INTRODUCTION: TEACHING TEACHING METHOD SOCRATES BELIEFS VIRTUES PHILOSOPHER AND TEACHER STUDENTS QUOTES SOCRATES AND SOPHISTS SOCRATES AND GREEK SOCRATES’ APPROACH TO PHILOSOPHY Three Major Contributions Of Socrates To The Development Of Education WHY SOCRATES? POLITICAL VIEWS OF SOCRATES The Demise of Socrates FINAL WORDS LEGACY EFFECT IN HISTORY SOCRATES TODAY

2. PRESENTED BY:
Samia Nawaz Satti
(Student of Bs Psychology)
PRESENTED TO:
Ma’am Misbah
AIR University,
Islamabad

3. SOCRATES
(470 BCE–399 BCE)
“As for me, all I know is
that I know nothing”
- Socrates

4. INTRODUCTION:
 He lived (469-399)the Golden Age of Athens.
 Father, a sculptor and stone-mason. His mother was a midwife.
 He was a stone cutter in his adult hood & served in the army
 Spent most of his time in the marketplace discussing all sorts of things
 The Oracle at Delphi labeled him “The wisest man in Athens”
 Socrates did not believe he was wise, so he set out to prove the oracle wrong
 “There must be someone wiser than I, since I am not wise at all”
 Teacher of Plato and Xenophon.

5.  Information derived from three contemporary sources:
 Dialogues of Plato
 Xenophon
 The plays of Aristophanes
 In his youth he learned gymnastics and music.
 In his later years he learned geometry, astronomy and studied the methods and doctrines of the
leaders of Greek thought and culture.
 Began life as a sculptor.
 Never recorded any of his thoughts
 Plato, one of his students, kept his teachings and beliefs alive in his writing documenting Socrates
incarceration and eventually his execution.

6. TEACHING
 Socratic Methods
 Examining ourselves to find truth
 Moral values
 Ethics
 Our interior life – our “psyche” or “soul” – is the most important part of life
 Our psyche is “healthy” when it seeks goodness, truth, justice, and self- knowledge
 A soul in search of wealth, fame, and power becomes weak, sickly, ignorant
 “THE UNEXAMINED LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING”

7. TEACHING
 If we spend our lives examining and criticizing ourselves, our psyches become strong
 In seeking goodness, justice, truth and self- knowledge, we will not become self-
satisfied, bigoted, and ignorant
 We may not find what we seek, but the life we live will be one that strengthens our inner
selves

8. TEACHING METHOD
 SOCRATIC METHOD:
1. Problem Centered.
2. Based Upon Student Experience.
3. Critical Thinking.
4. Teaching Is a Drawing Forth Rather Than a Telling.
5. Learning Is Discovery

9. SOCRATES BELIEFS
 Wisdom is awareness of own self ignorance, especially through the acquisition of self-
awareness and self knowledge
 Self-awareness and self-knowledge were key to becoming an individual who can think
and analyze for himself/herself

10. VIRTUES
 Humility: The quality or state of being humble (not arrogant/proud)
 Frugality: Characterized by or reflecting economy in the use of resources
 Simplicity: Uncomplicated

11. PHILOSOPHER AND TEACHER
 Devotion to Ethics
 Development of the Inductive Method of reasoning.
 Linking Knowledge to Happiness.
 Rationalism.

12. STUDENTS
PLATO
◦ considered one of the greatest philosophers in the history of civilized man.
ALCIBIADES
◦ a military genius.
ARISTIPPUS
◦ founder of the Cyrenaic school of hedonism.
ANTISTHENES
◦ founder of the Cynic school of philosophy.
XENOPHON
◦ a military leader and historian.
CRITO
◦ one of the wealthiest men in Athens.

13. QUOTES
 “By all means, marry. If you get a good wife, you will be happy. If you get a bad one, you will
be a philosopher.”
 “Behind every great ancient philosopher, there is a woman
who hates his freaking guts.”
 “As for me, all I know is that I know nothing.”
 “False words are not only evil in themselves, but they infect the soul with evil.”
 “True wisdom comes to each of us when we realize how little we understand about life,
ourselves, and the world around us.”
 “Wisdom begins in wonder.”

14. SOCRATES AND SOPHISTS:
 Most of the men he questioned were Sophists, wealthy men whose profession was to teach
aristocratic young men how to be successful.
 According to the Sophists, success was the ability to gain and hold onto
 Wealth
 Fame
 Power
 Socrates believed that the Sophists were wrong
 Wealth, fame, and power are not important
 What matters most in life is our moral goodness
 In order to be morally good, we need to think and re-evaluate our moral values

15. SOCRATES AND GREEK
 Greek use to pray many gods , while Socrates believed there is only one God
 Greek people considered wealth , fame and power to be most important but Socrates
believed there human have souls which needs to nourished with ethics and moral values

16. SOCRATES’APPROACH TO PHILOSOPHY
 Socrates did not write anything.
 Everything we know about him was written by others
 He pursued values in conversation with other’s Goodness, Justice, Truth, Self-Knowledge
 He criticized the self-satisfied Sophists because they claimed to possess the final answers to all
questions – wealth, fame, power
 Treating others according to their moral values
 Focus on teaching how to think instead of what to think

17. Three Major Contributions Of Socrates To The
Development Of Education
1- Socratic method:
Dialectical discussion should be held between two people, with different views in order to come to a
better understanding by challenging each other’s views, making them think critically and back up their
claims.
2- Socratic irony:
True wisdom is knowing that one knows nothing. Do not be arrogant and act like you know
everything, because you don’t. Be open-minded and listen to what others have to say, even if they
differ from you. Be humble, and actively learn.

18. 3- Philosophia:
Philosophy begins in wonder. Be curious. Always be learning. Question everything and
think critically, always seeking answers, always learning from others, always soaking in
every bit of information. And do not just specialize in one thing; learn all that you can about
anything.

19. WHY SOCRATES?
 Socrates is father of modern western philosophy
 Introduced us with Socratic method which is widely being used in Law school all over
the world
 Giving us the concept that it is important to know that ‘How’ to think instead of ‘What’
to think
 “I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think” -Socrates

20. WHY SOCRATES?
 His approach to ethics and moral values gave a new meaning to life
 One day a well-dressed man came to Socrates , he asked him to speak so that Socrates
would know of the man value. This incident show us that Socrates didn’t believe in
wealth to be the essence of life
 Through his acceptance to death he showed that death is cure

21. POLITICAL VIEWS OF SOCRATES
 Socrates’ political views, as represented in Plato's dialogue "The Republic", were strongly against
the democracy that had so recently been restored in the Athens of his day, and indeed against any
form of government that did not conform to his ideal of a perfect republic led by philosophers.
 It is argued that Socrates believed "ideals belong in a world only the wise man can understand",
making the philosopher the only type of person suitable to govern others.
 He believed that the will of the majority was not necessarily a good method of decision-making,
but that it was much more important that decisions be logical and defensible.
 In Plato's "early" dialogue, "Apology of Socrates" Socrates refused to enter politics because he
could not tell other people how to lead their lives when he didn't know how to live his own. He
thought he was a philosopher of truth, which he had not fully discovered.

22. The Demise of Socrates

23. ACCUSATIONS
 Corrupting the minds of the youth of Athens
 Impiety - not believing in the gods of the state
 Nevertheless found guilty of any charges And sentenced to death by drinking mixture
containing poison hemlock

24. PLATO’S APOLOGY
 Meletus: “Well, I tell you well, Socrates. If you will stop doing it, we will drop
these charges”.
 Socrates: “ I am not going to do that. I am going to continue. As long as I live, I
am going to go around and question, and follow the truth wherever it is.”

25. REPUDIATION
 Socrates had an opportunity to escape, as his followers were able to bribe the prison
guards
 He chose to stay, declining their offer for following possible reasons:
 Indicate a fear of death, which he believed no true philosopher has
 Unprincipled act
 His friends would become liable in law

26. FINAL WORDS
 "Crito, we owe a rooster to Asclepius. Please, don't forget to pay the debt."
 Asclepius was the Greek god for curing illness, and it is likely Socrates' last words
meant that death is the cure—and freedom, of the soul from the body.

27. LEGACY
 “I am not going to escape, I am going to stay right here. If I were to escape after having
been found legally guilty, that would set a bad example. I am going to obey the law. And
so the young people will not be corrupted by my example.”
 Claiming that his whole life – a search for absolute truths – had been a preparation for
death

28. EFFECT IN HISTORY
 Socrates' teachings trickled down into later philosophers, such as Aristotle.
 His methods and thoughts on cities helped shape later views on them.
 Socrates' ideas and philosophies are present in later civilizations and governments.

29. SOCRATES TODAY
 Socrates is known as the father of modern philosophy.
 Revered as beginning western philosophy.
 Ideas and philosophy is found today in
◦ The structure of the United States
◦ The idea of a persons relationship to their government.
 His teachings and applications of:
◦ Logos- Logic
◦ Stance on argument
◦ Philosophies of debate
all used in everyday life and legal studies today.