AnswerDifference In the category of nutrients, there are m.pdf
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Answer: Difference: In the category of nutrients, there are monomers and polymers. Monomers are the \"building blocks\" of large macromolecules, or any molecule chain created through condensation reactions. These are the polymers, three or more monomers bonded together. In the category of carbohydrates, there are monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosacchaides, and polysaccharides. Just from the prefixes, you can tell that the monosaccharides are monomers, the disaccharides are two bonded monomers (monosaccharides) and oligosacchaides and polysaccharides are made up of many monomers (monosaccharides). The monosaccharides are just a single carbon ring (in the natural aqueous environment of an organism). The monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. The disaccharides are two carbon rings bonded together by a glycosidic linkage in a condensation (dehydration) reaction, which removes a molecule of water. Disaccharides include maltose (glucose + glucose), lactose (glucose + galactose), sucrose (glucose + fructose), and more. When we consume food, we are taking in the large polysacchaides such as starch and smaller molecules such as maltose. We take these long molecules and digest them - break up their glycosidic linkages until they are monosaccharides (monomers) that we can absorb throughout out alimentary canal (usually in small intestine) Contrast: Monosaccharides and disaccharides are the two kinds of simple sugars, a form of carbohydrate. In contrast to polysaccharides, which contain three or more sugars and are also known as complex carbohydrates, monosaccharides and disaccharides contain one and two sugars, respectively. Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Disaccharides, by contrast, include sucrose, lactose, and maltose, and these are made up of two monosaccharides bonded together, such as glucose and fructose or even glucose with glucose. Monosaccharides require the least effort by the body to break down and therefore are digested and subsequently available for energy more quickly than disaccharides. Solution Answer: Difference: In the category of nutrients, there are monomers and polymers. Monomers are the \"building blocks\" of large macromolecules, or any molecule chain created through condensation reactions. These are the polymers, three or more monomers bonded together. In the category of carbohydrates, there are monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosacchaides, and polysaccharides. Just from the prefixes, you can tell that the monosaccharides are monomers, the disaccharides are two bonded monomers (monosaccharides) and oligosacchaides and polysaccharides are made up of many monomers (monosaccharides). The monosaccharides are just a single carbon ring (in the natural aqueous environment of an organism). The monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. The disaccharides are two carbon rings bonded together by a glycosidic linkage in a condensation (dehydration) reaction, which removes a.
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TEXT:
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This short document appears to contain only a solution number "106" repeated twice. It does not contain enough contextual information to generate a meaningful multi-sentence summary.
1)volume =pir^2 h=pi2^2 2=8pi cubic yardssurface area =2pi r.pdf
1)volume =pir^2 h
=pi*2^2 *2
=8pi cubic yards
surface area =2pi r h +2pir^2=2pi*2*2 +2*pi*2^2= 16pi square yards
2)area=(1/2)*base*height
=(1/2)*(y+2)*3
=(3/2)*(y+2)
Solution
1)volume =pir^2 h
=pi*2^2 *2
=8pi cubic yards
surface area =2pi r h +2pir^2=2pi*2*2 +2*pi*2^2= 16pi square yards
2)area=(1/2)*base*height
=(1/2)*(y+2)*3
=(3/2)*(y+2).
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Figure 13
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
are macromolecules with which most consumers are somewhat familiar. To lose weight, some individuals adhere to "low-carb" diets. Athletes, in contrast, often "carb-load" before important competitions to ensure that they have sufficient energy to compete at a high level. Carbohydrates are, in fact, an essential part of our diet; grains, fruits, and vegetables are all natural sources of carbohydrates. Carbohydrates provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar. Carbohydrates also have other important functions in humans, animals, and plants.
Carbohydrates can be represented by the formula (CH2O)
n
, where
n
is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen.
CHE507_RAM CHAUHAN-2.pptx
The document presents a book chapter review on carbohydrates from the biochemistry textbook by Dr. U. Satyanarayana and Dr. U. Chakrapani. It discusses the classification of carbohydrates into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, providing examples of each type. The chapter concludes with a summary of the key functions and structures of carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates.siam (ppt file)
This document provides information on carbohydrates including their definition, sources, functions, and classification. Carbohydrates are sugars that break down into glucose and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are obtained from sources like rice, tomatoes, potatoes, and milk. Carbohydrates have important functions like building body tissue, allowing fat to be metabolized, and encouraging healthy gut bacteria. They are classified as monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on whether they undergo hydrolysis. Monosaccharides like glucose cannot be broken down further, while oligosaccharides have 2-9 monosaccharide units and polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides. The main types of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are sugars that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They play important roles in biology. Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) produced by photosynthesis that forms the basis for more complex carbohydrates. Monosaccharides can join to form disaccharides like sucrose (glucose + fructose) or polymers like starch (chains of glucose) and cellulose (chains of glucose forming plant cell walls). The body stores excess glucose as the polysaccharide glycogen in the liver.
Similar to AnswerDifference In the category of nutrients, there are m.pdf (20)
After reading the text, please describe the 3 types of chemical bond.docx
After reading the text, please describe the 3 types of chemical bond.docx
More from himanshukausik409
106Solution106.pdf
This short document appears to contain only a solution number "106" repeated twice. It does not contain enough contextual information to generate a meaningful multi-sentence summary.
1)volume =pir^2 h=pi2^2 2=8pi cubic yardssurface area =2pi r.pdf
1)volume =pir^2 h
=pi*2^2 *2
=8pi cubic yards
surface area =2pi r h +2pir^2=2pi*2*2 +2*pi*2^2= 16pi square yards
2)area=(1/2)*base*height
=(1/2)*(y+2)*3
=(3/2)*(y+2)
Solution
1)volume =pir^2 h
=pi*2^2 *2
=8pi cubic yards
surface area =2pi r h +2pir^2=2pi*2*2 +2*pi*2^2= 16pi square yards
2)area=(1/2)*base*height
=(1/2)*(y+2)*3
=(3/2)*(y+2).
1) Partnerships are considered to be pass-through entities for t.pdf
1) Partnerships are considered to be \"pass-through\" entities for tax purposes.
As parterniship has no separate legal entity in the eye of law, unlike a corporation, its taxes are
not separate from its partners. ll of the profits and losses of the partnership \"pass through\" the
business to the partners, who pay taxes on their share of the profits (or deduct their share of the
losses) on their individual income tax returns. In simple words, parnetrs first get their shared
profit or loss from the operations of the business, then either pay taxes on the shares of profit
individually or get tax return in case of loss individually. And Each partner\'s share of profits and
losses is usually set out in a written partnership agreement, thus the tax also get clear from such
share.
2) Partnership business must file the two forms which are named as : Form 1065 and Schedule
K-1. Form 1065 is filled to provide an informational return the IRS reviews to determine whether
the partners are reporting their income correctly. Schedule K-1 is filled with IRS and to each
partner in order to breaks down each partner\'s share of the business\'s profits and losses.
Yes as stated above, each partner reciev schedule K-1 fro other partners in the partnership.
3) ONce the partners receive the income from the partnership business, they individually reports
this profit and loss information earned from the income on his or her individual tax return (Form
1040), with Schedule E attached. They are obliged to separate enough money to pay taxes on his
share of annual profits. Partners must estimate the amount of tax they will owe for the year and
make payments to the IRS at each quarter -- in April, July, October, and January.
Scedule E is used to report such income to the IRS.
Yes, partners must pay taxes on profits even if those profits are not distributed to the partners.
The IRS demands taxes from the profit thai is income minus expenses of the business regardless
of what the partners withdraw or not from their shares.
4) Distributive Share is the portion of profits to which a partner is entitled under a partnership
agreement -- or under state law, if the partners didn\'t make an agreement. It is usually shared to
the partners according to their ownership interests in the business. Lets say Partner has
contributed 50% of capital in the business; Partner B has contributed 30% and Partner C has
contributed 20%. Then their distributed share will be 50% : 30% : 20% , that is A will receive
60%, B will receive 30% and C will reciev 20% os share in profit or loss.
5) Sometimes an active partners works on behalf of other as well in the conduct of business
operation. For which he gets rumenaration, which is also a kind of income earned from self
employment. THus, here the partner is entitled to pay taxes not only on share of profit but alos
on the income earned this way. This is known as self-employment taxes.
There are some differences between the contributions regular employe.
Thermoplastic polymer is a polymer that turns to .pdf
Thermoplastic polymer is a polymer that turns to a liquid when heated and freezes
to a rigid state when cooled sufficiently. Most thermoplastics are high-molecular-weight
polymers whose chains associate through weak Van der Waals forces (polyethylene); stronger
dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding (nylon); or even stacking of aromatic rings
(polystyrene). Thermoplastic polymers differ from thermosetting polymers (e.g. phenolics,
epoxies) in that they can be remelted and remoulded. Many thermoplastic materials are addition
polymers; e.g., vinyl chain-growth polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; others are
productions of condensation or other forms of polyaddition polymerisation, such as the
polyamides or polyester.
Solution
Thermoplastic polymer is a polymer that turns to a liquid when heated and freezes
to a rigid state when cooled sufficiently. Most thermoplastics are high-molecular-weight
polymers whose chains associate through weak Van der Waals forces (polyethylene); stronger
dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding (nylon); or even stacking of aromatic rings
(polystyrene). Thermoplastic polymers differ from thermosetting polymers (e.g. phenolics,
epoxies) in that they can be remelted and remoulded. Many thermoplastic materials are addition
polymers; e.g., vinyl chain-growth polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; others are
productions of condensation or other forms of polyaddition polymerisation, such as the
polyamides or polyester..
H0Solution H0.pdf
This 3 sentence document does not provide enough contextual information to generate an accurate 3 sentence summary. The document contains only the letters "H0:" repeated twice but no other words, sentences or context. Therefore, a meaningful summary cannot be produced from the limited information given.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 created the PCAOB required that audit.pdf
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 created the PCAOB required that auditors of U.S. public
companies be subject to external and independent oversight.
Part-I-Why is the PCAOB important to the auditors?
PCAOB has the following powers:
Under Section 101 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the PCAOB has the power to:
Hence, it becomes extremely important for the auditors to adhere to the norms issued by
PCAOB.
Part-III-Reason for the reorganization of auditing standards
PCAOB auditing standards consisted of two types of equally authoritative auditing standards: (i)
standards originally issued by the Auditing Standards Board (\"ASB\") of the American Institute
of Certified Public Accountants (\"AICPA\") and adopted by the Board on an interim,
transitional basis in April 2003 and (ii) standards issued by the Board. In April 2003, the Board
adopted, on an interim, transitional basis, generally accepted auditing standards that were in
existence on April 16, 2003.
When the Board adopted those auditing standards, it continued to use the topical organization
and reference numbers (\"AU sections\") in the ASB\'s then-existing codification of its standards.
Auditing standards issued by the Board (\"AS standards\") have not been codified or otherwise
organized by topic, and are numbered in sequential order based upon when they were issued.
Thus far, the Board has issued 18 auditing standards (AS Nos. 1–18), which have superseded 12
interim auditing standards and amended the majority of the remaining interim auditing standards
to varying degrees. As a result, the Board\'s auditing standards are organized using two separate
numbering systems: (i) the numbering system used by the ASB when the Board adopted the
interim standards and (ii) the numbering system used by the Board for the standards it has issued.
The Board undertook a project to consider enhancing the usability of the PCAOB auditing
standards by reorganizing the standards using a single, integrated numbering system and a
topical structure that generally follows the flow of the audit process.
Part II- Examination of the standard after the reorganization
The PCAOB has amended to reorganize the standards substantially as proposed, with some
refinements as described below. Under the reorganization, the individual standards will be
grouped into the following topical categories:
Part IV- Impact of Reorganization on professional auditors
The reorganization of the PCAOB\'s auditing standards under consideration today is an
important step in promoting the investing public\'s interest in audit quality. This reorganization
provides auditors and others a logical framework and easy access to the standards governing the
conduct of audits. Auditors and other users will no longer have to jump back and forth between
what we called \"interim\" standards and PCAOB-issued standards. The reorganization does not
make additional work for auditors. Rather, it should make professional practice easier. We will
now have one set of audit.
The probability that expect to last less than 250 days isP(X250) .pdf
The probability that expect to last less than 250 days is
P(X<250) = P((X-mean)/s <(250-268)/15)
=P(Z<-1.2) =0.1151 (from standard normal table)
So 50*0.1151= 5.755
Take n=6
Solution
The probability that expect to last less than 250 days is
P(X<250) = P((X-mean)/s <(250-268)/15)
=P(Z<-1.2) =0.1151 (from standard normal table)
So 50*0.1151= 5.755
Take n=6.
The 6-bit variation of BCD for representing characters and numbers w.pdf
The 6-bit variation of BCD for representing characters and numbers was severely limited inhow
it could represent and manipulate data; in fact, lowercase letters were not part of itsrepertoire.
The designers of the System needed more information processing capability as well as a uniform
manner in which to store both numbers and data. In order to maintain compatibility with earlier
computers and peripheral equipment, the IBMengineers decided that it would be best to simply
expand BCD from 6 bits to 8 bits.Accordingly, this new code was calledExtended Binary Coded
Decimal InterchangeCode (EBCDIC). IBM continues to use EBCDIC in IBM mainframe and
midrange computer systems.
Solution
The 6-bit variation of BCD for representing characters and numbers was severely limited inhow
it could represent and manipulate data; in fact, lowercase letters were not part of itsrepertoire.
The designers of the System needed more information processing capability as well as a uniform
manner in which to store both numbers and data. In order to maintain compatibility with earlier
computers and peripheral equipment, the IBMengineers decided that it would be best to simply
expand BCD from 6 bits to 8 bits.Accordingly, this new code was calledExtended Binary Coded
Decimal InterchangeCode (EBCDIC). IBM continues to use EBCDIC in IBM mainframe and
midrange computer systems..
STAT92E is present in Drosophila flies and the JAKSTAT pathway help.pdf
STAT92E is present in Drosophila flies and the JAK/STAT pathway helps in determining the P-
D(proximo distal) axis in leg and antennal imaginal discs of these flies. STAT92E is the
transcription factor which when phosphorylated migrates to the nucleus. It then binds specific
regulatory sequences to activate or repress the transcription of target genes. STAT92E represses
wg gene more robustly than dpp gene required for determining the P-D axis which is essential
for the formation of arthropod appendages i.e. legs and antennae. Thus if STAT92E is not
phosphorylated it will not migrate into the nucleus and will not act as a transcription factor to
regulate the genes responsible for the development of these appendages. Thus the fly with the
mutant STAT92E will not be able to develop proper leg with five segments and antennae with
six segments.
Solution
STAT92E is present in Drosophila flies and the JAK/STAT pathway helps in determining the P-
D(proximo distal) axis in leg and antennal imaginal discs of these flies. STAT92E is the
transcription factor which when phosphorylated migrates to the nucleus. It then binds specific
regulatory sequences to activate or repress the transcription of target genes. STAT92E represses
wg gene more robustly than dpp gene required for determining the P-D axis which is essential
for the formation of arthropod appendages i.e. legs and antennae. Thus if STAT92E is not
phosphorylated it will not migrate into the nucleus and will not act as a transcription factor to
regulate the genes responsible for the development of these appendages. Thus the fly with the
mutant STAT92E will not be able to develop proper leg with five segments and antennae with
six segments..
solid CO2 sublimes-dispersionCHCl3 boils-dispersion and dipole.pdf
solid CO2 sublimes
-dispersion
CHCl3 boils
-dispersion and dipole-dipole
Ice melts
-dispersion, dipole-dipole, and hydrogen bonding
Solution
solid CO2 sublimes
-dispersion
CHCl3 boils
-dispersion and dipole-dipole
Ice melts
-dispersion, dipole-dipole, and hydrogen bonding.
Smartphones have become the single most important digital device we .pdf
Smartphones have become the single most important digital device we own and require being
connected to a network to send and receive data.
Smartphones enable digital capabilities like view short video clips, play music and games, surf
the Web and transmit and receive corporate data, e-mail, messaging, wireless access to the
Internet, voice communication, and digital cameras.So we can perform many of the tasks of
today’s PCs on smartphones.
Examples of some brand name for smartphones : Apple, Blackberry, HTC, Huawei, iBall, Lava,
LeEco, LG, Micromax, Motorola, Microsoft, Nokia, Samsung, Sony, Spice, Xiomi
Wi-Fi allow users to access internet from different locations. We can use printers and servers
through Wi-Fi. We don\'t need printer for each computer and wired connection between them.
Bluetooth-enabled wireless technology provides an easy way to connect devices. We can access
videos, audio files, Web sites, and even video-conferencing through hotspots located in public
and private areas.
Wi-Fi speed can be increased by using a/b/g/n router. The range of Wireless-LAN (WLAN) or
Wi-Fi is around 20-25 feet indoors. So unauthorized access can be protected by using security.
High-speed cellular systems provide a way for users to access the Internet from virtually
anywhere at any time. More powerful cellular networks based on 2G, 3G, and now 4G. These
technology are expanding the amount and types of data users can access. User can access
services for voice, data, and high-quality streaming video.
So these are the advantages of smartphones over desktop and laptop.
Disadvantages can be security issues, durability, expensive and storage capacity.
Solution
Smartphones have become the single most important digital device we own and require being
connected to a network to send and receive data.
Smartphones enable digital capabilities like view short video clips, play music and games, surf
the Web and transmit and receive corporate data, e-mail, messaging, wireless access to the
Internet, voice communication, and digital cameras.So we can perform many of the tasks of
today’s PCs on smartphones.
Examples of some brand name for smartphones : Apple, Blackberry, HTC, Huawei, iBall, Lava,
LeEco, LG, Micromax, Motorola, Microsoft, Nokia, Samsung, Sony, Spice, Xiomi
Wi-Fi allow users to access internet from different locations. We can use printers and servers
through Wi-Fi. We don\'t need printer for each computer and wired connection between them.
Bluetooth-enabled wireless technology provides an easy way to connect devices. We can access
videos, audio files, Web sites, and even video-conferencing through hotspots located in public
and private areas.
Wi-Fi speed can be increased by using a/b/g/n router. The range of Wireless-LAN (WLAN) or
Wi-Fi is around 20-25 feet indoors. So unauthorized access can be protected by using security.
High-speed cellular systems provide a way for users to access the Internet from virtually
anywhere at any time. More powerful cell.
Since 2010, the authors have been on the faculty of a HBCU located i.pdf
Since 2010, the authors have been on the faculty of a HBCU located in Georgia. The authors are
the only full-time faculty, thus are responsible for teaching all accounting courses. The failure
rate has average thirty-five (35%) percent. Failure is defined as a student receiving a grade of
“D”, “F” or “W” in an accounting course. This failure rate was unacceptable, thus a search begin
to explore ways of reducing this rate without compromising the academic integrity required to
prepare students to become an accountant. This study explores a new teaching model designed to
improve students’ technical competencies while increasing their critical thinking skills. What
adjustments to a classroom lesson plan and teaching strategy are useful to improve interpersonal
communication, creativity, reasoning and analytical abilities? Does improvements in
interpersonal communication, creativity, reasoning and analytical abilities require abandoning
the traditional teaching model? Critical thinking includes analyzing, conceptualizing, reasoning
and evaluating. Research finds that these skills can be developed in learners if teaching strategies
evolve beyond memorization (Reinstein,2008). Accounting graduates are expected to possess a
healthy dose of critical thinking skills. This study explores a teaching model reflective of
cognitive thinking. Cognitive teaching increases the need to compare, contrast, group, and
memorize relevant accounting concepts. The literature argues that students have considerable
difficulty in solving accounting problems that are slightly different than those presented in the
classroom, even though the same concepts are being covered. The Pathways Commission has
called for improvements in accounting curriculum and teaching techniques (Bloom, 2013). The
quality of future accountants will be shaped by a need for improvement in critical thinking skills.
The purpose of this paper is to convey the authors’ result of using the ABCs of accounting
teaching model. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROBLEM The accounting profession requires more
creativity and innovative thinking in order to be competitive. Much of the literature argues that
teaching models that require students to memorize accounting rules and procedures fail to
cultivate critical thinking in problem solving. The Bedford Committee (1986) asserts that the
traditional accounting lectures fail to stimulate creativity and innovative thinking. Thus student
are not educational ready to enter the profession. The Pathway’s Commission finds that
accounting programs are overly invested in outmoded models. Bloom (2013) finds that students
increasingly exhibit difficulty solving complex accounting problems. The goal of teaching
should always embrace a pedagogy designed to discover a higher order of thinking. Higher order
critical thinking can be achieved if the teaching approach gets it right. Such is the pursuit of this
study. The five step process for developing higher level critical thinking skills.
Programimport java.util.Scanner; public class AreaOfRectangle {.pdf
Program:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AreaOfRectangle {
public int length,breath;
public int getLength(){
return length;
}
public void setLength(int l){
length = l;
}
public int getBreath(){
return breath;
}
public void setBreath(int b){
breath = b;
}
AreaOfRectangle(){
length = 0;
breath = 0;
}
public static void main(String args[]){
AreaOfRectangle obj= new AreaOfRectangle();
Scanner sca = new Scanner(System.in);
String choice = new String();
do{
System.out.print(\"Enter Length : \");
obj.setLength(sca.nextInt());
System.out.print(\"Enter breath : \");
obj.setBreath(sca.nextInt());
System.out.println(\"Area : \"+ obj.getBreath() * obj.getLength());
System.out.println(\"Enter Choice : \");
choice = sca.next();
}while(!choice.equals(\"0\") && !choice.equals(\"Exit\") && !choice.equals(\"No\"));
}
}
Result:
Enter Length : 23
Enter breath : 34
Area : 782
Enter Choice :
23
Enter Length : 65
Enter breath : 67
Area : 4355
Enter Choice :
df
Enter Length : 23
Enter breath : 56
Area : 1288
Enter Choice :
67
Enter Length : 23
Enter breath : 56
Area : 1288
Enter Choice :
No
Solution
Program:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AreaOfRectangle {
public int length,breath;
public int getLength(){
return length;
}
public void setLength(int l){
length = l;
}
public int getBreath(){
return breath;
}
public void setBreath(int b){
breath = b;
}
AreaOfRectangle(){
length = 0;
breath = 0;
}
public static void main(String args[]){
AreaOfRectangle obj= new AreaOfRectangle();
Scanner sca = new Scanner(System.in);
String choice = new String();
do{
System.out.print(\"Enter Length : \");
obj.setLength(sca.nextInt());
System.out.print(\"Enter breath : \");
obj.setBreath(sca.nextInt());
System.out.println(\"Area : \"+ obj.getBreath() * obj.getLength());
System.out.println(\"Enter Choice : \");
choice = sca.next();
}while(!choice.equals(\"0\") && !choice.equals(\"Exit\") && !choice.equals(\"No\"));
}
}
Result:
Enter Length : 23
Enter breath : 34
Area : 782
Enter Choice :
23
Enter Length : 65
Enter breath : 67
Area : 4355
Enter Choice :
df
Enter Length : 23
Enter breath : 56
Area : 1288
Enter Choice :
67
Enter Length : 23
Enter breath : 56
Area : 1288
Enter Choice :
No.
Ques-1. how and why would an asthma attack attack have an impact on .pdf
Ques-1. how and why would an asthma attack attack have an impact on the FEV and MVV?
Answer:
Asthma is the reversible blockade of respiratory pathways, which causes difficulty in breathing
out. This causes tightness in the chest region, dyspnea, and expiratory wheezing. Asthma
pathophysiology includes the constriction of bronchiolar smooth muscles result in low alveolar
PO2 due to lower oxygen availability for respiration. PO2 is decreased and Pco2 is increased.
Lesser ratio of V/Q leading to reduced partial pressure of O2 (due impairment of the pulmonary
air exchange) and reduced excretion of CO2 leading to more PCO2 usually happens in apnea or
asthma.
Maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV): it is the total volume of air expired within a specific time
when repetitive maximal voluntary effort. In asthma MVV, is reduced due to allergic histamine
secretion in the air sacs (alveoli) & due to bronchoconstriction. This is due to inadequate space
availability to fill the air sacs during respiration process
The variables such as FEV1 (expiratory volume) will be decreased in “asthma- lung disease due
to narrowing of bronchioles” however, FVC (F vital capacity) is approximately normal therefore,
finally FEV1/FVC ration will be decreased with time.
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR): also referred as FEV (forced expiratory volume). In the
above case, spirometry performed to assess the function of lungs and it depends on age and sex,
height. Given, 60% predicted PEFR means severe and obstruction of airways lungs due to
asthma.
Ques-2. What causes apnea that sometimes occurs after hyperventilation?
Answer:
Apnea usually reduced rate of breathing thereby volume of breathing is less. Hyperventilation
induces higher incidence of pulmonary edema or fluid accumulation in the lungs as a result
\"apnea\" is going to develop. PO2 is decreased and Pco2 is increased. Lesser ratio of V/Q
leading to reduced partial pressure of O2 (due to impairment of the pulmonary air exchange) and
reduced excretion of CO2 leading to more PCO2 usually happens in apnea
Solution
Ques-1. how and why would an asthma attack attack have an impact on the FEV and MVV?
Answer:
Asthma is the reversible blockade of respiratory pathways, which causes difficulty in breathing
out. This causes tightness in the chest region, dyspnea, and expiratory wheezing. Asthma
pathophysiology includes the constriction of bronchiolar smooth muscles result in low alveolar
PO2 due to lower oxygen availability for respiration. PO2 is decreased and Pco2 is increased.
Lesser ratio of V/Q leading to reduced partial pressure of O2 (due impairment of the pulmonary
air exchange) and reduced excretion of CO2 leading to more PCO2 usually happens in apnea or
asthma.
Maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV): it is the total volume of air expired within a specific time
when repetitive maximal voluntary effort. In asthma MVV, is reduced due to allergic histamine
secretion in the air sacs (alveoli) & due to bronchoconstriction. This is.
OSIOSI may be a abstract model that characterizes and standardize.pdf
OSI:
OSI may be a abstract model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of
a computing or telecommunication equipment regardless of their underlying structure and
technology being employed. The goal of OSI model is that the ability of various communication
systems with customary protocols. It partitions a communication system in abstraction layers. the
initial version of OSI model outlined seven layers. A layer serves the layer on top of it and is
served by the layer below it. for instance, a layer that has the error-free communication across
the network provides the trail required by the appliance on top of it, whereas it calls following
layer to send and receive packets that comprise the contents of that path. 2 instances at constant
layer area unit envisioned as connected by a horizontal association in this layer.
TCP/IP:
TCP/IP may be a core protocol of the web Protocol Suite (IPS). it\'s the essential communication
language or protocol of the web. It is used as a protocol during a exceedingly|in a very} personal
network either associate degree computer network or an extranet. TCP/IP may be a 2 layer
program. The higher or higher layer transmission control protocol, manages the grouping of a
message or file into smaller packets that area unit transmitted over the web and received by a
transmission control protocol layer that reassembles the packets into the initial message. The
lower layer science, handles the address a part of every packet to urge the correct destination.
every entranceway pc on the network checks this address to visualize wherever to forward the
message. even if some packets from constant message area unit routed otherwise than others,
they\'re going to be reassembled at the destination.
Solution
OSI:
OSI may be a abstract model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of
a computing or telecommunication equipment regardless of their underlying structure and
technology being employed. The goal of OSI model is that the ability of various communication
systems with customary protocols. It partitions a communication system in abstraction layers. the
initial version of OSI model outlined seven layers. A layer serves the layer on top of it and is
served by the layer below it. for instance, a layer that has the error-free communication across
the network provides the trail required by the appliance on top of it, whereas it calls following
layer to send and receive packets that comprise the contents of that path. 2 instances at constant
layer area unit envisioned as connected by a horizontal association in this layer.
TCP/IP:
TCP/IP may be a core protocol of the web Protocol Suite (IPS). it\'s the essential communication
language or protocol of the web. It is used as a protocol during a exceedingly|in a very} personal
network either associate degree computer network or an extranet. TCP/IP may be a 2 layer
program. The higher or higher layer transmission control protocol, manages .
Name of diagnosis obsessive compulsive personality disorder.Symp.pdf
Name of diagnosis : obsessive compulsive personality disorder.
Symptoms: general pattern of concern with orderliness, perfectionism, excessive attention to
details, mental and interpersonal control, and a need for control over one\'s environment. Upset if
plans dont go according to plan,easily frustrated, cannot relax during vacations.
Solution
Name of diagnosis : obsessive compulsive personality disorder.
Symptoms: general pattern of concern with orderliness, perfectionism, excessive attention to
details, mental and interpersonal control, and a need for control over one\'s environment. Upset if
plans dont go according to plan,easily frustrated, cannot relax during vacations..
Monthly interest rate = 8.40 12 = 0.7Effective anuual rate = (.pdf
Monthly interest rate = 8.40% / 12 = 0.7%
Effective anuual rate = (1 + 0.007)12 -1
Effective anuual rate = 0.0873 or 8.73%
Solution
Monthly interest rate = 8.40% / 12 = 0.7%
Effective anuual rate = (1 + 0.007)12 -1
Effective anuual rate = 0.0873 or 8.73%.
first phage electron micrographs were published in 1940 in Germany a.pdf
first phage electron micrographs were published in 1940 in Germany and proved the particulate
nature of bacteriophages. Phages and infected bacteria were first examined raw and unstained.
US American scientists introduced shadowing and freeze-drying. Phages appeared to be tailed
and morphologically heterogeneous. Phage types identified by early electron microscopy include
enterobacteriophages T4, T1, T7, T5, 7–11, ViI and Pseudomonas phage PB1.
electron micrographs portray steps seen in the development of phage particles within infected
colon bacilli growing in liquid media. These show rupturing cells, the early appearance of
bacteriophage as particles with nearly empty heads, the globular and fibrous fine structure of the
extruded bacterial protoplasm and instances of practically complete conversion of cellular
contents into bacteriophage.
capsid is the protein shell of a virus. It consists of several oligomeric structural subunits made of
protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or
may not correspond to individual proteins, are called capsomeres. The capsid encloses the
genetic material of the virus.
Large capsid can hold large gnetic material.
the lenght of tail can tell us about the extent of penetration.
Solution
first phage electron micrographs were published in 1940 in Germany and proved the particulate
nature of bacteriophages. Phages and infected bacteria were first examined raw and unstained.
US American scientists introduced shadowing and freeze-drying. Phages appeared to be tailed
and morphologically heterogeneous. Phage types identified by early electron microscopy include
enterobacteriophages T4, T1, T7, T5, 7–11, ViI and Pseudomonas phage PB1.
electron micrographs portray steps seen in the development of phage particles within infected
colon bacilli growing in liquid media. These show rupturing cells, the early appearance of
bacteriophage as particles with nearly empty heads, the globular and fibrous fine structure of the
extruded bacterial protoplasm and instances of practically complete conversion of cellular
contents into bacteriophage.
capsid is the protein shell of a virus. It consists of several oligomeric structural subunits made of
protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or
may not correspond to individual proteins, are called capsomeres. The capsid encloses the
genetic material of the virus.
Large capsid can hold large gnetic material.
the lenght of tail can tell us about the extent of penetration..
Ethical considerations of project managementSolutionEthical c.pdf
Ethical considerations of project management:
Solution
Ethical considerations of project management:.
EBOLA • Reservoir A deadly disease that is caused by infection du.pdf
EBOLA
• Reservoir: A deadly disease that is caused by infection due to Ebola virus. Its reservoir
remains unknown. However, on the basis of evidence and similar viruses, it is believed that the
virus us animal-borne and bats are the likely reservoir.
•Transmission: This virus spreads by direct contact through blood of an infected human or
animals. It may also occur through an object contaminated with body fluids. Semen or breast-
milk of a person after recovering from the disease is a potential possibility.
•Number of cases: 28652 reported from march 2014 to march 2016.
•Mortality rate: 11 deaths per 1000 people in a year.
INFLUENZA
•Reservoir: Humans are the main reservoirs of infection for influenza virus A. Wild birds like
ducks, geese and shorebirds carry avian influenza virus. It has also been reported from pigs and
horses.
• Transmission: It is spread by:
1. Direct contact with the infected patients.
2. Direct contact with objects contaminated with virus.
3. Inhaling aerosols laiden with viruses.
• Number of cases: According to WHO, about 3 to 5 million people are affected every year.
• Deaths: According to WHO, approximately 250000-500000 deaths occur annually.
AIDS
This is a deadly disease caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
• Reservoir: Infected cells in central nervous system and male urinogenital tract are mostly
responsible. But the most potential resource is memory T-cells infected with HIV-1 DNA.
• Transmission:
It is transmitted through:
1. Body fluids; blood, semen, pre-seminal fluids, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, breast milk.
2. Sexual intercourse with an infected partner.
3. Sharing contaminated syringes and needles.
4. From mother to her unborn child during pregnancy and childbirth.
5. Through organ transplantation.
• Number of cases: According to AVERT, there are about 36.7 million people affected and
living with HIV.
• Deaths: According to AVERT, approximately 1.1 million people died due to HIV.
Solution
EBOLA
• Reservoir: A deadly disease that is caused by infection due to Ebola virus. Its reservoir
remains unknown. However, on the basis of evidence and similar viruses, it is believed that the
virus us animal-borne and bats are the likely reservoir.
•Transmission: This virus spreads by direct contact through blood of an infected human or
animals. It may also occur through an object contaminated with body fluids. Semen or breast-
milk of a person after recovering from the disease is a potential possibility.
•Number of cases: 28652 reported from march 2014 to march 2016.
•Mortality rate: 11 deaths per 1000 people in a year.
INFLUENZA
•Reservoir: Humans are the main reservoirs of infection for influenza virus A. Wild birds like
ducks, geese and shorebirds carry avian influenza virus. It has also been reported from pigs and
horses.
• Transmission: It is spread by:
1. Direct contact with the infected patients.
2. Direct contact with objects contaminated with virus.
3. Inhaling aerosols laiden with viruses.
• Numbe.
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This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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- 1. Answer: Difference: In the category of nutrients, there are monomers and polymers. Monomers are the "building blocks" of large macromolecules, or any molecule chain created through condensation reactions. These are the polymers, three or more monomers bonded together. In the category of carbohydrates, there are monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosacchaides, and polysaccharides. Just from the prefixes, you can tell that the monosaccharides are monomers, the disaccharides are two bonded monomers (monosaccharides) and oligosacchaides and polysaccharides are made up of many monomers (monosaccharides). The monosaccharides are just a single carbon ring (in the natural aqueous environment of an organism). The monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. The disaccharides are two carbon rings bonded together by a glycosidic linkage in a condensation (dehydration) reaction, which removes a molecule of water. Disaccharides include maltose (glucose + glucose), lactose (glucose + galactose), sucrose (glucose + fructose), and more. When we consume food, we are taking in the large polysacchaides such as starch and smaller molecules such as maltose. We take these long molecules and digest them - break up their glycosidic linkages until they are monosaccharides (monomers) that we can absorb throughout out alimentary canal (usually in small intestine) Contrast: Monosaccharides and disaccharides are the two kinds of simple sugars, a form of carbohydrate. In contrast to polysaccharides, which contain three or more sugars and are also known as complex carbohydrates, monosaccharides and disaccharides contain one and two sugars, respectively. Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Disaccharides, by contrast, include sucrose, lactose, and maltose, and these are made up of two monosaccharides bonded together, such as glucose and fructose or even glucose with glucose. Monosaccharides require the least effort by the body to break down and therefore are digested and subsequently available for energy more quickly than disaccharides.
- 2. Solution Answer: Difference: In the category of nutrients, there are monomers and polymers. Monomers are the "building blocks" of large macromolecules, or any molecule chain created through condensation reactions. These are the polymers, three or more monomers bonded together. In the category of carbohydrates, there are monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosacchaides, and polysaccharides. Just from the prefixes, you can tell that the monosaccharides are monomers, the disaccharides are two bonded monomers (monosaccharides) and oligosacchaides and polysaccharides are made up of many monomers (monosaccharides). The monosaccharides are just a single carbon ring (in the natural aqueous environment of an organism). The monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. The disaccharides are two carbon rings bonded together by a glycosidic linkage in a condensation (dehydration) reaction, which removes a molecule of water. Disaccharides include maltose (glucose + glucose), lactose (glucose + galactose), sucrose (glucose + fructose), and more. When we consume food, we are taking in the large polysacchaides such as starch and smaller molecules such as maltose. We take these long molecules and digest them - break up their glycosidic linkages until they are monosaccharides (monomers) that we can absorb throughout out alimentary canal (usually in small intestine) Contrast: Monosaccharides and disaccharides are the two kinds of simple sugars, a form of carbohydrate. In contrast to polysaccharides, which contain three or more sugars and are also known as complex carbohydrates, monosaccharides and disaccharides contain one and two sugars, respectively. Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Disaccharides, by contrast, include sucrose, lactose, and maltose, and these are made up of two monosaccharides bonded together, such as glucose and fructose or even glucose with glucose. Monosaccharides require the least effort by the body to break down and therefore are digested and subsequently available for energy more quickly than disaccharides.