The document provides details on the anatomy of the eye. It describes the eye as consisting of three concentric layers - the outer supporting layer (cornea and sclera), middle vascular layer (uvea), and inner neural layer (retina). It notes the eye contains three chambers (anterior, posterior, vitreous), as well as structures like the iris, lens, optic nerve. Each layer, chamber and structure is then described in more detail over multiple paragraphs.

2. ANATOMY
OF EYE
• IT IS NOT ATRUE SPHERE, BUT CONSISTSOFTHE SEGMENTSOFTWO MODIFIED SPHERES,
ONE IN FROM OFTHE OTHER.
• THE CORNEA IS MORE CONVEXTHANTHE REST OFTHE GLOBE.{7.8 mm radius as opposed to
12mm}
• THE ANTEROPOSTERIOR DIAMETER ISABOUT 24 mm,WHILETHEVERTICAL IS 23mm AND
THE HORIZONTAL IS 23.5mm.
• THE EYEBALL IS SHORTER IN HYPERMETROPES BUT LONGER IN MYOPES.

3. THE
GLOBE :
• THREE CONCENTRIC LAYERS ORTUNICS:
1. OUTER SUPPORTING LAYER: IT CONSISTS
OFTRANSPARENT CORNEA, OPAQUE SCLERA,AND
THEIR JUNCTION,THE LIMBUS.
2. MIDDLEVASCULAR LAYER: IT IS CALLED
UVEA & CONSISTSOF CHOROID,CILIARY BODY &THE
IRIS.
3. INNER NEUTRAL LAYER: IT IS CALLED
RETINA,COMPOSEDOFTWO PARTS (a)A SENSORY
PORTION & (b) A LAYER OF PIGMENT EPITHELIUM.
• A CRYSTALLINE LENS:THETRANSPARENT
STRUCTURE IS LOCATED IMMEDIATELY BEHINDTHE
IRIS,AND IS SUPPORTED BY FINE FIBERS, CALLED
ZONULES.

4. THREE
CHAMBERS :
1. ANTERIORCHAMBERS: IT IS LOCATED BETWEEN
THE IRISANDTHE POSTERIOR SURFACE OFTHE
CORNEA.
2. POSTERIOR CHAMBER: IT IS BOUNDED BY LENS
& ZONULES BEHIND,ANDTHERE IS IN FRONT.
3. VITREOUSCAVITY: IT ISTHE LARGESTAND
LOCATED BEHINDTHE LENSAND ZONULES,AND
ADJACENTTOTHE RETINATHROUGHOUT.

5. THE
CORNEA
• AVASCULARTRANSPARENT ORGAN;
• CLEAR/TRANSPARENT;
• DOME-LIKE STRUCTURE;
• CONVEX STRUCTUREWITH HORIZONTAL DIAMETER
12 mm &VERTICAL DIAMETER 10-11mm.
• AVERAGE DIOPTRICVALUE 43-45D
• THICKNESS of (540T0 560)micrometer.

6. LAYERS
OF
CORNEA:
• ANTERIOR EPITHELIUM
• BOWMAN'S LAYER: IT DOES NOT REGENERATE &
LEAVES BEHINDA SUPERFICIALCORNEAL SCAR.
• CORNEAL STROMA:COMPRISING 90% OF CORNEAL
THICKNESS.
• DESCEMET'S MEMBRANE: IT READILY
REGENERATESAFTER AN INJURY.
• ENDOTHELIUM: IT DOES NOT REGENERATE IN
HUMAN BEING.
• COLLAGEN FIBRILSARE MAIN COMPONENTS FOR
MADETHIS LAYER.
• INTHE CORNEA BLOOD SUPPLY BY ANTERIOR
CILIARYARTERIES.

7. THE
SCLERA
• IT ISA DENSETOUGH FIBROUS ENVELOPETHAT
COVERS POSTERIOR FIVE-SIXTHSOFTHE EYE.
• SCLERA FORMSTHE POSTERIOR 5/6ths OFTHE
GLOBE.
• THETISSUE ISAVASCULAR ANDAPPEARSWHITE.
• THICK- 1mm; thin- 0.6 mm
• SCLERA MAINTAINTHE SHAPE OFTHE GLOBE.
• STRUCTURES:
• 1. EPISCLERA: IT ISTHE LOOSE FIBROUSTISSUE,
CONTAINING NUMEROUS FINE CAPILLARIES.
• 2. SCLERA PROPER: IT IS DENSE NETWORK OF
COLLAGEN FIBERS.THE SCLERA ISWHITE.
• 3. LAMINA FUSCA: IT ISTHE INNER LAYER, LOCATED
ADJACENTTOTHE CHOROID.

8. LIMBUS: • SCLERA FORMS A JUNCTIONWITH CORNEA 0.8 mm
THICK.

9. THE UVEA • THE MIDDLECOAT OFTHE EYEBALL IS CALLED
UVEA.
• UVEA HASTHREE PARTS:
1. ANTERIOR- IRIS;
2. INTERMEDIATE:CILIARY BODY.
3. POSTERIOR: CHOROID.

10. IRIS • THE COLORED PART OFTHE EYE.
• FORMSA DIAPHARM IN FRONT OFTHE
CRYSTALLINE LENS.
• CONTROLS PUPIL SIZE, REGULATESTHE AMOUNT
OF LIGHT ENTERINGTHE EYE.
• INFLUENCE SHARPNESSOF RETINAL IMAGE.

11. CILIARY
BODY
• PRODUCESAQUEOUS HUMOR.
• CILIARY MUSCLE PLAYSA MAJOR ROLE IN
ACCOMMODATION(CHANGE INTHE LENS SHAPETO
FOCUSAT DISTANCEOR NEAR).
• THE CILIARY BODY EXTENDS FROMTHE BASE OF
THE IRISAND BECOMESCONTINUOSWITHTHE
CHOROID ATTHE ORA SERRATA.
• IT ISAPPROXIMATELY 6-6.5 mm

12. CILIARY
BODY
• IT IS DIVIDED INTOTWO PARTS:
(i) PARS PLICATA:
• PRODUCEAQUEOUS INTHE CILIARY PROCESSES.
THESEARE SMALL FINGERLIKE PROJECTIONS IN
THE POSTERIOR CHAMBER BEHINDTHE IRIS.
• PARS PLICATA PROMOTINGACCOMMODATION.
(ii) PARS PLANA:
• POSTERIOR PART OFTHE CILIARY BODY. IT
ATTACHESTOTHE ORA SERRATA OFTHE RETINA
AND REPRESENTSAN ANATOMIC LANDMARK FOR
MICROSURGICAL INSTRUMENTSTO ACCESSTHE
POSTERIOR SEGMENTOFTHE GLOBE.

13. CHOROIDS
:
• THE CHOROIDS HAS FOUR LAYERS:
a. LAMINA FUSA
b. STROMA
c. CHORIOCAPILLARIS
d. BRUCH'S MEMBRANE.
• LARGEVASCULAR & PIGMENTEDTISSUETHAT
FORMSTHE MIDDLECOAT OFTHE POSTERIOR PART
OFTHE EYE & EXTEND FROMTHE ORA SERRATATO
THE OPTIC NERVE.
• OPHTHALMICARTERY ASTHE MAJOR BLOOD OF
THE CHOROIDS.
• CHOROIDS PROVIDES NOURISHMENTTOTHE
RETINA.

14. CONJUNCTIVA • IT ISA MUCOUS MEMBRANECOVERINGTHE INNER
SURFACE OFTHE EYELIDS & REFLECTEDTO COVER
THE INTERIOR PART OFTHE EYEBALLOVERTHE
SCLERA, UPTOTHE CORNEAL MARGIN.
• PARTS
1. PALPEBRAL- ITCONSISTSOF MARGINAL,TARSAL
AND ORBITAL PART. IT IS FIRMLYADHERENTTOTHE
DEEPERTISSUE.
2. BULBAR- IT LIESOVERTHE SCLERA AND IT IS FREELY
MOBILE.
3. FORNIX- IT ISTHE CUL-DE-SACATTHE JUNCTIONOF
PALPEBRALAND BULBAR CONJUNCTIVA.
4. LIMBAL- IT ISTHE CONJUNCTIVAATTHE CORNEAL
JUNCTIONWHICH IS ADHERE

15. LENS: • THE LENS ISATRANSPARENT BICONVEX BODY OF
CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE.
• IT ISABOUT 9 mm DIAMETER & 4mm INTHICKNESS
WHENTHE SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT IS RELAYED.
• RADIUSOF CURVATURE OF ANTERIOR SURFACE IS
10mm &THAT OF POSTERIOR SURFACE IS 6mm.

16. RETINA: • THE RETINA ISTHE MEMBRANOUS LIGHT-SENSITIVE
COAT OF EYEBALL. IT ISTRANSPARENT.
• RETINA HASTEN LAYERS-
1. RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM.
2. LAYERS OF ROD AND CONES
3. EXTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE.
4. OUTER NUCLEAR LAYER
5. OUTER PLEXIFORM LAYER
6. INNER NUCLEAR LAYER
7. INNER PLEXIFORM LAYER
8. GANGLIONCELL LAYER
9. NERVE-FIBER LAYER
10. INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE.

17. EYELIDS
• THE EYELIDS ARETHINCURTAINSOF SKIN, MUSCLES,
FIBROUSTISSUE AND MUCOUS MEMBRANE.
• THE UPPER EYELID IS LIMITEDABOVE BYTHE EYEBROW,AND
THE LOWER EYELID MERGESWITHTHE CHEEK.
• LAYERS OF EYELIDS--
(a) CUTANEOUS LAYER: IT ISTHIN SMOOTH DELICATE, ELASTIC,
HAVING CREASESANDWITHOUTANY LONG HAIR.
(b) subcutaneous layer
(c) MUSCULAR LAYER-
• ORBICULAROCULI
• LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIORIS INTHE UPPER LID ONLY.
• MULLER'S MUSCLE.
(d) FIBROUS LAYER-
• ORBITAL SEPTUM INTHE UPPER PART
• TARSAL PLATE INTHE LOWER PART.
(e) PALPEBRAL CONJUNCTIVAL LAYER.

18. GLANDS • MEIBOMIAN GLAND:THEY ARE MODIFIED
SEBACEOUSGLAND OF LARGER IN SIZE &
RESPONSIBLE FOR OILY SECRETIONOFTHETEAR
FILM.NUMBER> 30-40 IN UPPER LID & 20-30 INTHE
LOWER LID.
• GLANSOF ZEIS
• GLANDSOF MOLL
• GLANDSOF KRAUSE &WOULFRING

19. LACRIMAL
APPARATUS
• PARTS OF LACRIMALAPPARATUS-
• LACRIMAL GLAND
• PUNCTUM
• COMMONCANALICULUS
• LACRIMAL SAC
• NASOLACRIMAL DUCT
• THE LACRIMALAPPARATUS CONSISTSOFTWO
PARTS:
• SECRETORY PORTION: LACRIMAL GLAND &
ACCESSORY LACRIMAL GLAND OF KRAUSE &
WOULFRING
• DRAINAGE PORTION:VIAWHICHTHETEARS DRAIN
INTOTHE INFERIOR MEATUS OFTHE NOSE.

20. VITREOUS
HUMOUR
• BILOGICALGEL
• VOLUME- 4.5mL
• COMPOSITION: water {99%}, inorganic salts, sugar,
ascorbic acid,

21. THANK YOU