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1. Anth
An Introduction
etry
Lecture Nodule
FK Unsri
2008

2. “Stretch of the Measuring“
J
o
h
a
n
n Wolfgang vonGoethe, 1779
Stadiometer

3. What is Anthropometry?
4 Greek
+ Anthro- : man
+ -pometry: measurements
+ Literal meaning: “measurement of humans“
4 The study of measurements or proportions
of the human body according to sex, age,
etc. for identification purposes
+ Dimensions of bones, muscles, and adipose (fat)
tissues

4. istory of Anthropometry
4 1888: Francis Galton starts research
on “Finger Prints” to further
anthropometry
4 1892: Francis Galton publishes Finger
Prints
4 1894: England adopted the system.
4 1903: Will West & William West

5. Alpho Bertillo
Anthropometry
Forensic

6. istory of Anthropometry
4 1888: Francis Galton starts research
on “Finger Prints” to further
anthropometry
4 1892: Francis Galton publishes Finger
Prints
4 1894: England adopted the system.
4 1903: Will West & William West

7. Galton Discovery b
e
c
a
u
s
e of
Anthropometry?
s py a en on wa
s w
o he dges n 188
n
8 when
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anthropometricmethod of Bertillon, then newly introduced into
the prison administration of France. Wishing to treat the subject
generally, and having a vague knowledge of the value sometimes
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the evidence of such results as might be arrived at tO b
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presented to the reader on an enlarged and easily legible fOrm,
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Excerpt from Galton's Finger Prints

8. Applications of Anthropometry
>lj|¿
4 Identification of repeated criminals
C
e
s
a
r
e Lombroso's Criminal Anthropology (1895):
“murderers have prominent jaws and pickpockets
have long hands and scanty beards”.
Eugene Vidocq: identification of criminals by facial
characteristics
4 Prevention of impersonation
4 Differentiation between the races
* Eugenics in Europe
4 Aryans from Jews: The Bureau for Enlightenment on
Population Policy and Racial Welfare recommended the
classification of Aryans and non-Aryans on the basis of
measurements of the skull and other physical features,
“craniometric" certification, required by law. The
consequences for not meeting requirements included
denial of permission to marry or work, and for many it
meant the death c
a
m
p
s
4 Intelligence tests became associated with
Anthropometry

9. Debate over Anthropometry
4 General Problems with
Anthropometry:
Cost and error of the instruments used
+ Education needed to be able to take the
measurements
+ Error in calculation and measurements
Slow
4 Will West Case

10. Body Identification using
Anthropometry
Bertillon used 5 basic measurements:
* head length
* head breadth
* length of middle finger
* Length of leh foot
* length from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger
Today that list is more extensive:
* Gender
* Height
* Weight
* Age
^ Bicep circumference, buttock depth, chest breadth, elbow
circumference, eye height, forearm to hand, ear breadth, head
circumference, head length, hip breadth sitting, hip breadth
c
s
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r
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ly
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10
,
7
wrist
measurements

11. Anthropometric Measuring Tools
Anthropometer G
oniometer
Medical scale
T
a
p
e

12. Anthropometric Measuring
Techniques

13. Anthropometric Measuring
Techniques

14. Basic
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m
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C0MP0fIEtITS0F8TATIJRE
1. Widlhofthumbnail
2. Lengttofmid-digilofindedinger
3. Circumferenc thun1I:knuckle
4. LengttoTndedinger
5. WidtfoMeadtuswalipers)
6. Ciicvmferericmtvrist
7. Handspan(wristcreasetofingeñip)
8. Hands
pr
eagt
hegr
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di
st
ancey
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9. Heiqhtofieadtusmalipers)
10. Circumlerenc 8nkl4smallespan)
11. Lengtfofoot›vhiIesIanding;shoeolfl
12. Distancd‹omwistlocreaseinsidearm
(Ihmreas ppositdhmJbow)
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c forea‹AIargespart)
14. Circumfeience›bicep4flexed)
15. Circum(erenc fied‹
16. Circumferenc Ealfnuscle
17. Short“cubit”(disIancel‹omtipofeIbowto
knuckl lenchedisl)
18. Long“cubi1”(distancefromtipofelbowto
thetipo4inge‹s)
Circur«ferencafiea§maximumeasurement
takeraroundhehead)
Underarmtowris#witharmfiangingdownlo
one”side›
21. -SittingfieighI"(frorr iuItocktctopoIhead)
22. Outsidd@ength(naturalwaistlinetaoleofloot)
23. Youtstaturgyou/heigh /ithouahoes)

15. DiagramofBodyRegionstcbeMeasured
19
20
HumanGrowth
LabSheetA-1B Page2
”16
17
13

16. Basic Anthropometric Measuring
Examples
200
175
150
§ 125
00
75
50
21
AnthropomePic Measurements (cont.)
Category
23
Male 1
• Male 2
Male 3
ktzle 4
- Male 5
- Male 6
Female 1
Ferrale 2
Ferrale 3
Ferreie 4
Ferrale 5
Ferrale 6

17. Basic Anthropometric Measuring
Examples
200
175
150
§ 125
00
75
50
21
AnthropomePic Measurements (cont.)
Category
23
Male 1
• Male 2
Male 3
ktzle 4
- Male 5
- Male 6
Female 1
Ferrale 2
Ferrale 3
Ferreie 4
Ferrale 5
Ferrale 6

18. Anthropometry Today
4 Biometrics
4 Nutrition and wellness
* Weight Training
4 Ergonomics
+ namic anthro ometr Measurements taken
on and around the figure when it is in any
position other than the fixed ones.
+ Everyday life
4 Evolutionary Significance
+ Changes in humans overtime
4 Monitor growth in children
+ Cranial Anthropometry

19. Biometrics
4 the automatic identification of a
person based on his/her physiological
or behavioral characteristics
4 Verification vs. identification
+ Verification: Am 7 whom I claim I am?
involves confirming or denying a
person's claimed identity
" Identification: Who am I?

20. I
! ‘
*
*
*
*
’
Biometrics Applications
4 Forensics: criminal identification and
prison security
4 Prevention of unauthorized access to
ATMs, cellular phones, smart cards,
desktop PCs, workstations, and
computer networks
4 Automobiles: replace keys with key-
less entry and key-less ignition
4 Border control and national ID cards

21. Biometrics Programs
4 Fingerprint Identification
4 Hand Geometry: geometric shape of the
hand for authenticating a user's identity
4 Face Location: an arbitrary black and white,
still image, find the location and size of
every human face
4 Multibiometrics: integrates face recognition,
fingerprint verification, and speaker
verification in making a personal
identification

22. Fingerpnnt
Face
Slgnmmœ

24. Biometrics in U
s
e
H
a
n
dG
e
o
m
e
t
r
y
G
e
o
m
e
t
r
y
ent:

25. Cranial Anthropometry
4 Also known as Craniometry
4 measurement of the skull and face
»/ 3 ways to categorize the skull
+ dolichocephalic: long and thin
brachycephalic: short and broad
+ mesocephalic: intermediate length
and breadth

26. Terminology
Porion: the uppermost lateral point in the margin of the
external auditory meatus. The right and left porion with the
left orbitale define the Frankfort Horizontal
Mastoidale: the lowest point of the mastoid process
onion: the mi"dpoint of the angel of the mandible between
body and ramus.
Bregma: the intersection of the coronal and sagittal
sutures in the midline.
Lambda: the intersection of the sagittal and lambdoidal
sutures in the midline.
Nasion: the intersection of the nasofrontal suture with the
midsagittal plane. Nasion is the uppermost landmark for the
measure of facial height.
Menton: the lowest median point of the chin.
Pogonion: the most anterior point in the midline of the
chin.

27. Frankfort Horizontal

28. CranialAnthropometry: 16 Facial
Zones
* g (glabella)
+ gn (gnathion)
obi (otobasion
inferius)
* op
(opisthocranion)
po (porion)
en
(endocanthion)
+ eu (eurion)
+ ex (exocanthion)
+ ft
(frontotemporale)
(frOntOzygomatic
us)

29. Cranial Anthropometry:
Zones (cont.
+ n (nasion)
* sn (subnasale)
+ I (tragion)
+ tr (trichion)
+ v (vertex)
^ zy (zygion)
Facial

30. Crania Anthropometry Facial Z
•
a
n
e
s

31. Terminology
Porion: the uppermost lateral point in the margin of the
external auditory meatus. The right and left porion with the
left orbitale define the Frankfort Horizontal
Mastoidale: the lowest point of the mastoid process
onion: the mi"dpoint of the angel of the mandible between
body and ramus.
Bregma: the intersection of the coronal and sagittal
sutures in the midline.
Lambda: the intersection of the sagittal and lambdoidal
sutures in the midline.
Nasion: the intersection of the nasofrontal suture with the
midsagittal plane. Nasion is the uppermost landmark for the
measure of facial height.
Menton: the lowest median point of the chin.
Pogonion: the most anterior point in the midline of the
chin.

32. Terminology
Porion: the uppermost lateral point in the margin of the
external auditory meatus. The right and left porion with the
left orbitale define the Frankfort Horizontal
Mastoidale: the lowest point of the mastoid process
onion: the mi"dpoint of the angel of the mandible between
body and ramus.
Bregma: the intersection of the coronal and sagittal
sutures in the midline.
Lambda: the intersection of the sagittal and lambdoidal
sutures in the midline.
Nasion: the intersection of the nasofrontal suture with the
midsagittal plane. Nasion is the uppermost landmark for the
measure of facial height.
Menton: the lowest median point of the chin.
Pogonion: the most anterior point in the midline of the
chin.

33. ‹
,,
»
Anthropometry
ant opo et y t e easu e o hu ans can be
greatly aided by the use of accurate digital humans.
We'll take a look at how to create these types of
accurate digital humans and how they can be used for
the measurement of entire populations
4 Programs:
+ Cyberware
DigiSize
CySlice
Ear Impression 3-D Scanner
SizeUSA: 3D measurement system, a body scanner
feeding data into measurement extraction software.
CAESAR: generate a database of human physical
dimensions for men and women of various weights,
between the ages of 18 and 65
Virtual I'ñodeIs: virtually try on clothes, makeup etc.

34. Future Endeavors of
Anthropometrv?
Neck segment
Neck plane
Elbow plane
Forearm
segment
Wrist plane —
Hand segment
Head segment
Head plane
Thorax segment
Throax plane
Abdominal segment
Abdominal plane
Hip plane
Pe s se
Thigh flap segment
Thlgh flap plane

35. Standing Heig
SHOULLI9S@t x•D

36. Sitting Height

37. Upper Leg
Length

38. Knee Height

39. Arm Length

40. Circumferences
Buttock
Abdominal/waist

41. Skin Fold
Triceps
Subscapular
Suprailiaca