FOAR701 Research Paradigms lecture notes on hermeneutics and symbolic interpretation of culture: Heidegger, Gadamer, Geertz, and Darnton are central. From Macquarie University Faculty of Arts, Masters of Research.
FOAR701 Research Paradigms lecture notes on hermeneutics and symbolic interpretation of culture: Heidegger, Gadamer, Geertz, and Darnton are central. From Macquarie University Faculty of Arts, Masters of Research.
The Intersection of Philosophy, Science, and TheologySarah Salviander
A comparison of the religions of Christianity and modern secularism — their philosophies, science, and theologies — in light of internal consistency, consistency with the world, and the fruit they bear.
The evidence over the last century indicates that the religion of modern secularism has been a disaster for humankind, and that Christianity is the best option if humans are to survive and thrive.
The Intersection of philosophy, science, and theologySarah Salviander
We compare the religions of Christianity and modern secularism -- their philosophies, science, and theologies -- in light of internal consistency, consistency with the world, and the fruit they bear.
The evidence over the last century indicates that the religion of modern secularism has been a disaster for humankind, and that Christianity is the best option if humans are to survive and thrive.
Part 1 (Spirituality) Lecture on Spirituality & Development to students at Cambridge University -- explains why misconceptions about knowledge in west make it difficult to understand spirituality
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
2. Historical Picture of Skepticism
Socrates
“About myself I knew that I know
nothing”
Pyrrho
“about each single thing that it no
more is than is not or both is and is
not or neither is nor is not”
Kant
“Experience without theory is blind, but
theory without experience is mere
intellectual play.”
3. Pyrrho of Elis
Lived around 300 BCE
Pyrrhonism
Western Philosophy’s first
formalized approach to Skepticism
Acatalepsia
withhold judgement on truth
There’s always an alternative
explanation.
Not this Kind of Pyro
4. “
”
Neither our sense-perceptions nor our theories, tell us the
truth or lie; so we certainly should not rely on them. Rather, we
should be without views, uninclined toward this side or that,
and unwavering in our refusal to choose, saying about every
single one that it no more is than it is not or it both is and is
not or it neither is nor is not.
SOMETHING PYRRHO OF ELIS MAY HAVE SAID
Audio from the podcast:
Philosophize This! Episode 13 – The Hellenistic Age Pt. 4
http://philosophizethis.org/hellenistic-age-3-skepticism/
5. “
”
Ancient debates address questions that today we associate with
epistemology and philosophy of language, as well as with theory
of action, rather than specifically with the contemporary topic of
skepticism. They focus on the nature of belief, the way in which
belief figures in our mental lives, and the relationship of belief to
speech and action.
STANFORD ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PHILOSOPHY: ANCIENT SKEPTICISM
HTTPS://PLATO.STANFORD.EDU/ENTRIES/SKEPTICISM-ANCIENT/
6. Comparison to Modern Skepticism
Ancient Skepticism
Belief
Suspension of Judgement
Criterion of Truth
Appearances
Investigation
Modern Skepticism
Knowledge
Certainty
Justified Belief
Doubt
7. Knowledge as Justified True Belief
Truth
• One can only know things that
are true.
• Just because something is true,
doesn’t mean that anyone
knows it is true.
• It’s metaphysical, not
epistemological. Truth is a
matter of how things are, not
how they can be shown to be.
Belief
You can only know what you believe.
You can know without believing.
• You’re asked “What’s the capital
city of Ohio?” on a test where
you’re penalized for wrong
answers.
• You know that Columbus is the
capital of Ohio — which is true.
• You aren’t confident in your
answer — you don’t believe.
• You leave the question blank
because, while you are know,
you don’t believe.
Justified
• You can believe true things for
the wrong reason
• What is true is what can be
shown
• Repeatable, Demonstrable,
Empirical
8. Practical Example
Assent
• There is an odd number of Jelly
Beans
• We live in the real world.
• There is a god.
Descent
• There is an even number of
Jelly Beans.
• We live in the Matrix.
• There is no god.
Skeptic
• I don’t know.
• I don’t know.
• I don’t know.
9. Philosophical Skepticism
We should not believe things until there is sufficient evidence
for them.
A mechanism by which we can establish the truth of claims to
the best of our ability.
Scientific Skepticism
https://youtu.be/m_tgO-xXrwI?t=1866
Editor's Notes
Skepticism is a post-Socratic philosophy.
Socrates:
In the west, the first skeptic was Pyrrho.
He lived in Elis Greece, around 360 BCE, and died around 270 BCE
Post Socrates (469-399 BCE)
Elements of Skepticism existed in Greek philosophy earlier, but Pyrrho was the first to formalize skeptic ideas into a school of philosophy.
In spite of this, his influence on contemporary philosophers was minimal. He was essentially rediscovered in modern times.
Transcript of Audio <http://philosophizethis.org/skeptics-episode-13-transcript/>:
This is probably a good time to talk about the man who is widely considered the first skeptic in the history of the world, Pyrrho of Elis. I’m starting to notice a pattern here…if you’re a figurehead for a particular movement…if you’re one of the founding fathers of something and you lived during a time when historical details are scarce…you instantly inherit a sort of mystical, legendary status where stories are told about you exhibiting EXTREME behaviors in line with your movement.
Pyrrho was really skeptical. He didn’t believe anything. There are stories of him getting surgery in 300 BC and despite being completely awake…he was unaffected. He lied in silence without so much as a twitch of his face as someone dug into his body…because he wasn’t under the delusion like everyone else that pain was a bad thing necessarily. There’s another story of his good friend falling into a hole and he’s unable to get out…Pyrrho comes across him…sees him in the hole…and just leaves him there. And his friend wasn’t even mad at him…he was just impressed…he deeply respected his ability to be so skeptical.
There are stories of Pyrrho walking around with complete skepticism of everything around him…he was like an elderly woman…he would walk into people…in front of wagons…apparently his friends would have to save him from the brink of walking into his certain death all the time. And despite all these stories…he lived to the very old age of 90.
Well these stories are obviously fiction, but they do illustrate an extreme version of Pyrrho’s line of skeptical thinking. It probably isn’t a shock that Pyrrho didn’t believe in writing things down either…so one of his lead disciples Timon wrote about his beliefs and a later philosopher talks about them here:
“According to Timon, Pyrrho declared that things are equally indifferent, unmeasurable and inarbitrable. For this reason neither our sensations nor our opinions tell us truths or falsehoods. Therefore, for this reason we should not put our trust in them one bit, but we should be unopinionated, uncommitted and unwavering, saying concerning each individual thing that it no more is than is not, or it both is and is not, or it neither is nor is not. The outcome for those who actually adopt this attitude, says Timon, will be first speechlessness, and then freedom from disturbance”
Source <https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/skepticism-ancient/>
It is a core ancient intuition that, if we cannot identify an impression as true, we should hold back from making a truth-claim, from believing anything, on the basis of it. The skeptics and their opponents discuss how one recognizes a true impression as true. Is there anything about impressions of truths that marks them as true? Are there some evident things (some kind of impressions), which can be used as standards or criteria, so that nothing is to be accepted as true if it is not in agreement with these evident things?
It’s not enough just to believe it—we don’t know the things we’re wrong about.
Knowledge seems to be more like a way of getting at the truth.
The analysis of knowledge concerns the attempt to articulate in what exactly this kind of “getting at the truth” consists.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/#KnowJustTrueBeli
Epistemology: the study of knowledge and justified belief.
Empirical: based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
Assent that we can have knowledge of EI-type propositions.
Assent that we cannot have knowledge of EI-type propositions. (That is, deny that we can have knowledge of EI-type propositions.)
Withhold assent to both the proposition that we can have knowledge of EI-type propositions and withhold assent to the proposition that we cannot have such knowledge.
