qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq

1. THE 1872
CAVITE MUTINY

2. 1872
Two major events happened in 1872, first was the
1872 Cavite Mutiny and the other was the
martyrdom of the three martyr priests in the
persons of Fathers Mariano Gomes, Jose Burgos
and Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA).

3. What is a mutiny?
● A forcible or passive resistance to lawful
authority
● To revolt against discipline or a superior
officer
● To rise against or refuse to obey or
observe authority

4. The2 Faces oftheCavite Mutiny
FILIPINO VERSION
It was a simple mutiny by the native
Filipino soldiers and laborers of the Cavite
arsenal who turned out to be dissatisfied
with the abolition of their privileges.
SPANISH VERSION
An attempt of the indios to overthrow
the Spanish government in the
Philippines

5. 1872 Cavite Mutiny: Spanish Perpsective
Jose Montero y Vidal
A prolific Spanish historian who
documented the event and
highlighted it as an attempt of the
Indios to overthrow the Spanish
government in the Philippines.

6. Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo
His official report magnified the event
and made use of it to implicate the
native clergy, which was then active in
the call for secularization.

7. Spanish Accounts on 1872
● The event of 1872 was planned earlier and was thought
of it as a big conspiracy among educated leaders,
mestizos, abogadillos or native lawyers, residents of
Manila and Cavite and the native clergy.
● They insinuated that the conspirators of Manila and
Cavite planned to liquidate high-ranking Spanish
officers to be followed by the massacre of the friars.
● The alleged pre-concerted signal among the
conspirators of Manila and Cavite was the firing of
rockets from the walls of Intramuros.

8. January 20, 1872
● The district of Sampaloc celebrated the feast of the
Virgin of Loreto, unfortunately participants to the feast
celebrated the occasion with the usual fireworks displays.
● Allegedly, those in Cavite mistook the fireworks as the
sign for the attack, and just like what was agreed upon,
the 200-men contingent headed by Sergeant Lamadrid
launched an attack targeting Spanish officers at sight and
seized the arsenal.

9. Sergeant Lamadrid

10. The said “revolution”
was easily crushed
when the expected
reinforcement from
Manila did arrive to
help the Caviteños.

11. February 17,1872
● The attack resulted in the deaths of key instigators including
Sergeant Lamadrid.
● The GOMBURZA were prosecuted in a court-martial and given a
death sentence by strangling.
● Patriots like Antonio Ma and Joaquin Pardo de Tavera. Regidor,
Jose, and Pio Basa, along with other abogados, had their licenses
to practice law suspended by the Audencia (High Court), were
apprehended, and received life sentences on Marianas Island.
● Additionally, Governor Izquierdo ordered the dissolution of the
local artillery regiments and the formation of an artillery force
made up of of Peninsulares.

12. The GOMBURZA were put to death in an effort by
the Spanish government and Frailocracia to
terrorize the Filipino people into never engaging in
such a risky deed once more.

13. A Response to Injustice:
The Filipino Version of the Incident
● A Filipino scholar and researcher, wrote the
Filipino version of the bloody incident in
Cavite.
● In his point of view, the incident was a mere
mutiny by the native Filipino soldiers and
laborers of the Cavite arsenal who turned
out to be dissatisfied with the abolition of
their privileges.
Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo Pardo de Tavera

14. Whatled the mutiny of the Filipinos?
1) Gov. Izquierdo abolished the privileges of the workers
and native army members of the arsenal such as:
● Their exemption to pay tribute
● Their exemption from forced labor or polo y servicio.
○ Polo y servicio was a practice employed by Spanish
colonizers for over 250 years that required the forced labor
of all Filipino males from 16 to 60 years old for 40-day
periods.
2) Gov. Izquierdo ceased the prohibition of the founding of
school of arts and trades for the Filipinos.

15. Filipino Accounts on 1872
● On January 20, 1872, a group of roughly 200 troops, arsenal
workers, and Cavite locals led by Sergeant Lamadrid took up
weapons and killed the commanding commander and any
Spanish officials they could see.
● Unfortunately, the insurgents didn't receive the backing they had
anticipated from the majority of the army.
● As soon as word of the mutiny reached the Manila authorities,
Gen. Izquierdo ordered the urgent reinforcement of Spanish
troops in Cavite. The rebellion was officially deemed to have been
put down after two days.

16. GOMBURZA
● They were well-known priests from the
Philippines accused of treason and
sedition.
● In an effort to suppress the movement of
secular priests who wanted to establish
their own parishes rather than serve as
helpers to the regular friars, the Spanish
church linked the priests to the mutiny.

17. February 17, 1872
While members of the local clergy led by the
GOMBURZA were convicted and put to death by
garrote, educated men who participated in the
insurrection were found guilty and given life sentences.
Garrote - death by strangulation, typically with an iron
collar or a length of wire or cord.

18. The death of the GOMBURZA fathers was a scene
purportedly witnessed by young Jose Rizal. Although
terrible, this event was one of the driving causes behind
Filipino nationalism and eventually to the outbreak of the
Philippine Revolution in 1896.

19. Unraveling the Truth
1. The abolishment of privileges of the native army as well
as the arsenal workers caused major dissatisfaction.
2. Gen. Izquierdo implemented tough and restrictive rules
that caused the Filipinos to turn against the Spanish
authority out of disdain.
3. Instead of conducting an inquiry into what actually
happened, the Central Government relied on reports
from Gen. Izquierdo and the friars as well as the public's
perception.

20. 4. The friars' happy days already ended in 1872 when the Spanish
Central Government decided to strip them of the authority to
oversee and manage schools, as well as to intervene in
governmental issues, which led them to act frantically to prolong
their presence and influence.
5. In order to enable Filipino priests to seize control of the parishes
in the nation and make them vulnerable to the wrath of the friars,
the members of the Filipino clergy actively engaged in the
secularization campaign.
6. At the time, Filipinos were involved and reacted to what they saw
as injustices.

21. 7. Last but not least, the killing of GOMBURZA was a mistake
on the side of the Spanish authorities since it ended
Filipino animosity and motivated Filipino patriots to
demand changes and finally independence.

22. Conclusion
● There are various accounts of what happened in 1872,
but surely, the two events left a major influence in the
Filipino nationalism which eventually led to the historical
Philippine Revolution in 1898.
● Although tragic, these events serve as a source of
inspiration that is very much significant in today’s culture
as it greatly affected the values, beliefs and rights of the
Filipino people.

23. GROUP 2
Members:
• Matt Ezekiel Floralde
• Jessa Albaniel
• Cj Gare
• Jerald Romerosa Buhatin
• Jissete Rodillo
• Justine Jane Costa
• Rome Vecino
• Venedict Macamay
• Zairell Joy Vidallo

24. References:
Ang Supremo. (2020, January 19). Tunay na kasaysayan sa likod ng Cavite
mutiny [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oOg_kSL3o5I
GenEd_Batoon. (2021, March 10). Cavite Mutiny (Tagalog Discussion) [Video].
YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81-aQbtj4Ho
Piedad-Pugay, C. A. (2012, September 5). The Two Faces of the 1872 Cavite
Mutiny. National Historical Commission of the Philippines.
https://nhcp.gov.ph/the-two-faces-of-the-1872-cavite-mutiny/
Xiao Chua. (2021, February 18). Xiao Talks: Rise of the Nation, The Martyrdom of
GomBurZa (Rizal Park PARKumentary, courtesy: NPDC) [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_1pOhNbcSc