The document discusses the relationship between language, thought, and culture. It explores the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which claims that the language we speak shapes how we think. The document examines the work of Sapir and Whorf, who argued that different languages lead to different worldviews. As evidence, it analyzes Whorf's study of the Hopi language and his claim that it conveyed a different concept of time than English. While the strong version of linguistic determinism has been debunked, evidence suggests there may be weaker "Whorfian effects," where language predisposes certain ways of thinking.
Language is more than just a means of communication. It influences our culture and even our thought processes. During the first four decades of the 20th century, language was viewed by American linguists and anthropologists as being more important than it actually is in shaping our perception of reality. This was mostly due to Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Whorf who said that language predetermines what we see in the world around us. In other words, language acts like a polarizing lens on a camera in filtering reality--we see the real world only in the categories of our language.
The document discusses the relationship between language, culture, and thought. It makes three key points:
1. Language is a system of symbols that allows humans to communicate and transmit culture. Different cultures have different languages that reflect their worldviews.
2. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that the structure of a language influences its speakers' worldview or cognition. It exists in a strong version of linguistic determinism and weak version of linguistic relativity.
3. While language influences thought, strong determinist views have been criticized. Languages change, and speakers can conceptualize beyond their language's structure through manipulation of symbols. Thought is not fully constrained by any one language.
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis proposes that the language we speak influences the way we think. It consists of two principles: linguistic determinism, which claims language determines thought patterns, and linguistic relativity, which claims different languages lead to different conceptualizations of the world. While it suggests translation between languages can be difficult or impossible, universalists argue we can translate ideas between any languages. Moderate versions of the hypothesis state language influences but does not determine thought, and both language and culture influence each other. Studies have explored how different languages categorize concepts like time, color, and counting systems.
The document provides an overview of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, which proposes that the language we speak influences how we think. It discusses key theorists like Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf and their views on linguistic relativity. The hypothesis is evaluated, with some seeing language as heavily influencing thought (strong version) and others seeing it as having partial or less influence (weak version). Criticisms of the strong version are outlined, such as the translatability of concepts between languages and existence of pre-linguistic thought in babies. Studies on color perception across languages are discussed as examples used to support or critique the hypothesis.
This document provides an overview of sociolinguistics, defining it as the study of language in relation to society. It discusses key concepts like speech communities, prestige varieties, and language contact. The main representatives discussed are William Labov and Basil Bernstein. Methodologies introduced by Labov are also summarized, including the use of minimal pairs, word lists, and interviews to study language variation. The document emphasizes the importance of sociolinguistics for understanding language variations and its relevance for teaching foreign languages.
These slides are the relationship between language, culture and thought as Ronald Wardhaugh has discussed in "An Introduction to Sociolinguistics". The examples have been provided from the Pakistani context and culture.
Human beings do not live alone in the world and language plays a key role in how people understand reality. According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, the language we speak completely determines how we think and perceive the world, with no true translation possible between languages. More moderate versions hold that language influences thought but does not determine it entirely, and different languages may influence how their speakers perceive some concepts like time, numbers, or colors. Many studies have investigated this hypothesis but have found both supporting and non-supporting evidence.
Language varieties refer to different forms of a language influenced by social factors such as situation, occupation, age, geography, education, gender, social status, and ethnicity. There are several types of language varieties including dialects, registers, pidgins, and creoles. A dialect is a variety of a language used in a specific region or social class. Registers are varieties used in different situations based on formality. A pidgin is a simplified mixed language with reduced vocabulary and grammar used for communication between speakers of different languages, while a creole develops when a pidgin becomes the primary language of a group and acquires more complex grammar.
Language is more than just a means of communication. It influences our culture and even our thought processes. During the first four decades of the 20th century, language was viewed by American linguists and anthropologists as being more important than it actually is in shaping our perception of reality. This was mostly due to Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Whorf who said that language predetermines what we see in the world around us. In other words, language acts like a polarizing lens on a camera in filtering reality--we see the real world only in the categories of our language.
The document discusses the relationship between language, culture, and thought. It makes three key points:
1. Language is a system of symbols that allows humans to communicate and transmit culture. Different cultures have different languages that reflect their worldviews.
2. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that the structure of a language influences its speakers' worldview or cognition. It exists in a strong version of linguistic determinism and weak version of linguistic relativity.
3. While language influences thought, strong determinist views have been criticized. Languages change, and speakers can conceptualize beyond their language's structure through manipulation of symbols. Thought is not fully constrained by any one language.
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis proposes that the language we speak influences the way we think. It consists of two principles: linguistic determinism, which claims language determines thought patterns, and linguistic relativity, which claims different languages lead to different conceptualizations of the world. While it suggests translation between languages can be difficult or impossible, universalists argue we can translate ideas between any languages. Moderate versions of the hypothesis state language influences but does not determine thought, and both language and culture influence each other. Studies have explored how different languages categorize concepts like time, color, and counting systems.
The document provides an overview of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, which proposes that the language we speak influences how we think. It discusses key theorists like Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf and their views on linguistic relativity. The hypothesis is evaluated, with some seeing language as heavily influencing thought (strong version) and others seeing it as having partial or less influence (weak version). Criticisms of the strong version are outlined, such as the translatability of concepts between languages and existence of pre-linguistic thought in babies. Studies on color perception across languages are discussed as examples used to support or critique the hypothesis.
This document provides an overview of sociolinguistics, defining it as the study of language in relation to society. It discusses key concepts like speech communities, prestige varieties, and language contact. The main representatives discussed are William Labov and Basil Bernstein. Methodologies introduced by Labov are also summarized, including the use of minimal pairs, word lists, and interviews to study language variation. The document emphasizes the importance of sociolinguistics for understanding language variations and its relevance for teaching foreign languages.
These slides are the relationship between language, culture and thought as Ronald Wardhaugh has discussed in "An Introduction to Sociolinguistics". The examples have been provided from the Pakistani context and culture.
Human beings do not live alone in the world and language plays a key role in how people understand reality. According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, the language we speak completely determines how we think and perceive the world, with no true translation possible between languages. More moderate versions hold that language influences thought but does not determine it entirely, and different languages may influence how their speakers perceive some concepts like time, numbers, or colors. Many studies have investigated this hypothesis but have found both supporting and non-supporting evidence.
Language varieties refer to different forms of a language influenced by social factors such as situation, occupation, age, geography, education, gender, social status, and ethnicity. There are several types of language varieties including dialects, registers, pidgins, and creoles. A dialect is a variety of a language used in a specific region or social class. Registers are varieties used in different situations based on formality. A pidgin is a simplified mixed language with reduced vocabulary and grammar used for communication between speakers of different languages, while a creole develops when a pidgin becomes the primary language of a group and acquires more complex grammar.
This slide represents the history of the Sapir Whorf Hypothesis, the two opposite theories ( the coack and the mould) and some exampes given by some schoars.
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis proposes that the structure of a language affects its speakers' worldview or cognition. It includes two principles: 1) Linguistic determinism, that language determines thought, and 2) Linguistic relativity, that different languages encourage different ways of understanding the world. Debate exists around whether language truly determines thought or just influences it. While some studies support the hypothesis, others have found universal patterns of thought across languages. The hypothesis remains an area of interest in linguistics but is seen as too extreme in its strongest claims.
This document discusses the relationship between language, culture, and thought. It makes three key points:
1. Culture can be defined as the knowledge that is learned from other people, either through direct instruction or observation. Since language is learned from others, it is closely connected to culture.
2. Concepts and meanings that underlie language are based on a person's general knowledge and concepts. Understanding language relies on shared knowledge between speakers and listeners.
3. Some concepts and categories may be organized differently in different languages due to cultural differences. While core meanings of words are often shared across languages and cultures, there can be variation, especially in more peripheral concepts. Prototypes provide a framework for analyzing these differences
The document summarizes the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which proposes that the language we speak influences our worldview. It discusses early thinkers on this idea like Sapir and Whorf and divides the hypothesis into linguistic determinism, where language determines thought, and linguistic relativity, where language influences thought. It provides examples used by Whorf to support this idea and later criticism of his work from thinkers like Pinker and Fromkin for not providing sufficient evidence and misunderstanding concepts like the Hopi language and time.
This document provides an overview of sociolinguistics and key concepts in the field. It discusses how sociolinguistics goes beyond linguistic structure to understand the relationship between language and social structure. Some key points made include:
- Sociolinguistics aims to better understand how linguistic structure and language function in communication by studying language in relation to society.
- Factors like region can lead to variation in vocabulary between dialects of the same language.
- The boundaries between languages and dialects are not clear-cut, and concepts like size and mutual intelligibility are relative rather than absolute criteria.
- A standard language undergoes a process of selection, codification, elaboration and acceptance to become a national language.
The standard language is associated with prestige, education, public life, science, law, politics, and religion. It is taught as a second language to foreigners and used by educated speakers. While there are some varieties that become more prestigious, no variety is inherently better than others - they are all different. Dialects refer to grammatical and phonological features that vary regionally and are known for stereotyped pronunciations. Isoglosses identify dialect boundaries by representing the line between areas with differing speech. A dialect continuum is a group of mutually intelligible dialects that differ more as geographic distance increases. Bilingualism can result from regional variation or personal background, while language planning often assumes countries are monolingual and includes all
1. The document discusses the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which proposes that the structure of a language influences its speakers' worldview and cognition. It describes studies showing how the categories used in a language to describe colors can influence color perception.
2. The text also introduces the concepts of "etic" and "emic" categories used in anthropology. Etic categories describe objective reality while emic categories reflect a culture's subjective perceptions based on its language and beliefs.
3. Finally, it discusses how semiotics studies how signs and their relationships construct meaning. Differences in how languages use signs can lead to divergent interpretations between cultures.
Hi There, please kindly use my PPT for powering your learning, please let me know if you want to discuss more.
Email : silviananda.putrierito@gmail.com
The document discusses four inadequate notions about the relationship between thought, language, and speech:
1) Speech production is fundamental to thought. This is rejected because thought precedes speech in children and some think without speaking.
2) Language is necessary for thought. This is rejected because deaf people and animals think without language.
3) One's language determines one's views of nature. This is rejected because the same language can have changing meanings and multilinguals have different views.
4) One's language determines one's culture. This is rejected because the same language can describe different cultures and different languages can share cultural views.
The document argues that language influences thought by providing new ideas, changing beliefs
This document discusses the key properties of human language: displacement which refers to language's ability to refer to past and future events; arbitrariness meaning there is no natural connection between a word's meaning and its sound; cultural transmission whereby language is acquired through culture not genes; productivity allowing for new words and descriptions; and duality referring to language being both written and spoken. Examples are given like bees communicating location through dances while humans can discuss abstract concepts. Onomatopoeia is noted as an exception where the sound imitates the meaning. The conclusion reiterates language's complex and unique nature distinguishing humans.
The document discusses the concept of speech communities. It defines a speech community as a group of people who share similar language ideas, uses and norms. It notes that members of a speech community use language according to a set of shared norms and characteristics. The document outlines key elements of speech communities including population, area, facilities, identification and interaction. It also discusses sociolinguistic variables that can cause one to belong to one speech community and not another, such as age, social class, education and others.
This document discusses the topic of sociolinguistics. It defines sociolinguistics as the study of language use in society and how language interacts with and helps shape social structures. The document outlines three subcategories of sociolinguistic study: micro-sociolinguistics, macro-sociolinguistics, and three areas of sociolinguistic research - language variation, language contact, and linguistic relativity. It provides examples of research within these areas and discusses implications for language teaching.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociolinguistics. It discusses Chomsky's views on competence and performance, Saussure's distinction between langue and parole, and Hymes' concept of communicative competence. It also covers variation in language, the relationship between language and identity, language and solidarity, and idiolects. Additionally, it summarizes the Whorfian hypothesis, discusses micro and macro-sociolinguistics, compares linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics, and outlines some key methodological issues like data collection techniques and research design. Presentations on specific topics are scheduled for the next session.
Language attitudes can influence how people communicate and perceive others. Semantic shift describes how word meanings change over time, such as "girl" shifting from a general child to specifically referring to females. Semantic derogation occurs when a word carries different positive or negative connotations when applied to different genders. Social identity theory and communication accommodation theory examine how language influences social interactions and perceptions of convergence or divergence from others.
1) English has become a global language with more non-native speakers than native speakers. It is spoken by over 1.5 billion people worldwide and is used extensively in business, science, and pop culture.
2) Braj Kachru coined the term "World Englishes" to describe the diverse varieties of English that have developed as the language has spread globally. While traditionally only British English was considered the standard, Kachru argued that local Englishes have developed their own rules and norms.
3) English is becoming localized in many countries, taking on aspects of local languages and cultures while still providing a common means of global communication. It is growing as a means of cultural expression rather than solely as
The document discusses language and ethnicity. It defines ethnicity as being identified with a group descended from common ancestors who share cultural traits like language, religion, and dress. Ethnic varieties of English arise from the languages of immigrant groups and can influence mainstream English over time through the spread of lexical and grammatical features. The document asks questions about ethnic identity and the relationship between ethnicity and language, and provides examples of characteristics and influences on ethnic varieties of English in the US and expressions that have spread to mainstream English from ethnic varieties.
The document defines key concepts in the study of language variation:
Varieties are sets of linguistic features associated with a group. Dialects differ grammatically and lexically from other varieties and are associated with a social group. Accents only differ in pronunciation. Styles vary based on social situations. Dialect contact from communication between groups can lead to dialect mixture and the formation of new dialects or koines. Registers are varieties associated with topics or activities.
Language and culture have a close relationship. Language allows culture to be transmitted between generations and helps establish communities through shared identities. While culture can influence the structure and vocabulary of a language, language also shapes thought and perceptions of reality according to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Different languages categorize concepts like time, kinship, colors and animals in distinct ways according to their cultures. The document provides examples of how vocabulary and meanings of words vary between cultures and languages.
This document discusses the relationship between language and thought. It presents several perspectives on this relationship, including:
1) Classical theorists like Plato argued that thought determines language, while others like Watson believed thought is language.
2) A view called linguistic determinism holds that language determines thought and cognitive categories. A weaker view is linguistic relativism, that language influences but does not determine thought.
3) The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes linguistic determinism and relativity, that language influences or determines perception of reality. Evidence from languages like Hopi, Inuit, and Navaho are presented to support these ideas. However, critics argue linguistic determinism is too strong and perception can be expressed without exact words
This slide represents the history of the Sapir Whorf Hypothesis, the two opposite theories ( the coack and the mould) and some exampes given by some schoars.
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis proposes that the structure of a language affects its speakers' worldview or cognition. It includes two principles: 1) Linguistic determinism, that language determines thought, and 2) Linguistic relativity, that different languages encourage different ways of understanding the world. Debate exists around whether language truly determines thought or just influences it. While some studies support the hypothesis, others have found universal patterns of thought across languages. The hypothesis remains an area of interest in linguistics but is seen as too extreme in its strongest claims.
This document discusses the relationship between language, culture, and thought. It makes three key points:
1. Culture can be defined as the knowledge that is learned from other people, either through direct instruction or observation. Since language is learned from others, it is closely connected to culture.
2. Concepts and meanings that underlie language are based on a person's general knowledge and concepts. Understanding language relies on shared knowledge between speakers and listeners.
3. Some concepts and categories may be organized differently in different languages due to cultural differences. While core meanings of words are often shared across languages and cultures, there can be variation, especially in more peripheral concepts. Prototypes provide a framework for analyzing these differences
The document summarizes the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which proposes that the language we speak influences our worldview. It discusses early thinkers on this idea like Sapir and Whorf and divides the hypothesis into linguistic determinism, where language determines thought, and linguistic relativity, where language influences thought. It provides examples used by Whorf to support this idea and later criticism of his work from thinkers like Pinker and Fromkin for not providing sufficient evidence and misunderstanding concepts like the Hopi language and time.
This document provides an overview of sociolinguistics and key concepts in the field. It discusses how sociolinguistics goes beyond linguistic structure to understand the relationship between language and social structure. Some key points made include:
- Sociolinguistics aims to better understand how linguistic structure and language function in communication by studying language in relation to society.
- Factors like region can lead to variation in vocabulary between dialects of the same language.
- The boundaries between languages and dialects are not clear-cut, and concepts like size and mutual intelligibility are relative rather than absolute criteria.
- A standard language undergoes a process of selection, codification, elaboration and acceptance to become a national language.
The standard language is associated with prestige, education, public life, science, law, politics, and religion. It is taught as a second language to foreigners and used by educated speakers. While there are some varieties that become more prestigious, no variety is inherently better than others - they are all different. Dialects refer to grammatical and phonological features that vary regionally and are known for stereotyped pronunciations. Isoglosses identify dialect boundaries by representing the line between areas with differing speech. A dialect continuum is a group of mutually intelligible dialects that differ more as geographic distance increases. Bilingualism can result from regional variation or personal background, while language planning often assumes countries are monolingual and includes all
1. The document discusses the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which proposes that the structure of a language influences its speakers' worldview and cognition. It describes studies showing how the categories used in a language to describe colors can influence color perception.
2. The text also introduces the concepts of "etic" and "emic" categories used in anthropology. Etic categories describe objective reality while emic categories reflect a culture's subjective perceptions based on its language and beliefs.
3. Finally, it discusses how semiotics studies how signs and their relationships construct meaning. Differences in how languages use signs can lead to divergent interpretations between cultures.
Hi There, please kindly use my PPT for powering your learning, please let me know if you want to discuss more.
Email : silviananda.putrierito@gmail.com
The document discusses four inadequate notions about the relationship between thought, language, and speech:
1) Speech production is fundamental to thought. This is rejected because thought precedes speech in children and some think without speaking.
2) Language is necessary for thought. This is rejected because deaf people and animals think without language.
3) One's language determines one's views of nature. This is rejected because the same language can have changing meanings and multilinguals have different views.
4) One's language determines one's culture. This is rejected because the same language can describe different cultures and different languages can share cultural views.
The document argues that language influences thought by providing new ideas, changing beliefs
This document discusses the key properties of human language: displacement which refers to language's ability to refer to past and future events; arbitrariness meaning there is no natural connection between a word's meaning and its sound; cultural transmission whereby language is acquired through culture not genes; productivity allowing for new words and descriptions; and duality referring to language being both written and spoken. Examples are given like bees communicating location through dances while humans can discuss abstract concepts. Onomatopoeia is noted as an exception where the sound imitates the meaning. The conclusion reiterates language's complex and unique nature distinguishing humans.
The document discusses the concept of speech communities. It defines a speech community as a group of people who share similar language ideas, uses and norms. It notes that members of a speech community use language according to a set of shared norms and characteristics. The document outlines key elements of speech communities including population, area, facilities, identification and interaction. It also discusses sociolinguistic variables that can cause one to belong to one speech community and not another, such as age, social class, education and others.
This document discusses the topic of sociolinguistics. It defines sociolinguistics as the study of language use in society and how language interacts with and helps shape social structures. The document outlines three subcategories of sociolinguistic study: micro-sociolinguistics, macro-sociolinguistics, and three areas of sociolinguistic research - language variation, language contact, and linguistic relativity. It provides examples of research within these areas and discusses implications for language teaching.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociolinguistics. It discusses Chomsky's views on competence and performance, Saussure's distinction between langue and parole, and Hymes' concept of communicative competence. It also covers variation in language, the relationship between language and identity, language and solidarity, and idiolects. Additionally, it summarizes the Whorfian hypothesis, discusses micro and macro-sociolinguistics, compares linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics, and outlines some key methodological issues like data collection techniques and research design. Presentations on specific topics are scheduled for the next session.
Language attitudes can influence how people communicate and perceive others. Semantic shift describes how word meanings change over time, such as "girl" shifting from a general child to specifically referring to females. Semantic derogation occurs when a word carries different positive or negative connotations when applied to different genders. Social identity theory and communication accommodation theory examine how language influences social interactions and perceptions of convergence or divergence from others.
1) English has become a global language with more non-native speakers than native speakers. It is spoken by over 1.5 billion people worldwide and is used extensively in business, science, and pop culture.
2) Braj Kachru coined the term "World Englishes" to describe the diverse varieties of English that have developed as the language has spread globally. While traditionally only British English was considered the standard, Kachru argued that local Englishes have developed their own rules and norms.
3) English is becoming localized in many countries, taking on aspects of local languages and cultures while still providing a common means of global communication. It is growing as a means of cultural expression rather than solely as
The document discusses language and ethnicity. It defines ethnicity as being identified with a group descended from common ancestors who share cultural traits like language, religion, and dress. Ethnic varieties of English arise from the languages of immigrant groups and can influence mainstream English over time through the spread of lexical and grammatical features. The document asks questions about ethnic identity and the relationship between ethnicity and language, and provides examples of characteristics and influences on ethnic varieties of English in the US and expressions that have spread to mainstream English from ethnic varieties.
The document defines key concepts in the study of language variation:
Varieties are sets of linguistic features associated with a group. Dialects differ grammatically and lexically from other varieties and are associated with a social group. Accents only differ in pronunciation. Styles vary based on social situations. Dialect contact from communication between groups can lead to dialect mixture and the formation of new dialects or koines. Registers are varieties associated with topics or activities.
Language and culture have a close relationship. Language allows culture to be transmitted between generations and helps establish communities through shared identities. While culture can influence the structure and vocabulary of a language, language also shapes thought and perceptions of reality according to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Different languages categorize concepts like time, kinship, colors and animals in distinct ways according to their cultures. The document provides examples of how vocabulary and meanings of words vary between cultures and languages.
This document discusses the relationship between language and thought. It presents several perspectives on this relationship, including:
1) Classical theorists like Plato argued that thought determines language, while others like Watson believed thought is language.
2) A view called linguistic determinism holds that language determines thought and cognitive categories. A weaker view is linguistic relativism, that language influences but does not determine thought.
3) The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes linguistic determinism and relativity, that language influences or determines perception of reality. Evidence from languages like Hopi, Inuit, and Navaho are presented to support these ideas. However, critics argue linguistic determinism is too strong and perception can be expressed without exact words
Traditional Grammar was in the 19th century that historical language study began to meet the criteria of scientificness and only in the 20th century that the study of contemporary languages became scientific in today’s sense of the word.
This document discusses the relationship between language and thought. It presents several perspectives on this relationship:
- Classical theorists like Plato argued that thought determines language, while others like J.B. Watson believed thought is language.
- Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf proposed the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which suggests language influences or determines thought. For example, the structure of a language influences how speakers of that language view the world.
- There is evidence that different languages categorize and describe concepts like time, colors, and snow differently, potentially influencing thought. However, critics argue linguistic determinism is too strong and thought is not entirely constrained by language.
- The relationship is complex
The document discusses how language may influence thought and behavior. It provides examples of how the words used in different languages can shape perceptions of concepts like color. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that the structure of a language affects how its speakers think and experience the world. While early studies provided examples of this, their methods were questionable and criticisms have been made. More rigorous experiments on topics like color identification have found some support for the idea that language influences cognition, but the degree of this effect is still debated.
The document discusses how language may influence thought and behavior. It provides examples of how different languages categorize concepts like colors differently, using kinship terms to reflect cultural values, and acquiring communicative competence to understand social norms. While early studies by Whorf and Sapir supported the idea that language shapes thought, their work has also faced criticisms over questionable methodology. More recent experiments testing this Sapir-Whorf hypothesis have yielded mixed results.
The document discusses the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which proposes that the structure of a language influences its speakers' worldview or cognition. It describes Benjamin Whorf observing that people's behaviors correlated with the labels used in their language. For example, signs labeled "EMPTY" prompted people to carelessly toss cigarettes in gasoline drums. The document also discusses debates around strong vs. weak versions of the hypothesis and examples showing how language can influence associations and categorization.
The document discusses the linguistic determinism theory proposed by Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf, known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. It states that the structure of a language affects its speakers' worldview or cognition. Specifically, it introduces the idea that language determines or influences thought, that language categories and structures condition the ways in which people think, and that speakers of different languages think and perceive reality in different ways. The document uses the example of Eskimo languages having different words for types of snow to illustrate how languages can categorize the world differently.
Language Is An Innate Function Of Human NatureJenny Smith
The document discusses the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which proposes that the language we speak shapes how we think. It outlines both the pros and cons of this hypothesis. On the one hand, some evidence from studies on color categorization and spatial frameworks seem to support the idea that language influences thought. However, critics argue that the hypothesis is too extreme since people can still understand concepts that their language may not directly translate. Overall, the document presents a balanced view of the ongoing debate around the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
The document summarizes the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which proposes that the language we speak influences how we think and perceive the world. It discusses the origins of the hypothesis in the work of linguists Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf. While early versions argued that language determines thought, most modern linguists believe language influences thought to some degree. Experimental evidence provides some support, such as studies finding speakers of languages with fewer color terms have trouble distinguishing similar colors. However, the strongest versions of the hypothesis have also faced criticism from studies of how humans process and store information.
A brief overview of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. COMM 1800 @ Clemson University.
WORKS CITED:
Jandt, Fred Edmund. An Introduction to Intercultural Communication: Identities in a Global Community. SAGE, 2018.
Culture is defined as the set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values and ideas that characterize a society. Language is the primary means of preserving and transmitting culture between generations. There is a close relationship between language and culture - they influence each other. Language reflects the physical and social environment of its culture through vocabulary related to areas like climate, occupations, and kinship terms. Different cultures categorize family relationships differently, and this is reflected in their language.
We refer to to the 4 sources of language origin discussed in George Yule's importance book, The Study of Language. I have added something to the Divine Source; Some Quranic verses have been added to it!
The document discusses several theories about the origins of human language:
1) A divine source where language was given by God or divine beings.
2) A natural sound source where early words imitated animal sounds.
3) A physical adaptation source where human anatomical features evolved for speech.
4) A genetic source where the capacity for language is innate and hardwired in human babies. The document examines evidence and arguments for each theory but recognizes there is no consensus on how and when exactly human language emerged.
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis claims that the structure of a language influences its speakers' worldview or cognition. It comes in two forms: strong determinism, where language completely determines thought, and weak determinism, where language has some influence but not complete determination. The hypothesis is controversial, with critics arguing that thought is not fully constrained by language and that universal concepts allow cross-linguistic understanding. While problematic in its strong form, the hypothesis highlights the relationship between language and culture.
Linguistic anthropology studies language in cultural contexts and how language relates to human biology, cognition and culture. It analyzes particular languages, especially non-Indo-European ones, and describes them in their sociocultural contexts. Key figures who studied this include Sapir, Whorf and Duranti, with Sapir and Whorf developing the influential Sapir-Whorf hypothesis about how language influences thought.
- Franz Boas is considered the father of American anthropology. He established anthropology as the study of human diversity and argued that cultural and linguistic differences must be explained in their historical context.
- Boas' work on Native American languages in the Handbook of American Indian Languages helped establish linguistics as a core part of anthropological research. It showed the diversity of American Indian languages and challenged views of their inferiority.
- Linguistic anthropology emerged to study language as both a structured code and a medium for social life. It brings attention to language use and variation within social and cultural contexts.
The document discusses the classification and typology of human languages. It describes how languages can be classified genetically based on common ancestry or typologically based on structural features. Genetic classification groups languages into language families that descend from a proto-language. Major language families mentioned include Indo-European. Typological classification examines morphological typology based on how languages combine morphemes and syntactic typology based on word order. The document also briefly discusses the origins and types of writing systems.
Similar to ANTH1007 Language, Thought and Culture (20)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
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Article: https://pecb.com/article
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
2. Overview
• Does your language shape how you think?
• Language, thought and culture.
• Sapir-Whorf’s Linguistic Relativity
• Hopi: habitual thought, behavior
and language.
• Debunking linguistic determinism
• Evidence of Whorfian Effects
3. How are language and thought related?
Does your language shape how you think?
4. Language, Thought, and Culture:
Boas, Sapir & Whorf
Boas
• argued against idea that a people were incapable
of abstract thought if their language lacked abstract
terms or logical categories
• All languages and cultures were equally complex and
logical
Sapir
• any language can express whatever meaning
a speaker may wish to communicate; but …
5. Sapir’s ‘Linguistic relativity’
“Human beings…are very much at the mercy of the particular
language which has become the medium of expression of
their society. …The fact of the matter is that the ‘real
world’ is to a large extent built up on the language habits
of the group. …We see and hear and otherwise experience
very largely as we do because the language habits of our
community predispose certain choices of interpretation”
(Sapir, 1929).
• What does it mean to say we are ‘at the mercy of’ the
language we speak?
• How is our experience of the ‘real world’ built upon our
‘language habits’?
6. ‘The Relation of Habitual Thought and Behavior to
Language’: B. L. Whorf
• Benjamin Lee Whorf (1897-1941)
• Student of Sapir’s at Yale
• Elaborated on Sapir’s notion of ‘linguistic relativity’
• Inspired by experience at his day job as insurance inspector for the
Hartford Fire Insurance Company
7. ‘The name of the situation as affecting behavior’
‘Empty’ gasoline drums
Drum w/out gasoline worker smokes cigarette Drum bursts into flames
8. ‘The name of the situation as affecting behavior’
‘Spun limestone’
‘stone’ = noncombustible exposed to heat Insulation catches fire
9. Language as ‘worldview’:
The ‘Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis’
• Whorf claimed that language
constitutes a ‘worldview’ for
speakers
• Grammatical categories (e.g.,
plurality, number, tenses, gender,
classification of nouns, etc.) are
based on and provide particular
ways of interpreting experience
(e.g., of time, space, matter, etc.)
• Influenced by Einstein’s Theory of
Relativity – Sapir Whorf
hypothesis also known as
‘Linguistic relativity’
• Evidence from Hopi language
10. ‘The Relation of Habitual Thought and Behavior
to Language’: Hopi
12. The concept of ‘time’ in Hopi and English?
• Whorf claimed that Hopi has a very different concept of time
than English or other ‘standard average European’ (SAE)
languages
• Whereas English et al. objectifies time as a ‘thing’ and treats
it metaphorically as existing in space, Hopi preserves a more
basic experience of the cyclicity of time and of time as a
process of ‘becoming later’
• Based his claim on differences in the grammatical patterns of
Hopi and English, i.e., plurals and verb tenses.
13. Plurality in SAE and Hopi
SAE:
• Use of cardinal numbers with real and imaginary plurals,
e.g., ‘day’ counted as an object, a ‘length of time:
‘three days’
Hopi:
• Use of ordinal numbers with units of time, e.g., ‘day’
experienced as cyclicity (i.e., the same day recurring over
and over):
‘payistala’ or ‘the third day’
[‘paayo’ (three) ‘s’ (times) ‘taala’ (daylight) ‘three-times-
daylight’]
14. Temporal forms of verbs
in SAE and Hopi
SAE:
• ‘Three-tense’ verbal system: past, present, and future
• Spatial metaphor of time as moving through space out of past
(behind) into present (deictic center) towards future (front)
Hopi:
• ‘Two tense’ verbal system: future (-ni) non-future ( Ø or -ngwu)
• Subjective experience of time as ‘getting later’and of events as
‘later’ or ‘earlier’ – expressed by temporal adverbs
15. Did Whorf Claim that
Hopi lacks a concept of time?
• Controversy over Whorf’s claims about (and knowledge of) Hopi
• Some took him as saying Hopi doesn’t have a concept of time – still
the basis of common myth about the Hopi
• Some linguists have sought to disprove Whorf citing evidence that
Hopi language does have tenses and does express time through spatial
metaphors.
• Anthropologists have countered that Whorf never claimed that Hopi
didn’t have a concept of time, just that it was different from English
• Bourne out by same evidence e.g., in having a future non–future
distinction; temporal adverbs have spatial aspects (something that
happened or is happening far away is described as being distant in time
or having taken place long ago).
16. Habitual behavior features of SAE culture
How is the treatment of time
as an OBJECT reflected in
features of SAE culture?
– Cultural practices of
measuring time
– Historicity
– pro rata allocation of
value to time
17. Habitual behavior features of Hopi Culture
How is the treatment of time as an
EVENT (‘becoming later’)
reflected in features of Hopi culture?
– Persistence: e.g., Butterfly dance
– Cultural practices of preparation:
• Outer preparation: i.e., for
crops na’twani
• Inner preparation: e.g., prayer
pipe na’twanpi
– Announcing (Crier Chief)
– Precautions and ‘good will’
18. Discussion Questions
• Think of some common phrases related to time in English (e.g., ‘time is
money,’ ‘tomorrow is another day’)? What would some equivalent
phrases be in Hopi?
• How would a speaker of Hopi have experienced living in SAE society?
What differences would they have noticed?
• How would a speaker of a SAE language have experienced living among
the Hopi? What differences would they have noticed?
• Do modern Hopi still conceive of time differently than most SAEs?
• Do you think the way the Hopi language deals with time is an obstacle to
Hopi adapting to the ‘modern’ world?
21. Debunking Sapir-Whorf (Strong version)
• Unidirectional influence
• Language determines thought
FALSE
Language Thought
22. Debunking ‘Strong’ Linguistic Determinism
• The Lexical Poverty Myth:‘Language X has no word for
Y’meme
• Example: ‘There is no word for thank you in Dothraki’
• For examples and debunking of this myth see the article on
Mark Liberman’s (UPenn) Language Log:
http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1081
23. Debunking ‘Strong’ Linguistic Determinism
President Reagan’s claim that ‘Russian has no word for
‘freedom’’
Really?
English-Russian dictionary:
‘freedom’ = svobóda
24. “The great Eskimo vocabulary hoax”
• “The Eskimos have a dozen words for snow.”
• Boas recorded 4 roots for snow in Eskimo language: aput
(‘snow on the ground), gana (‘falling snow’), piqsirpoq
(‘drifting snow’) and qimuqsuq (‘a snow drift’)
• Whorf claimed that, for the Eskimo, one catch-all word for
snow would be ‘unthinkable’
• But doesn’t mean you can’t understand
distinctions just because your language
doesn’t mark them.
• Cf. Nepali words for English ‘rice’
26. Can language control thought?
Orwell’s Nineteen-Eighty Four
“It was intended that when Newspeak
had been adopted,… a heretical
thought should be literally
unthinkable, in so far as thought is
dependent on words. … The word
free still existed in Newspeak but it
could not be used in its old sense of
‘politically free’ or ‘intellectually
free’…since political and
intellectual freedom no longer
existed even as concepts, and were
therefore of necessity nameless”
(Orwell, 1948).
27. Linguistic Relativity (Weak version)
• Axiom: ‘Language thought and culture influence one
another in a flexible, mutually constitutive way’
• Language may predispose certain ways of thinking or
cultural practices (‘Whorfian Effects’)
Language
Thought Culture
28. Evidence for ‘Whorfian Effects’:
Where to look?
• Language-in-general:
– language as prerequisite for development of ‘Theory of
Mind’
• Language structures:
– semantic domains (color, space)
– grammatical categories (gender, plurals)
• Language use (discursive relativity):
– e.g., ‘technostrategic’ discourse (Cohn, 1987)
29. Evidence for ‘Whorfian Effects’:
Semantic domain of color
• The color spectrum:
• Biological and cultural aspect to perception of color(s)
30. Berlin & Kay’s (1969)
Implicational hierarchy of color terms
• txt
31. Differences in perception of color(s):
Color terms
Full spectrum
W, B, R
W, B, R, Y
W, B, R, Y, GR, (G, B)
W, B, R, Y, G, B, P
32. ‘Whorfian Effect’: Color
English Russian
sinii
blue
goluboy
• Russian speakers must distinguish shade of blue every time
they describe something ‘blue’
• Effect - Russian speakers are quicker at distinguishing
between light and dark blue
33. ‘Whorfian Effect’: Color & Gender
• Claim: Women have more terms for colors than men, thus perceive
more differences in color
34. Evidence for ‘Whorfian Effects’:
Semantic domain of space
Spatial coordinate systems:
• Relative: left-right, forward-backward
– E.g., English
• Absolute: north-west-south-east; uphill-downhill,
upstream-downstream
– E.g, Guugu Yimithirr
35. Evidence for ‘Whorfian Effect’:
Spatial frames of reference
• Speakers of languages with absolute coordinate system
have to constantly be aware of their orientation and also
have to remember the orientation of objects they see
• Rotation experiment:
37. Evidence for ‘Whorfian Effects’: Grammatical
gender
• Languages vary in terms of obligatory marking of
grammatical gender (i.e., whether a nouns is ‘masculine’
or ‘feminine’)
• How would you describe a bridge?
strong, slender,
hard, elegant,
rough, graceful?
• German speakers (die Brücke = f.): slender, elegant
• Spanish Speakers (el puente = m.): hard, rough
38. Evidence for ‘Whorfian Effect’:
Shape v. material composition
• Two number-marking patterns in languages: plurals v. unitizers
• Plurals in English v. Yucatec Maya
– English split pattern: plural markers with stable objects;
unitizers with malleable objects
• E.g. ‘one(two) banana(s)’ but ‘one cup of coffee’
– Yucatec Maya continuous pattern: unitizers with stable
and malleable objects
• E.g., one(two) unit(s) of banana’ and ‘one cup of
coffee’
39. ‘Whorfian Effect’: Shape v. material composition
• Prediction: English speakers pay attention to shape of objects;
Yucatec Maya speakers pay attention to the material
composition. (Lucy & Gaskins, 2003)
40. The continuing debate over Whorfian Effects: The
Pirahã
• Pirahã of Amazonia:
• Language has no numbers, no color terms, no pronouns, only basic
kinship terms, and no recursive structures (e.g., ‘the house that Jack
built’)
• According to Everett (2005) the reason is Pirahã cultural constraints on
talking about anything but concrete subjects and the here and now
culture language/thought ?