Anatomy of penis & physiology of erection
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
5 likes•1,657 views
The penis has three cylindrical structures that create erections. During sexual stimulation, neurotransmitters are released that cause smooth muscle relaxation and dilation of arteries. This increases blood flow into the penis, compressing veins to trap blood and cause rigidity. Erection requires relaxation of sinusoidal spaces in the corpora cavernosa, dilation of arteries, and compression of veins. Both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems innervate the penis and play roles in sensations and rigid erections through pelvic plexus pathways and spinal cord regions. Various neurotransmitters and hormones systemically and locally influence flaccidity and erection.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Anatomy of penis and physiology of erection
The document provides information on the anatomy and physiology of the penis and erection. It discusses:
1) The anatomy of the penis including the corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, skin, fascia, tunica albuginea and ligaments.
2) The physiology of erection including relaxation of cavernous smooth muscle allowing blood flow into sinusoids, compression of veins leading to rigidity, and the roles of neurotransmitters, hormones and molecular mechanisms.
3) The phases of erection including flaccid, tumescent, full erection and detumescent phases and changes in blood flow and pressure that occur in each phase.
Physiology of penile erection, pathophysiology evaluation & management of ed
The document discusses the physiology of penile erection and the pathophysiology and management of erectile dysfunction. It covers the historical understanding of erection from ancient times through modern discoveries. Key points include that erection is caused by arterial inflow exceeding venous outflow due to relaxation of penile smooth muscle and compression of veins. Nitric oxide and phosphodiesterases play important roles. Erection involves reflex, psychogenic and nocturnal types triggered by various neural pathways and neurotransmitters like nitric oxide and endothelin.
Anatomy penis.pptx
This document provides tips and instructions for using a PowerPoint presentation on penile anatomy and pathology. It recommends showing blank slides to elicit student responses before providing content. Repeating this process of "active learning" three times will reinforce the material. The presentation covers learning objectives, anatomy, embryology, vascular supply, innervation, and pathology. It aims to be useful for both classroom learning and self-study.
Prostate
Benign and malignant diseases of the prostate, along with brief overview of the normal anatomy, physiology and histology.
Penile anatomy
This document provides an overview of penile anatomy. It describes the external structures of the penis including the skin, root, body, corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, dartos fascia, and Buck's fascia. It also details the internal anatomy such as the arterial and venous blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and nerve supply. Surgical implications are discussed regarding the arterial patterns and blood supply to different penile regions. Key points are made about vascularity and tissues involved in hypospadias.
anatomy of Perineum urogenital triangle
The document discusses the anatomy of the perineum region in males and females. It describes key structures like the urogenital triangle, anal triangle, levator ani muscle, pelvic fascia, perineal membrane, superficial and deep perineal pouches, urogenital diaphragm, and perineal body. It provides details on the layers of fascia in the region, contents of the pouches, functions of the perineal body, and injuries that can occur like lacerations or episiotomies. The document is authored by Dr. Mohamed El fiky, Professor of anatomy and embryology.
URETER - ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, EMBRYOLOGY
This document provides an overview of the embryology, anatomy, and physiology of the ureter. It discusses the embryonic development of the ureter from the ureteric bud. Anatomically, it describes the course, relations, blood supply, innervation, and sites of narrowing of the ureter. Physiologically, it explains the electrical and contractile properties of ureteral smooth muscle cells, the generation and propagation of action potentials, the role of neurotransmitters and second messengers in contraction, and the mechanical properties and pressure-length relationships of the ureter. The nervous system is noted to have a modulatory rather than essential role in ureteral peristalsis.
Anterior abdominal wall
This document summarizes the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall. It describes the layers of the abdominal wall including skin, superficial fascia, Scarpa's layer, and muscles. The major muscles discussed are the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, and pyramidalis. It provides details on the origin, insertion, direction, and nerve supply of each muscle. Additionally, it covers the linea alba, rectus sheath, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and actions of the muscles including expulsive acts, trunk movements, and respiration.
Recommended
Anatomy of penis and physiology of erection
The document provides information on the anatomy and physiology of the penis and erection. It discusses:
1) The anatomy of the penis including the corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, skin, fascia, tunica albuginea and ligaments.
2) The physiology of erection including relaxation of cavernous smooth muscle allowing blood flow into sinusoids, compression of veins leading to rigidity, and the roles of neurotransmitters, hormones and molecular mechanisms.
3) The phases of erection including flaccid, tumescent, full erection and detumescent phases and changes in blood flow and pressure that occur in each phase.
Physiology of penile erection, pathophysiology evaluation & management of ed
The document discusses the physiology of penile erection and the pathophysiology and management of erectile dysfunction. It covers the historical understanding of erection from ancient times through modern discoveries. Key points include that erection is caused by arterial inflow exceeding venous outflow due to relaxation of penile smooth muscle and compression of veins. Nitric oxide and phosphodiesterases play important roles. Erection involves reflex, psychogenic and nocturnal types triggered by various neural pathways and neurotransmitters like nitric oxide and endothelin.
Anatomy penis.pptx
This document provides tips and instructions for using a PowerPoint presentation on penile anatomy and pathology. It recommends showing blank slides to elicit student responses before providing content. Repeating this process of "active learning" three times will reinforce the material. The presentation covers learning objectives, anatomy, embryology, vascular supply, innervation, and pathology. It aims to be useful for both classroom learning and self-study.
Prostate
Benign and malignant diseases of the prostate, along with brief overview of the normal anatomy, physiology and histology.
Penile anatomy
This document provides an overview of penile anatomy. It describes the external structures of the penis including the skin, root, body, corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, dartos fascia, and Buck's fascia. It also details the internal anatomy such as the arterial and venous blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and nerve supply. Surgical implications are discussed regarding the arterial patterns and blood supply to different penile regions. Key points are made about vascularity and tissues involved in hypospadias.
anatomy of Perineum urogenital triangle
The document discusses the anatomy of the perineum region in males and females. It describes key structures like the urogenital triangle, anal triangle, levator ani muscle, pelvic fascia, perineal membrane, superficial and deep perineal pouches, urogenital diaphragm, and perineal body. It provides details on the layers of fascia in the region, contents of the pouches, functions of the perineal body, and injuries that can occur like lacerations or episiotomies. The document is authored by Dr. Mohamed El fiky, Professor of anatomy and embryology.
URETER - ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, EMBRYOLOGY
This document provides an overview of the embryology, anatomy, and physiology of the ureter. It discusses the embryonic development of the ureter from the ureteric bud. Anatomically, it describes the course, relations, blood supply, innervation, and sites of narrowing of the ureter. Physiologically, it explains the electrical and contractile properties of ureteral smooth muscle cells, the generation and propagation of action potentials, the role of neurotransmitters and second messengers in contraction, and the mechanical properties and pressure-length relationships of the ureter. The nervous system is noted to have a modulatory rather than essential role in ureteral peristalsis.
Anterior abdominal wall
This document summarizes the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall. It describes the layers of the abdominal wall including skin, superficial fascia, Scarpa's layer, and muscles. The major muscles discussed are the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, and pyramidalis. It provides details on the origin, insertion, direction, and nerve supply of each muscle. Additionally, it covers the linea alba, rectus sheath, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and actions of the muscles including expulsive acts, trunk movements, and respiration.
Anatomy of perineum
website: http://www.am-medicine.com
Facebook page : https://www.facebook.com/pages/Am-medicine/207726329406832
Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1409138472653811/
Urological emergencies
references : Smith’s general urology Emil A.tanagho, jack W.McAninch
ارولوژی عمومی دکترناصرسیم فروش، دکتر اکبرنورعلیزاده
Urogenital triangle
This document discusses the anatomy of the urogenital triangle and classification of urethral injuries. It begins with an overview of the bony pelvis and ligaments, followed by the muscles that support the pelvic floor including the levator ani and coccygeus. It then describes the urogenital diaphragm and its contents. Several classifications of urethral injuries are presented, including the McCallum & Col Pinto classification for posterior injuries and the AAST classification system for severity grading. Injuries can be anterior or posterior, with posterior injuries often associated with pelvic fractures from trauma.
Anatomy of anal canal
The anal canal begins at the ano-rectal junction and extends downwards for approximately 4 cm, ending at the anal orifice. It is surrounded by two sphincter muscles - the internal and external sphincters. The pectinate line divides the anal canal into upper and lower regions with different anatomical features. Blood supply comes from the superior, middle, and inferior rectal arteries while drainage is through internal and external hemorrhoidal veins. Nerve supply is from the inferior hypogastric plexus and pudendal nerve. Anal fistulae are abnormal tracts that can develop connecting the anal canal to the perianal skin.
Surgical Anatomy of Prostate
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and surgical procedures related to the prostate gland. It begins with the surgical anatomy of the prostate, including its relations to surrounding structures, coverings, lobes, blood supply, lymphatic drainage and innervation. It then discusses various prostate surgeries like TURP, open and laparoscopic prostatectomy. It concludes with potential complications of prostate surgery, such as injuries, urinary incontinence, and issues with erection, ejaculation and fertility. Videos are also embedded to demonstrate different prostate procedures.
Urethra
The document summarizes the anatomy of the male and female urethra. It describes the three parts of the male urethra - prostatic, membranous, and spongy/penile urethra. It provides details on the length, location, and features of each part. The document also discusses the arterial supply, venous drainage, and lymphatic drainage of the male urethra. For the female urethra, it notes the length and location, as well as surrounding glands like the urethral and paraurethral glands. Infections of the female urinary bladder are more common due to the shorter length of the female urethra
ANATOMY OF ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
The anterior abdominal wall has several layers including skin, superficial fascia, muscles, and peritoneum. The superficial fascia contains two layers - Camper's fascia and Scarpa's fascia. There are 5 muscles in the anterior abdominal wall - 3 flat muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis) and 2 vertical muscles (rectus abdominis, pyramidalis). The rectus abdominis muscles are enclosed in a sheath formed by the aponeuroses of the lateral muscles. Several important anatomical landmarks are described including the linea alba, arcuate line, and semilunar line. The abdominal wall has blood supply from superior and inferior epigastric
Management of fistula in ano recent advances
Recent Advances in the Management of Fistula in Ano
Presentor: Dr.S.Sivasankar
Post Graduate Resident
General Surgery
Urinary extravasation
This document discusses urinary extravasation, which is when urine leaks out of the urinary tract into other body cavities. It defines two types - superficial and deep extravasation. Superficial extravasation occurs above the perineal membrane and is usually caused by injuries to the penile urethra during instrumentation. Deep extravasation occurs below the perineal membrane due to injuries of the membranous urethra or extraperitoneal bladder from pelvic trauma. Management involves pain relief, antibiotics, suprapubic catheterization, and sometimes surgical exploration and drainage of collections.
Urodynamic study
1. Urodynamics describes physiological tests used to investigate lower urinary tract function, with cystometry being the most important test. Cystometry measures pressure-volume relationships during bladder filling and voiding.
2. Urodynamics tests the storage and evacuation of urine to reproduce a patient's symptoms and determine their underlying cause. Tests include cystometry, uroflowmetry, and pressure-flow studies.
3. Urodynamics is indicated for incontinence, suspected outflow obstruction, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, and children with voiding issues. It helps characterize detrusor and bladder outlet function and diagnose neuropathies.
Femoral Hernia
Femoral hernias occur when abdominal contents protrude through the femoral ring into the femoral canal. They are more common in elderly women and often present without a visible lump. Half of patients are unaware of the hernia prior to strangulation. Treatment involves surgical repair via open or laparoscopic surgery to reduce hernia contents and reinforce the femoral ring with sutures or mesh. Complications are higher if the hernia is incarcerated or strangulated at time of emergency surgery. With elective repair, prognosis is generally good with low recurrence rates.
Bowel anastomosis
This document discusses intestinal anastomosis, which involves creating a connection between intestinal loops or ends. Intestinal anastomosis is commonly performed for elective and emergency cases involving conditions like cancer, infections, or obstructions. The key factors for a successful anastomosis are minimal contamination, good blood supply, and tension-free apposition of the intestinal ends. The document compares hand-sewn and stapled techniques, noting that while staplers are faster, studies have found no difference in outcomes between the two methods. Proper patient factors and surgical technique are more important than the specific method used.
Anatomy of Ureter
Hello, friend in this PPT i am taking study material of ureter anatomy, by authentic book...reference like Vishram singh, grays anatomy.
Femoral hernia
Femoral hernias occur when abdominal contents protrude through the femoral canal in the groin. They are less common than inguinal hernias but more common in females, especially multiparous women. Contents can include fat, lymphatics, and the lymph node of Cloquet. Femoral hernias are often missed on examination and can become obstructed or strangulated, causing pain, tenderness, and vomiting. Surgical repair options include open techniques like the Lockwood Low operation through a transverse incision or laparoscopic approaches using mesh.
Celiac trunk
The document summarizes the branches of the abdominal aorta. It describes the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery as the three anterior branches that arise from the abdominal aorta and supply the gastrointestinal viscera. The celiac trunk divides into the left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery. The superior mesenteric artery has five branches including the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery and jejunal/ileal arteries. The inferior mesenteric artery has three branches including the left colic artery and sigmoid arteries.
Principles of bowel anastomosis
This document discusses principles of bowel anastomosis, including types of anastomoses, indications for anastomoses, pre-operative preparation, intra-operative techniques, post-operative care, complications, and controversies. It covers topics such as hand-sewn versus stapled anastomoses, single versus double layer closure, inversion versus eversion of tissue, and use of abdominal drains and NG tubes. The goal of bowel anastomosis is to successfully rejoin bowel segments through meticulous surgical technique and postoperative management in order to restore intestinal continuity.
Anal Canal.pptx
This document provides tips for using a PowerPoint presentation on the anal canal:
1. The presentation can be freely downloaded, edited, and modified. Blank slides are included to engage students by asking questions before presenting content.
2. The presentation follows an active learning approach where blank slides are first shown to elicit existing student knowledge, followed by content slides to supplement their understanding.
3. Additional details on the bibliography and links to download the full presentation are provided at the end.
Inguinal canal final
The inguinal canal is a fibromuscular passage in the lower anterior abdominal wall that extends from the deep inguinal ring to the superficial inguinal ring. It contains the spermatic cord structures in males or the round ligament in females. The main contents include the ductus deferens, testicular vessels, and nerves like the ilioinguinal and genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve. Inguinal hernias occur when abdominal contents like intestine protrude through weak areas in the inguinal canal walls. They can be indirect, occurring through the deep inguinal ring, or direct, through the posterior inguinal wall. Treatment involves surgical hernia repair using techniques
Anatomy of genitourinary system
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the genitourinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and reproductive organs. It describes the location and internal structure of the kidneys and notes their blood supply from the renal arteries. It then discusses the ureters, which drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Finally, it summarizes the anatomy of the bladder and urethra in both males and females.
Enterocutaneous fistula
This document discusses enterocutaneous fistulas, abnormal connections between the skin and gut. The ileum is the most common site of origin. Management is based on the principles of stabilization, nutrition, anatomy evaluation, and treatment planning. Low output fistulas (<500 ml/day) may heal spontaneously but high output fistulas require further intervention like surgery to close the fistula tract. Careful surgery can help prevent iatrogenic fistula formation, which accounts for the majority of cases.
Mechanism of ejection and eraculation
Erection requires three things: sinusoidal relaxation in the corpora cavernosa, arteriole dilatation to increase blood flow, and venous compression to maintain the erection. During sexual stimulation, neurotransmitters are released that cause smooth muscle relaxation in the arteries and compression of the subtunical veins, allowing blood to fill the corpora cavernosa and produce an erection. Both the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic) and somatic nerves are involved in the neurophysiology of erection through the release of various neurotransmitters in both the peripheral and central nervous systems.
Anatomy of spine and autonomic ns
The spine is made up of 33 stacked bones that are connected by ligaments and muscles. It provides structure and support for the body, allowing for movement. Within the spinal canal runs the spinal cord, which connects the brain to the rest of the body and enables movement and sensation. The spine has natural curves that absorb shock and help maintain balance. Key regions include the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccyx vertebrae. Between each vertebrae is an intervertebral disc that acts as a shock absorber and allows for movement. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions and is composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which work in opposition to regulate various organs and glands
More Related Content
What's hot
Anatomy of perineum
website: http://www.am-medicine.com
Facebook page : https://www.facebook.com/pages/Am-medicine/207726329406832
Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1409138472653811/
Urological emergencies
references : Smith’s general urology Emil A.tanagho, jack W.McAninch
ارولوژی عمومی دکترناصرسیم فروش، دکتر اکبرنورعلیزاده
Urogenital triangle
This document discusses the anatomy of the urogenital triangle and classification of urethral injuries. It begins with an overview of the bony pelvis and ligaments, followed by the muscles that support the pelvic floor including the levator ani and coccygeus. It then describes the urogenital diaphragm and its contents. Several classifications of urethral injuries are presented, including the McCallum & Col Pinto classification for posterior injuries and the AAST classification system for severity grading. Injuries can be anterior or posterior, with posterior injuries often associated with pelvic fractures from trauma.
Anatomy of anal canal
The anal canal begins at the ano-rectal junction and extends downwards for approximately 4 cm, ending at the anal orifice. It is surrounded by two sphincter muscles - the internal and external sphincters. The pectinate line divides the anal canal into upper and lower regions with different anatomical features. Blood supply comes from the superior, middle, and inferior rectal arteries while drainage is through internal and external hemorrhoidal veins. Nerve supply is from the inferior hypogastric plexus and pudendal nerve. Anal fistulae are abnormal tracts that can develop connecting the anal canal to the perianal skin.
Surgical Anatomy of Prostate
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and surgical procedures related to the prostate gland. It begins with the surgical anatomy of the prostate, including its relations to surrounding structures, coverings, lobes, blood supply, lymphatic drainage and innervation. It then discusses various prostate surgeries like TURP, open and laparoscopic prostatectomy. It concludes with potential complications of prostate surgery, such as injuries, urinary incontinence, and issues with erection, ejaculation and fertility. Videos are also embedded to demonstrate different prostate procedures.
Urethra
The document summarizes the anatomy of the male and female urethra. It describes the three parts of the male urethra - prostatic, membranous, and spongy/penile urethra. It provides details on the length, location, and features of each part. The document also discusses the arterial supply, venous drainage, and lymphatic drainage of the male urethra. For the female urethra, it notes the length and location, as well as surrounding glands like the urethral and paraurethral glands. Infections of the female urinary bladder are more common due to the shorter length of the female urethra
ANATOMY OF ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
The anterior abdominal wall has several layers including skin, superficial fascia, muscles, and peritoneum. The superficial fascia contains two layers - Camper's fascia and Scarpa's fascia. There are 5 muscles in the anterior abdominal wall - 3 flat muscles (external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis) and 2 vertical muscles (rectus abdominis, pyramidalis). The rectus abdominis muscles are enclosed in a sheath formed by the aponeuroses of the lateral muscles. Several important anatomical landmarks are described including the linea alba, arcuate line, and semilunar line. The abdominal wall has blood supply from superior and inferior epigastric
Management of fistula in ano recent advances
Recent Advances in the Management of Fistula in Ano
Presentor: Dr.S.Sivasankar
Post Graduate Resident
General Surgery
Urinary extravasation
This document discusses urinary extravasation, which is when urine leaks out of the urinary tract into other body cavities. It defines two types - superficial and deep extravasation. Superficial extravasation occurs above the perineal membrane and is usually caused by injuries to the penile urethra during instrumentation. Deep extravasation occurs below the perineal membrane due to injuries of the membranous urethra or extraperitoneal bladder from pelvic trauma. Management involves pain relief, antibiotics, suprapubic catheterization, and sometimes surgical exploration and drainage of collections.
Urodynamic study
1. Urodynamics describes physiological tests used to investigate lower urinary tract function, with cystometry being the most important test. Cystometry measures pressure-volume relationships during bladder filling and voiding.
2. Urodynamics tests the storage and evacuation of urine to reproduce a patient's symptoms and determine their underlying cause. Tests include cystometry, uroflowmetry, and pressure-flow studies.
3. Urodynamics is indicated for incontinence, suspected outflow obstruction, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, and children with voiding issues. It helps characterize detrusor and bladder outlet function and diagnose neuropathies.
Femoral Hernia
Femoral hernias occur when abdominal contents protrude through the femoral ring into the femoral canal. They are more common in elderly women and often present without a visible lump. Half of patients are unaware of the hernia prior to strangulation. Treatment involves surgical repair via open or laparoscopic surgery to reduce hernia contents and reinforce the femoral ring with sutures or mesh. Complications are higher if the hernia is incarcerated or strangulated at time of emergency surgery. With elective repair, prognosis is generally good with low recurrence rates.
Bowel anastomosis
This document discusses intestinal anastomosis, which involves creating a connection between intestinal loops or ends. Intestinal anastomosis is commonly performed for elective and emergency cases involving conditions like cancer, infections, or obstructions. The key factors for a successful anastomosis are minimal contamination, good blood supply, and tension-free apposition of the intestinal ends. The document compares hand-sewn and stapled techniques, noting that while staplers are faster, studies have found no difference in outcomes between the two methods. Proper patient factors and surgical technique are more important than the specific method used.
Anatomy of Ureter
Hello, friend in this PPT i am taking study material of ureter anatomy, by authentic book...reference like Vishram singh, grays anatomy.
Femoral hernia
Femoral hernias occur when abdominal contents protrude through the femoral canal in the groin. They are less common than inguinal hernias but more common in females, especially multiparous women. Contents can include fat, lymphatics, and the lymph node of Cloquet. Femoral hernias are often missed on examination and can become obstructed or strangulated, causing pain, tenderness, and vomiting. Surgical repair options include open techniques like the Lockwood Low operation through a transverse incision or laparoscopic approaches using mesh.
Celiac trunk
The document summarizes the branches of the abdominal aorta. It describes the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery as the three anterior branches that arise from the abdominal aorta and supply the gastrointestinal viscera. The celiac trunk divides into the left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery. The superior mesenteric artery has five branches including the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery and jejunal/ileal arteries. The inferior mesenteric artery has three branches including the left colic artery and sigmoid arteries.
Principles of bowel anastomosis
This document discusses principles of bowel anastomosis, including types of anastomoses, indications for anastomoses, pre-operative preparation, intra-operative techniques, post-operative care, complications, and controversies. It covers topics such as hand-sewn versus stapled anastomoses, single versus double layer closure, inversion versus eversion of tissue, and use of abdominal drains and NG tubes. The goal of bowel anastomosis is to successfully rejoin bowel segments through meticulous surgical technique and postoperative management in order to restore intestinal continuity.
Anal Canal.pptx
This document provides tips for using a PowerPoint presentation on the anal canal:
1. The presentation can be freely downloaded, edited, and modified. Blank slides are included to engage students by asking questions before presenting content.
2. The presentation follows an active learning approach where blank slides are first shown to elicit existing student knowledge, followed by content slides to supplement their understanding.
3. Additional details on the bibliography and links to download the full presentation are provided at the end.
Inguinal canal final
The inguinal canal is a fibromuscular passage in the lower anterior abdominal wall that extends from the deep inguinal ring to the superficial inguinal ring. It contains the spermatic cord structures in males or the round ligament in females. The main contents include the ductus deferens, testicular vessels, and nerves like the ilioinguinal and genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve. Inguinal hernias occur when abdominal contents like intestine protrude through weak areas in the inguinal canal walls. They can be indirect, occurring through the deep inguinal ring, or direct, through the posterior inguinal wall. Treatment involves surgical hernia repair using techniques
Anatomy of genitourinary system
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the genitourinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and reproductive organs. It describes the location and internal structure of the kidneys and notes their blood supply from the renal arteries. It then discusses the ureters, which drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Finally, it summarizes the anatomy of the bladder and urethra in both males and females.
Enterocutaneous fistula
This document discusses enterocutaneous fistulas, abnormal connections between the skin and gut. The ileum is the most common site of origin. Management is based on the principles of stabilization, nutrition, anatomy evaluation, and treatment planning. Low output fistulas (<500 ml/day) may heal spontaneously but high output fistulas require further intervention like surgery to close the fistula tract. Careful surgery can help prevent iatrogenic fistula formation, which accounts for the majority of cases.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Anatomy of penis & physiology of erection
Mechanism of ejection and eraculation
Erection requires three things: sinusoidal relaxation in the corpora cavernosa, arteriole dilatation to increase blood flow, and venous compression to maintain the erection. During sexual stimulation, neurotransmitters are released that cause smooth muscle relaxation in the arteries and compression of the subtunical veins, allowing blood to fill the corpora cavernosa and produce an erection. Both the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic) and somatic nerves are involved in the neurophysiology of erection through the release of various neurotransmitters in both the peripheral and central nervous systems.
Anatomy of spine and autonomic ns
The spine is made up of 33 stacked bones that are connected by ligaments and muscles. It provides structure and support for the body, allowing for movement. Within the spinal canal runs the spinal cord, which connects the brain to the rest of the body and enables movement and sensation. The spine has natural curves that absorb shock and help maintain balance. Key regions include the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccyx vertebrae. Between each vertebrae is an intervertebral disc that acts as a shock absorber and allows for movement. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions and is composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which work in opposition to regulate various organs and glands
Ed
1) Penile erection requires the coordinated interaction of the psychological, endocrine, neurologic, and vascular systems. Sexual stimulation leads to nitric oxide production which activates guanylate cyclase and cGMP, relaxing smooth muscles and causing vasocongestion and erection.
2) Erections can be genital, central-stimulated, or central-originated. The internal structure of the penis includes three corpora cavernosa and a spongiosum. Blood flow into the penis helps maintain erection by blocking venous outflow.
3) Relaxation of cavernous smooth muscle is key to erection. Nitric oxide and cGMP cause smooth muscle relaxation by opening potassium channels,
automatic nervous system and drugs
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates involuntary bodily functions through its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The sympathetic "fight or flight" system activates responses like increased heart rate while the parasympathetic "rest and digest" system triggers processes like digestion. Neurotransmission in the ANS uses acetylcholine and norepinephrine to activate responses in organs through stimulation or inhibition of g-protein coupled receptors and ion channels. Cholinergic drugs can either mimic or inhibit acetylcholine to regulate these autonomic functions.
Physiology of micturition
The document summarizes the physiology of micturition (urination). It discusses the anatomy of the ureters and bladder, as well as their innervation. It describes the mechanisms of bladder filling and emptying, including the micturition reflex. It also covers central control of micturition and applied aspects like spinal cord injuries. Recent advances discussed include the sensory role of non-neuronal cells in the bladder and potential new treatments.
Anatomical and physiological consideration of ans [autosaved] [autosaved]
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the autonomic nervous system. It discusses the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions in terms of their locations, pathways, neurotransmitters, and functions. Key points include:
- The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary body processes through two divisions - the sympathetic ("fight or flight") and parasympathetic ("rest and digest") nervous systems.
- Both divisions contain two neurons - a preganglionic neuron from the CNS and a postganglionic neuron.
- The sympathetic division uses norepinephrine as its main neurotransmitter while the parasympathetic uses acetylcholine.
- Autonomic functions include heart rate, blood pressure, respiration,
ANS POWERPOINT (1).pptx
The autonomic nervous system is divided into the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. The parasympathetic division activates rest and digest functions like increasing gastric secretions and the sympathetic division prepares the body for fight or flight through responses like increased heart rate. Both divisions use two neurons - a preganglionic neuron which terminates at a ganglion and a postganglionic neuron which innervates the target organ. The parasympathetic division originates in the brainstem and sacral spinal cord and the sympathetic division originates in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord. Acetylcholine and norepinephrine act as the main neurotransmitters between neurons.
ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION ppt - Copy - Copy.pptx
This document discusses the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. It begins with the anatomy of the penis and details the structures involved in erection, including arteries, veins, nerves, and erectile tissue. It then discusses the physiology of the erectile process and factors involved in both attaining and maintaining an erection. It outlines various etiologies of erectile dysfunction including neurogenic, vasculogenic, hormonal abnormalities, medications, lifestyle factors, and aging.
Autonomic nervous system in psychiatry
The document summarizes the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It discusses that the ANS acts as an involuntary control system and is divided into the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems. The sympathetic "fight or flight" system is activated during stress and increases heart rate while the parasympathetic "rest and digest" system decreases heart rate. Dysregulation of the ANS is associated with psychiatric disorders like depression and anxiety. The ANS plays an important role in mood, stress response, and social behavior according to theories like the polyvagal theory.
1-anatomy_and_physiology
This document provides an outline and overview of human anatomy and physiology covering the cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal, and nervous systems. It describes the main components and functions of each system in 1-3 sentences per item. The cardiovascular system overview includes the heart anatomy, vascular system, heart physiology, and cardiovascular system functions. The respiratory system overview lists its 4 components and describes the physiology of respiration. The skeletal system overview outlines its major functions and divisions. The nervous system overview divides it anatomically and functionally into the central and peripheral nervous systems.
1-anatomy_and_physiology
This document provides an outline and overview of human anatomy and physiology covering the cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal, and nervous systems. It describes the main components and functions of each system in 1-3 sentences per item. The cardiovascular system overview includes the heart anatomy, vascular system, heart physiology, and cardiovascular system functions. The respiratory system overview lists its 4 components and describes the physiology of respiration. The skeletal system overview outlines its major functions and divisions. The nervous system overview divides it anatomically and functionally into the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Neurogenic bladder
The document discusses neurogenic bladder and its anatomy, innervation, and types. It provides details on:
1) The urinary bladder is innervated by the parasympathetic, sympathetic, and somatic nervous systems which control storage and voiding functions.
2) There are several types of neurogenic bladder depending on the location of lesions in the central or peripheral nervous system, including loss of supraspinal control, spinal cord lesions above or at the sacral level.
3) Evaluating the type of neurogenic bladder helps determine the symptoms, cystometric findings, and appropriate management.
ppt on ANS.pptx
The presentation discusses the autonomic nervous system. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for fight or flight through actions like increased heart rate. The parasympathetic nervous system helps to rest and digest and slows actions like heart rate. Together they work to regulate involuntary body functions and maintain homeostasis. Key functions include control of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary and stress response systems.
ANS - Dr Jesi.pptx
The document discusses the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic division is responsible for the "fight or flight" response and increases heart rate and metabolism, while the parasympathetic division elicits "rest and digest" responses like decreasing heart rate and increasing gastrointestinal function. The ANS helps regulate many involuntary body functions and maintains homeostasis. It transmits signals via the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons with acetylcholine or norepinephrine as neurotransmitters depending on the division. The ANS acts antagonistically on certain organs like the heart or complementarily like on salivary glands and integrates input from the central nervous system to control
Spinal cord by Dr. Pandian M
INTRODUCTION
GRAY MATTER
WHITE MATTER
TRACTS IN SPINAL CORD
ASCENDING TRACTS
DESCENDING TRACTS
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Esophageal motility
This document summarizes esophageal motility and the neural control of the esophagus. It discusses:
1) The esophagus has striated muscles proximally and smooth muscles distally. Primary peristalsis involves both central and peripheral mechanisms, while secondary peristalsis is controlled peripherally.
2) The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) prevents backflow of gastric contents and maintains higher pressure than the stomach and esophagus. It exhibits tonic contraction mediated by myogenic properties rather than neural responses.
3) Swallowed-induced LES relaxation is mediated by vagal inhibitory pathways releasing nitric oxide, while transient LES relaxations are stimulated by gastric distension
Neurogenic Bladder
This document provides an overview of neurogenic bladder. It begins with an introduction defining neurogenic bladder as bladder dysfunction due to central nervous system or peripheral nerve disease. It then covers the relevant anatomy and physiology including the innervation of the bladder. The document discusses the central neural control of micturition and the normal voiding process. It also covers development of bladder control in adults and provides descriptions of terminology related to storage and emptying problems.
Peripheral nervous system,Central nervous system
The peripheral nervous system has two main subsystems - the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system can be further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for fight or flight responses while the parasympathetic nervous system helps with rest and digestion. There are also 31 pairs of spinal nerves that carry signals between the brain/spinal cord and the rest of the body. The cranial nerves similarly connect the brain to different parts of the head and neck.
Urinary bladder dysfunction in neurosuregry
The bladder anatomy and its innervation are described. The bladder neck is composed of smooth muscle and elastic tissue and contains the internal urethral sphincter. Beyond this is the external urethral sphincter in the urogenital diaphragm. Micturition is controlled by the pontine micturition center and storage is maintained by sympathetic and somatic innervation. Neurogenic bladder dysfunction is classified based on the lesion level and includes uninhibited, reflex, sensory paralytic, motor paralytic, and autonomous bladders. Evaluation involves history, exam, labs, imaging of the upper and lower tracts, and urodynamics to assess filling and voiding functions.
Obstructive sleep apnoea(OSA)
OSA is an entity that is increasingly being managed by otolaryngologists...Hope this presentation helps to clear any doubts regarding its diagnosis and management!
Similar to Anatomy of penis & physiology of erection (20)
Anatomical and physiological consideration of ans [autosaved] [autosaved]
Anatomical and physiological consideration of ans [autosaved] [autosaved]
Recently uploaded
FACIAL NERVE
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
一比一原版(UoA毕业证)昆士兰科技大学毕业证如何办理
UoA毕业证学历书【微信95270640】办文凭{昆士兰科技大学毕业证}Q微Q微信95270640UoA毕业证书成绩单/学历认证UoA Diploma未毕业、挂科怎么办？+QQ微信：Q微信95270640-大学Offer（申请大学）、成绩单（申请考研）、语言证书、在读证明、使馆公证、办真实留信网认证、真实大使馆认证、学历认证
办理国外昆士兰科技大学毕业证书 #成绩单改成绩 #教育部学历学位认证 #毕业证认证 #留服认证 #使馆认证（留学回国人员证明） #（证）等
真实教育部认证教育部存档中国教育部留学服务中心认证（即教育部留服认证）网站100%可查.
真实使馆认证（即留学人员回国证明）使馆存档可通过大使馆查询确认.
留信网认证国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书留信网永久存档可查.
昆士兰科技大学昆士兰科技大学毕业证文凭证书毕业证 #成绩单等全套材料从防伪到印刷从水印到钢印烫金跟学校原版100%相同.
国际留学归国服务中心：实体公司注册经营行业标杆精益求精！
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理流程：
1客户提供办理昆士兰科技大学昆士兰科技大学毕业证文凭证书信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作昆士兰科技大学毕业证成绩单电子图；
3昆士兰科技大学毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4昆士兰科技大学毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5昆士兰科技大学成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快递邮寄昆士兰科技大学昆士兰科技大学毕业证文凭证书）。闷不乐的样子父亲特意带山娃去找三楼房东家的儿子小伍玩小伍比山娃小一岁虎头虎脑的很霸气父亲让山娃跟小伍去夏令营听课山娃很高兴夏令营就设在附近一所小学山娃发现那所小学比自己的学校更大更美操场上还铺有塑胶跑道呢里面很多小朋友一班一班的快快乐乐原来城里娃都藏这儿来了怪不得平时见不到他们山娃恍然大悟起来吹拉弹唱琴棋书画山娃都不懂却什么都想学山娃怨自己太笨什么都不会斟酌再三山娃终于选定了学美术当听说每月要交感
Psychedelic Retreat Portugal - Escape to Lighthouse Retreats for an unforgett...
Our aim is to organise conscious gatherings and retreats for open and inquisitive minds and souls, with and without the assistance of sacred plants.
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024 with Policy Makers, Academic Innovation C...
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024. Includes 7 categories: Policy Makers, Academic Innovation Centers, Digital Health Providers, Healthcare Providers, Payers / Insurance, Device Companies, Life Science Companies, Innovation Accelerators. Developed by the Michigan-Israel Business Accelerator
U Part Wigs_ A Natural Look with Minimal Effort Jokerwigs.in.pdf
Joker Wigs has been a one-stop-shop for hair products for over 26 years. We provide high-quality hair wigs, hair extensions, hair toppers, hair patch, and more for both men and women.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdf
Here are some key objectives of communication with children:
Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
Foster Positive Relationships:
Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
Support Learning and Development:
Aid cognitive and language development through engaging and meaningful conversations.
Teach Social Skills:
Encourage polite, respectful, and empathetic interactions with others.
Resolve Conflicts:
Provide tools and guidance for children to handle disagreements constructively.
Encourage Independence:
Support children in making decisions and solving problems on their own.
Provide Reassurance and Comfort:
Offer comfort and understanding during times of distress or uncertainty.
Reinforce Positive Behavior:
Acknowledge and encourage positive actions and behaviors.
Guide and Educate:
Offer clear instructions and explanations to help children understand expectations and learn new concepts.
By focusing on these objectives, communication with children can be both effective and nurturing, supporting their overall growth and well-being.
CAPNOGRAPHY and CAPNOMETRY/ ETCO2 .pptx
End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is the level of carbon dioxide that is released at the end of an exhaled breath. ETCO2 levels reflect the adequacy with which carbon dioxide (CO2) is carried in the blood back to the lungs and exhaled.
Non-invasive methods for ETCO2 measurement include capnometry and capnography. Capnometry provides a numerical value for ETCO2. In contrast, capnography delivers a more comprehensive measurement that is displayed in both graphical (waveform) and numerical form.
Sidestream devices can monitor both intubated and non-intubated patients, while mainstream devices are most often limited to intubated patients.
Know Latest Hiranandani Hospital Powai News.pdf
As Mumbai's premier kidney transplant and donation center, L H Hiranandani Hospital Powai is not just a medical facility; it's a beacon of hope where cutting-edge science meets compassionate care, transforming lives and redefining the standards of kidney health in India.
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdf
Air Ambulance Services In Rewa works in close coordination with ground-based emergency services, including local Emergency Medical Services, fire departments, and law enforcement agencies.
More@: https://tinyurl.com/2shrryhx
More@: https://tinyurl.com/5n8h3wp8
Sectional dentures for microstomia patients.pptx
Microstomia, characterized by an abnormally small oral aperture, presents significant challenges in prosthodontic treatment, including limited access for examination, difficulties in impression making, and challenges with prosthesis insertion and removal. To manage these issues, customized impression techniques using sectional trays and elastomeric materials are employed. Prostheses may be designed in segments or with flexible materials to facilitate handling. Minimally invasive procedures and the use of digital technologies can enhance patient comfort. Education and training for patients on prosthesis care and maintenance are crucial for compliance. Regular follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration with other specialists, ensure comprehensive care and improved quality of life for microstomia patients.
Get Covid Testing at Fit to Fly PCR Test
A Fit-to-Fly PCR Test is a crucial service for travelers needing to meet the entry requirements of various countries or airlines. This test involves a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19, which is considered the gold standard for detecting active infections. At our travel clinic in Leeds, we offer fast and reliable Fit to Fly PCR testing, providing you with an official certificate verifying your negative COVID-19 status. Our process is designed for convenience and accuracy, with quick turnaround times to ensure you receive your results and certificate in time for your departure. Trust our professional and experienced medical team to help you travel safely and compliantly, giving you peace of mind for your journey.www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPT
Prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, VICE PRINCIPAL, FNCON, SPN.
Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system.
Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.
Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli.
It is a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
It is a progressive disease of lungs.
一比一原版(USF毕业证)旧金山大学毕业证如何办理
USF毕业证offer【微信95270640】《旧金山大学毕业证购买》《如何办理USF毕业证旧金山大学文凭学历》Q微信95270640实体公司，专业可靠，办理毕业证办美国成绩单,做加拿大文凭学历认证,办新西兰学位证，学位证书是什么?《制作旧金山大学毕业证多少钱》《USF学历证书丢了怎么办理》办澳洲文凭认证，办留信网认证（网上可查，实体公司，专业可靠）
专业为留学生办理旧金山大学旧金山大学硕士学位证成绩单【100%存档可查】留学全套申请材料办理。本公司承诺所有毕业证成绩单成品全部按照学校原版工艺对照一比一制作和学校一样的羊皮纸张保证您证书的质量！
如果你回国在学历认证方面有以下难题请联系我们我们将竭诚为你解决认证瓶颈
1所有材料真实但资料不全无法提供完全齐整的原件。【如：成绩单丶毕业证丶回国证明等材料中有遗失的。】
2获得真实的国外最终学历学位但国外本科学历就读经历存在问题或缺陷。【如：国外本科是教育部不承认的或者是联合办学项目教育部没有备案的或者外本科没有正常毕业的。】
3学分转移联合办学等情况复杂不知道怎么整理材料的。时间紧迫自己不清楚递交流程的。
如果你是以上情况之一请联系我们我们将在第一时间内给你免费咨询相关信息。我们将帮助你整理认证所需的各种材料.帮你解决国外学历认证难题。
国外旧金山大学旧金山大学硕士学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询旧金山大学旧金山大学硕士学位证成绩单）；
2开始安排制作旧金山大学毕业证成绩单电子图；
3旧金山大学毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4旧金山大学毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5旧金山大学成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。头贼脑的倒也逗人喜爱日上三竿时山娃总爱窜进自家瓜棚里跟小伙伴们坐着聊天聊着聊着便忍不住往瓜田里逡巡一番抱起一只硕大的西瓜用石刀劈开抑或用拳头砸开每人抱起一大块就啃啃得满嘴满脸猴屁股般的红艳大家一个劲地指着对方吃吃地笑瓜裂得古怪奇形怪状却丝毫不影响瓜味甜丝丝的满嘴生津遍地都是瓜横七竖八的活像掷满了一地的大石块摘走二三只爷爷是断然发现不了的即便发现爷爷也不恼反而教山娃辨认孰熟孰嫩孰甜孰淡名义上是护瓜吃
English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners June 2024.pptx
Presentation made by Mat Southwell to the Harm Reduction Working Group of the English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners. Discuss stimulants, OAMT, NSP coverage and community-led approach to DCRs. Focussing on active drug user perspectives and interests
Friendly Massage in Ajman - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, Full Service includes individualized care for every client. We specifically design each massage session for the individual needs of the client. Our therapists are always willing to adjust the treatments based on the client's instruction and feedback. This guarantees that every client receives the treatment they expect.
By offering a variety of massage services, our Ajman Spa Massage Center can tackle physical, mental, and emotional illnesses. In addition, efficient identification of specific health conditions and designing treatment plans accordingly can significantly enhance the quality of massaging.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, we firmly believe that everyone should have the option to experience top-quality massage services regularly. To achieve that goal we offer cheap massage services in Ajman.
If you are interested in experiencing transformative massage treatment at Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, you can use our Ajman Massage Center WhatsApp Number to schedule your next massage session.
Contact @ +971 529818279
Visit @ https://malayalikeralaspaajman.com/
Recently uploaded (20)
Psychedelic Retreat Portugal - Escape to Lighthouse Retreats for an unforgett...
Psychedelic Retreat Portugal - Escape to Lighthouse Retreats for an unforgett...
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024 with Policy Makers, Academic Innovation C...
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024 with Policy Makers, Academic Innovation C...
U Part Wigs_ A Natural Look with Minimal Effort Jokerwigs.in.pdf
U Part Wigs_ A Natural Look with Minimal Effort Jokerwigs.in.pdf
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdf
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdf
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdf
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdf
chatgptfornlp-230314021506-2f03f614.pdf. 21506-2f03f614.pdf
chatgptfornlp-230314021506-2f03f614.pdf. 21506-2f03f614.pdf
English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners June 2024.pptx
English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners June 2024.pptx
Friendly Massage in Ajman - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
Friendly Massage in Ajman - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
Anatomy of penis & physiology of erection
- 1. ANATOMY OF PENIS & PHYSIOLOGY OF ERECTION Dr. Deepesh Kalra Institute Of Urology MMC
- 2. Composed of 3 cylindrical structures. Covered by loose SC tissue and skin. Flaccid state is maintained by contractile state of smooth muscles.
- 7. Penile component & their function during erection Corpora cavernosa – supports spongiosum & glans Tunuica albugenia – provides rigidity Paticipates in veno-occlusion Smooth muscle – regulates blood flow into sinusoids Ischio-cavernosus – pumps blood distally Provides additional rigidity Bulbo-cavernosus – compresses the bulb to expel semen Spongiosum – constricts urethra to expel semen
- 12. Mechanism of Erection CORPORA CAVERNOSA • Flaccid state – smooth muscles are tonically contracted allowing only a small portion of arterial flow into corpora. Sexual stimulation - Release of certain neurotransmitter - Relaxation of smooth muscles - Dilatation of arteriole - Increased blood flow Trapping of incoming blood by expanding sinusoids Compression of subtunical venous plexux by tunica contraction of ischio cavernosus
- 13. Erection requires Sinusoidal relaxation Arteriole dilatation Venous compression
- 14. CORPORA SPONGIOSUM - • Thin tunical covering • Less venous occlusion • Less pressure increase Despite the same increase in arterial flow
- 15. Neurophysiology Autonomic- Pelvic plexus Sympathetic-T11-L2 - tumescence & ejaculation Parasympathetic-S2-4 - erection Somatic Ad and C fibres- sensation Onuf nucleus-S2-4 ---Ischio-cavernosus- rigid erection ---- Bulbo-spongiosus - expulsion
- 17. Central control Right insula/inferior frontal cortex- increased activity during visually evoked sexual stimulation Medial amygdala-sexual motivation Ø Pyriform cortex - inhibits sexual drive Hippocampus—facilitates erection Ø Hypothalamus - MPOA- recognition of sexual partner ,integration of sensory & hormonal cues. PVN – facilitates erection Nucleus paragigantocellularis – inhibits erection ORGASM: mesodiencephalic transition zone
- 18. • Psychogenic— fantasy or audio-visual stimuli(Brain modulates the spinal centre) • Reflexogenic- Tactile stimulation( preserved in UMN) • Nocturnal—REM sleep activity in Pontine reticulate formation
- 19. Peripheral neurotransmitters FLACCIDITY ERECTION NE NO Endothelin Ach PGI2,F2a CO TXA2 EDGF ATII
- 20. Central neurotransmitters Increases sexual function Decrease sexual function dopamine serotonin NE opiods Oxytocin GABA NO prolactin Melanocortin cannabinoids
- 28. NOS • n NOS –Inititiation • E NOS-Maintainence • L arginine and molecular oxygen NOS NOS Molecular oxygen castration androgen denervation L arginine DM Injection of PGE 1 hypercholesterolemia