levels of TWIST1. However, when it comes to detection of small expression
differences, this might be challenging by mass cytometry due to the medium signal intensity at high antibody concen-
trations (4 µg/ml). “ - J. Wagner, University of Zurich
Treatment of materials:
The cells were cultured to 70%-80% plating density. For cell detachment, they were washed with pre-warmed PBS
(Gibco) and 1X TrypLETM (Thermo Fisher) was added for 5 min at 37°C. For cell fixation, 1.6% paraformaldehyde
(Thermo Fisher) was added for 10 minutes at room temperature. Then, the cells were pipetted off the plate and col-
lected in cold full growth medium to quench the paraformaldehyde. The cells were spun down and aliquoted in PBS
(Gibco) prior to storage at -80°C.
Protocol:
Fixed cells were washed once with 1x PBS / 0.05% bovine serum albumin / 2mM EDTA cell staining buffer (CSB) prior to
staining with the antibody (STJ92356, 4 µg/ml) in CSB for 45 min at 22°C. The cells were washed three times with CSB.
Then, the secondary antibody, a goat anti-rabbit 159
Tb-IgG (0.25 µg/ml), was applied in CSB for 45 min at 22°C. The cells
were washed with CSB and ddH20 prior to mass cytometry acquisition.
Antibody Customer Review:
STJ31126 TWIST Antibody (STJ29453)
Antibody Specificity:
Antibody Rating:
Overlay histogram showing MCF7 cells
(orange) and HMLE Twist-ER cells (violet)
stained with STJ31126 and anti-rabbit 159Tb-IgG.
HMLE Twist-ER cells overexpress Twist1 (Mani
et al., Cell 2008.)