This document provides an overview of Android including its history, architecture, and key components. It began as a startup called Android Inc. in 2005 and was later acquired by Google in 2007. The latest version is Android 4.4 KitKat. The architecture includes the Linux kernel, libraries like Webkit and SQLite, the Dalvik virtual machine, core apps framework, and applications. It discusses the main roles of the activity manager, window manager, content providers, and other framework components.

1. Android
Course
Amira Elsayed Ismail

2. Agenda
• Why Learn Android?
• Prerequisites.
• Android History.
• What is Android?
• Android Architecture.
2

3. Why Learn Android?
• Run your applications on 59% of the smartphones
worldwide (Jul - 2012).
• Join in 600,000 applications for android (Jul - 2012).
• Not just smartphone, Android OS is being used in,
TVs, Microwaves, Car Tapes. Etc…
• High job success rates.
• Create app sell to market very easily.

5. Prerequisites
• Object-oriented programming.
• You must understand terms like (Class, Instance,
Method, Superclass and Subclass).
• Installation of Eclipse IDE & Android SDK Tools.
• Install all SDKs preferably (2.1, 2.2 & 4.x).
• An android device. (Optional but highly
recommended).

6. Android History
• Started by Android Inc. in 2005, which had
been financed by Google.
• In 2007 Google bought Android Inc.
• Android beta was released in Nov 2007.
• Android v1.0 was released in Sep 2008.
• Latest android version is 4.4 (Kitkat).

9. What is Android?
 Android is an operating system for mobile
devices such as smartphones and tablet
computers.
 Android has beaten Apple iOS, being the
leading mobile operating system from first
quarter of 2011

10. Android Architecture
 Android system is composed of following
items:
 Linux Kernel.
 Libraries.
 Applications Framework.
 Applications.

12. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Linux Kernel
 Its customized Linux kernel with a lot more
android specific code to support devices.
 One of the kernel's main function is to
control hardware.

13. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 Webkit
 Modern web browser engine used in both
web view as well as native browser.
 Support CSS, Java script, DOM, Ajax etc.

14. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 Media framework
 PacketVideo, openCORE platform.
 Support Audio, Video, Still-frame formats.

15. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 SQLite
 Self-contained.
 Serverless.
 Zero-configuration.
 SQL Database.

16. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 OpenGL|ES(openGL for EmbeddedSystems)
 Standard specification for 2D/3D graphics.
 Can simulate physics.
 Complex 3D scenes can be drawn.
 Used in (Virtual reality, Augmented reality,
Game programming, Scientific visualization and
Flight simulation).

17. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 Surface Manager
 Manages access to display subsystem.
 Seamlessly composites graphic layers 2D/3D
layers from different applications.

18. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 SGL (Skia graphic library)
 An underlying 2D graphics engine.
 Used to draw text, geometries & images.

19. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
 Cryptographic protocol to provide
information security over internet.

20. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Libraries
 FreeType
 Bitmap and vector font rendering.

21. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Android Runtime
 Dalvik Virtual Machine
 Provides application portability and runtime
consistency.
 Runs optimized file format (.dex) and Dalvik
bytecode.

23. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Android Runtime
 Core Libraries
 Data structures
 File Access
 Graphics
 Network Access
 Utilities

24. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Activity Manager
 Interact with overall activities running in the
system.
 Manage lifecycle of activities.
 Manage stacking of activities.

26. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Window Manager
 Dispatch input events to clients.
 Transition animation.
 Create layout/surfaces (using
SurfaceManager).

27. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Content Providers
 Manage access to structured access of data.
 Mainly used for data sharing purposes.

29. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 View System
 Basic building block for UI components.
 Can be extended to build custom UI
components.

30. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Package Manager
 Provides methods for querying and
manipulating installed packages.

31. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Telephony Manager
 Provides access to telephony services on
android.
 Can monitor telephone state changes.

32. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Location Manager
 Provide access to system location services.
 Able to track location periodically or one-
time.

33. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Resource Manager
 Link external resources to native app at build
time.
 Resources may include XML Layouts, Bitmaps,
raw files etc.

34. Android Architecture (Cont’d)
 Applications Framework
 Notification Manager
 Notify users about events.