Charlie Sanders presented on the past, present, and future of Android. Some key points: - Android started as an open source operating system acquired by Google in 2005 to compete with Apple's iOS. - It has grown tremendously from version 1.0 in 2008 to the current version 4.2, with major updates adding new features and redesigns. - The Android ecosystem now includes many hardware partners like Samsung and HTC, and apps from Google and third parties. - Looking ahead, the next version 5.0 may be announced in May 2013, and Android is expanding beyond smartphones and tablets into new devices.

1. Past, Present, Future
Presented by Charlie Sanders

2. Charlie Sanders
„ Twitter: @krnlsndrs
„ GitHub: https://github.com/sandersch
„ Blog: http://krnlsndrs.blogspot.com

3. What is Android?

4. What is Android?
„ Linux-based operating system targeted at
mobile devices
„ Owned by Google
„ Open Source, Apache License
„ Java-based applications (apps)

5. Android and Google
„ Android, Inc founded October 2003
„ Acquired by Google on August 17, 2005
„ Google wanted to offer an alternative to
Apple’s iOS

6. Android and Open Source
„ Google mostly publishes as Apache 2.0
„ Kernel changes and GNU utilities are GPL
„ Third parties cannot use Google’s Android
trademark unless Google certifies the device
„ Many of Google’s ecosystem apps are
proprietary
„ Gmail, Maps,Youtube, Play Store,

7. Android and OEMs
„ Hardware manufacturers may port Android to
their devices at no cost
„ Google works with a device partner on a
flagship device whose specifications are chosen
to push Android in the direction Google wants
„ OEMs and carriers have no incentive to offer
updates

8. Android System Architecture

9. Android System Architecture
„ Linux Kernel
„ Hardware Abstraction Layer
„ Userland Libraries
„ Dalvik (Android Runtime)
„ Application framework

10. `

11. Android Linux Kernel
„ Original fork based on 2.6 series, later rebased on
3.x series
„ Merged back into mainline in 2012 (3.3/3.5)
„ Android Kernel Unique Features:
„ YAFFS2 flash file system
„ Wakelocks/alarm timers (power management)
„ “Paranoid” networking security patches
„ Shared memory subsystem
„ Process memory allocator

12. Userland Libraries
„ Programs, libraries, and APIs implemented in
a low-level language
„ Usually written in C/C++
„ Many commonly used FOSS packages
„ Android Debugger

13. DalvikVirtual Machine
„ Java-compatible application framework
„ Designed with mobile devices in mind
„ Convert compiled class files into Dalvik
Executable format (.dex)
„ Register-based instead of typical stack-based
architecture
„ Just-in-time (JIT) compiler

14. Application Framework
„ Interface available for Android app
developers
„ Principle of least privilege
„ Each process has its own virtual machine
(VM), so an application’s code runs in
isolation from other applications.

15. Application Framework
„ Application Components
„ Activities – represent a single screen with a user
interface
„ Services – run in the background to perform long-
running operations or remote interaction
„ Content Providers – manage a shared set of
application data
„ Broadcast Receivers – respond to system-wide
broadcast announcements

16. History of Android

17. Android 1.0
September 2008

18. Android 1.0 (Astro)
„ Pull down notifications
„ Home screen widgets
„ Android Market
„ First class Gmail support
„ Google Maps
„ Google Data Sync

19. T-Mobile G1 – October 22, 2008

20. Android 1.1 (Bender)
„ February 2009
„ Primarily bug patches
„ Over-the-air upgrade

21. Android 1.5 (Cupcake)
„ May 2009
„ First to use dessert naming convention
„ Extensive UI changes
„ Soft keyboard
„ Widget SDK
„ Clipboard Improvements
„ Video Capture and Playback

22. Android 1.6 (Donut)
„ October 2009
„ Minor visual refinements
„ CDMA support
„ Support for different screen resolutions
„ Universal search
„ Redesigned Android market
„ Improved camera interface

23. Android 2.0
November 2009

24. Android 2.0
„ Better Account Support and APIs
„ Google Maps Navigation
„ Quick Contact
„ Soft keyboard improvements
„ Revamped browser
„ Live Wallpapers
„ Speech-to-text
„ New lock screen

25. Motorola Droid

26. Motorola Droid
„ Exclusive toVerizon
„ Start of very successful mobile franchise
„ Improved build quality
„ 854x480 display
„ By far best physical keyboard on the market

27. Android 2.1 (Eclair)
„ Not a major upgrade, hence no
codename change
„ Strategic shift for Google
„ Choose to work directly with HTC to make its own
flagship device
„ Showcase Android without any modifications – like
Google intended
„ Extension of work began with Motorola Droid

28. Android 2.1 and Nexus One
„ First Nexus device
„ “Stock” Android experience
„ One of the most well-regarded Android
phones ever produced

29. Nexus One

30. Android 2.2 (Froyo)
„ May 2010
„ Redesigned home screen
„ New Gallery apps showcased 3D capabilities
„ Better Copy / Paste support in Gmail
„ Mobile hotspot support

31. HTC Evo 4G
„ Beginning of the
mobile size wars
„ First popular
Android device on
Sprint
„ Very heavily
skinned

32. Android 2.3 (Gingerbread)
„ December 2010
„ Reskinning of platform
„ Improved on-screen keyboard
„ Front-facing camera support
„ NFC support
„ Improved gaming API support

33. Nexus S

34. Android 3.x (Honeycomb)
December 2010

35. Motorola Xoom

36. Motorola Xoom
„ First officially sanctioned Android tablet
„ Google worked closely with Motorola to
showcase stock Android 3.0

37. Android 3.0 (Honeycomb)
„ Fundamental redesign of Android UX
„ New UI designed for tablets
„ Redesigned home screen and widget placement, resizing
„ Death of physical buttons – now all buttons are virtual
„ Quick access System and Action Bars
„ Redesigned keyboard

38. Android 3.0 (Honeycomb)
„ New application layout options
„ Fragments
„ Multi-column layouts
„ Better support for dealing with different screen
resolutions and aspect ratios
„ Improved Multitasking

39. Android 4.0
(Ice Cream Sandwich)
October 2011

40. Galaxy Nexus

41. Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
„ First release under Matias Duarte’s direction
„ Galaxy Nexus
„ First Nexus device with 4G wireless support
„ Brought Honeycomb UX to smartphones
„ Nearly universal critical acclaim

42. Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
„ New custom-designed typeface, Roboto
„ Refreshed notification dropdown
„ Soft keyboard improvements
„ Complete overhaul of correction intelligence
„ Inline spellcheck and replacement (much like iOS)
„ Text entry, clipboard support, and soft keyboard finally
feel as good as the best on the market

43. Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
„ Home screen folders and favorites
„ Android Beam (NFC data transfer)
„ Face unlock
„ Data usage analysis
„ New calendar and email apps
„ No more Adobe Flash support

44. Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean)
„ June 2012
„ Nexus 7
„ Project Butter
„ Google Now
„ Expandable, actionable notifications
„ Predictive text

45. Nexus 7
„ Reboot in Google’s
tablet strategy
„ Aimed at Kindle
Fire and Nook
„ A device for
consuming content
from Google’s store

46. Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean)
„ Project Butter
„ Significantly improves graphics and touch
performance
„ Locks all drawing at 16ms
„ Triple-buffering graphics
„ Closing the gap with lag against iOS

47. Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean)
„ Google Now
„ Entirely new platform
for Google
„ Provides context-aware
“cards” of information
„ Makes the information
that Google knows
about you available for
your own use
„ Weather
„ Sports scores
„ Traffic alerts
„ Public Transit
„ Flight updates
„ Shipping notifications
„ Calendar events

48. Android 4.2 (Jelly Bean)
„ November 2012
„ Nexus 4/Nexus 10
„ Gesture Typing (like Swype)
„ Multiple user support (tablets only)
„ Wireless video sharing
„ Lock screen widgets

49. Current State of Android

50. Android Ecosystem

51. Stock Android Apps
„ Browser
„ Clock
„ Calculator
„ Email
„ Gallery
„ Messaging
„ Phone

52. Closed-source Google Apps
„ Google Data Sync
„ Play Store
„ Gmail
„ Google Maps/Navigation
„ YouTube

53. Google Play Store
„ Applications
„ Music
„ TV and Movies
„ Books and Magazines

54. Gmail
„ Archiving
„ Filters
„ Labels
„ Threaded conversations
„ Actionable notifications

55. Google Maps
„ Accurate, reliable location data
„ Turn-by-turn navigation
„ Information on nearby locations
„ Download maps for offline viewing

56. Third Party Apps
„ Swype
„ Dropbox
„ Spotify/Pandora/Google Music/Rdio
„ Netflix
„ Barcode Scanner
„ Amazon Kindle

57. Android Device Market

58. Nexus Devices

59. Nexus 4

60. Nexus 10

61. Samsung

62. Galaxy S3

63. Galaxy S4

64. Galaxy Note 2

65. Samsung Android Screen Sizes
2.6” 2.8” 3.14” 3.2” 3.4” 3.6”
3.65” 3.7” 3.8” 3.97” 4” 4.2”
4.27” 4.3” 4.5” 4.52” 4.65” 4.7”
4.8” 5” 5.3” 5.5” 5.8” 6.3”
7” 7.7” 8” 8.9” 10” 10.1”

66. HTC

67. HTC One

68. HTC First

69. Motorola
„ Bought by Google on August 15, 2011
„ Google warned things wouldn’t change
immediately due to “long pipeline”
„ Rumors
„ Stock Android
„ “Just right” size
„ X Phone

70. Future of Android

71. Leadership
„ Google announced Andy Rubin was stepping
down in March 2013
„ Replaced by Sundar Pichai, head of Chrome
OS team

72. Android 5.0 (Key Lime Pie)
„ Expected release at Google I/O (May 2013)
„ Nexus partner rumors: Sony, LG
„ Babble (unified messaging)

73. Beyond Smartphones and Tablets
„ Set-top boxes
„ Pivos
„ Ouya
„ Google TV/Fiber
„ Gaming Systems
„ Project Shield
„ Wearable
computing
„ Pebble
„ Google Glass
„ FitBit
„ Cameras