The document discusses different types of tissues in the human body including muscle tissues, nervous tissues, epithelial tissues, and connective tissues. It provides descriptions of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, neurons, dendrites, axons, simple squamous epithelium, stratified squamous epithelium, simple cuboidal epithelium, pseudostratified columnar epithelium, areolar connective tissue, adipose tissue, collagenous fibers, reticular fibers, and elastic fibers. Examples of where each tissue is found in the body are also provided.
A Powerpoint made for my school on the various types of Tissues within an Animal and a Plant and also describing their various functions.
Contents:
-Plant tissues
*Meristematic tissues
*Permanent tissues
*Simple permanent tissues
*Parenchyma
*Collenchyma
*Sclerenchyma
*Epidermis
*Complex permanent tissue
*Xylem
*Phloem
-Animal tissues
*Connective tissue
*Muscle tissue
*Nervous tissue
*Epithelial tissue
Special Reference to Wikepedia and Several Other Websites (Which I can't recall since I'd made this 2 years ago)
A Powerpoint made for my school on the various types of Tissues within an Animal and a Plant and also describing their various functions.
Contents:
-Plant tissues
*Meristematic tissues
*Permanent tissues
*Simple permanent tissues
*Parenchyma
*Collenchyma
*Sclerenchyma
*Epidermis
*Complex permanent tissue
*Xylem
*Phloem
-Animal tissues
*Connective tissue
*Muscle tissue
*Nervous tissue
*Epithelial tissue
Special Reference to Wikepedia and Several Other Websites (Which I can't recall since I'd made this 2 years ago)
slide1- introduction
slide2-Plant Tissue
Plant tissues are of two types :-
Meristematic tissue
Permanent tissue
slide3-Meristematic Tissue
Meristematic tissues continuously form a number of new cells and helps in growth and are generally made up live cells . Meristematic tissues are the group of cells that have the ability to divide. These tissues in a plant consist of small, densely packed cells that can keep dividing to form new cells. Meristems give rise to permanent tissues and have the following characteristics:
the cells are small,
the cells walls are thin,
cells have large nuclei,
vacuoles are absent or very small
there are no intercellular spaces.
Types of Meristematic Tissue
Apical Meristem:- Apical meristem is present on root apex, stem apex, leaf buds and flower buds. They are responsible for growth in length, i.e. primary growth.
Lateral Meristem: Lateral meristem is present along the side of the stem. They are responsible for growth in girth, i.e. secondary growth.
Intercalary Meristem: Intercalary meristem is present at the base of leaf or internodes. They are present on either side of the node.
slide4-Permanent Tissue [Plant Tissue]
Once the cells of meristematic tissue divide to a certain extent, they become specialized for a particular function. This process is called differentiation. Once differentiation is accomplished, the cells lose their capability to divide and the tissue becomes permanent tissue. Permanent tissues are of two types, simple permanent tissue and complex permanent tissue.
Permanent tissue gives support and are generally made up of dead cells . The cells of permanent tissues do not have the ability to divide. These cells are already differentiated in different tissue types and is now specialized to perform specific functions. They are subdivided into two groups, simple tissues consisting of cells which are more or less similar, e.g. epidermis, parenchyma, chlorenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma and complex tissues consisting of different kinds of cells, e.g. xylem and phloem.
slide5-Parenchyma tissue
The cells of parenchyma have thin cell wall. They are loosely packed; with lot of intercellular spaces between them. Parenchyma makes the largest portion of a plant body. Parenchyma mainly works are packing material in plant parts. The main function of parenchyma is to provide support and to store food.
It is loosely packed and inter cellular spaces are there .
In aquatic plants , air is filled in parenchyma tissue , so they are called Arenchyma .
Parenchyma in which chlorophyll is present is called chlorenchyma .
slide6- Collenchyma tissue
In collenchyma tissue , the cells are generally elongated and are circular , oval or polygonal in cross- section. Cell wall is evenly thickened with cellulose at the corners . It is present on internodes of the plant . It is closely packed and intercellular spaces are generally absent. It is a living cell and vacuo
Prezentacja dla osób, które chciałyby zacząć swoją przygodę z testowaniem kodu JS. W prezentacji omówiłem podejście do testowania oraz przekazałem informację jakich narzędzi można użyć w testowaniu kodu oraz pokazałem jak wyglądają szablony testów oraz scenariusze testowe
slide1- introduction
slide2-Plant Tissue
Plant tissues are of two types :-
Meristematic tissue
Permanent tissue
slide3-Meristematic Tissue
Meristematic tissues continuously form a number of new cells and helps in growth and are generally made up live cells . Meristematic tissues are the group of cells that have the ability to divide. These tissues in a plant consist of small, densely packed cells that can keep dividing to form new cells. Meristems give rise to permanent tissues and have the following characteristics:
the cells are small,
the cells walls are thin,
cells have large nuclei,
vacuoles are absent or very small
there are no intercellular spaces.
Types of Meristematic Tissue
Apical Meristem:- Apical meristem is present on root apex, stem apex, leaf buds and flower buds. They are responsible for growth in length, i.e. primary growth.
Lateral Meristem: Lateral meristem is present along the side of the stem. They are responsible for growth in girth, i.e. secondary growth.
Intercalary Meristem: Intercalary meristem is present at the base of leaf or internodes. They are present on either side of the node.
slide4-Permanent Tissue [Plant Tissue]
Once the cells of meristematic tissue divide to a certain extent, they become specialized for a particular function. This process is called differentiation. Once differentiation is accomplished, the cells lose their capability to divide and the tissue becomes permanent tissue. Permanent tissues are of two types, simple permanent tissue and complex permanent tissue.
Permanent tissue gives support and are generally made up of dead cells . The cells of permanent tissues do not have the ability to divide. These cells are already differentiated in different tissue types and is now specialized to perform specific functions. They are subdivided into two groups, simple tissues consisting of cells which are more or less similar, e.g. epidermis, parenchyma, chlorenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma and complex tissues consisting of different kinds of cells, e.g. xylem and phloem.
slide5-Parenchyma tissue
The cells of parenchyma have thin cell wall. They are loosely packed; with lot of intercellular spaces between them. Parenchyma makes the largest portion of a plant body. Parenchyma mainly works are packing material in plant parts. The main function of parenchyma is to provide support and to store food.
It is loosely packed and inter cellular spaces are there .
In aquatic plants , air is filled in parenchyma tissue , so they are called Arenchyma .
Parenchyma in which chlorophyll is present is called chlorenchyma .
slide6- Collenchyma tissue
In collenchyma tissue , the cells are generally elongated and are circular , oval or polygonal in cross- section. Cell wall is evenly thickened with cellulose at the corners . It is present on internodes of the plant . It is closely packed and intercellular spaces are generally absent. It is a living cell and vacuo
Prezentacja dla osób, które chciałyby zacząć swoją przygodę z testowaniem kodu JS. W prezentacji omówiłem podejście do testowania oraz przekazałem informację jakich narzędzi można użyć w testowaniu kodu oraz pokazałem jak wyglądają szablony testów oraz scenariusze testowe
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1. explain how the structures of simple squamous, cuboidal and cilia.pdfkavithaarp
1. explain how the structures of simple squamous, cuboidal and ciliated and non-ciliated
columnar epithelium are related to their functions
2. outline the taxonomic scheme, describe four classical and four molecular methods used in
phylogeny
Solution
1).
The epithelial tissues form the sheet like outer covering of the body surfaces and provide
protection to the organs. One surface of this epithelial tissue is not bound to anything and
produces glandular secretions, also involved in absorption process.
The classification of epithelial tissue based upon their shape is given below:
1). Squamous epithelial cells: Thin layer of flattened cells
2). Cuboidal epithelial cells: Cube like shape
3). Columnar epithelial cells: Elongated shape
4). Simple epithelium: Single layer of cells
5). Stratified epithelial cells: Two or more than two layers of cells
The structure and function of some of the epithelial tissue is given below:
Type of tissue
Structure
Function
1). Simple squamous
Single layer of thin, flatten cells tightly packed with one another. The nuclei are broad and thin.
Lines the inside of capillaries of blood vessels and alveoli. Allows the diffusion and filtration of
molecules such as gaseous exchange in the alveoli.
2). Simple cuboidal
Single layer of cube shaped cells. The nuclei are centrally located and spherical shape.
Covers ovaries, glands, linings of kidney tubules. Allow the tubular secretion and tubular
reabsorption in the kidneys, secretion of glandular products in the glands.
3). Simple columnar
Single layer of elongated cells, nuclei are located near the basement membrane. Some of them
are ciliated, and some are non-ciliated. The length of cilia ranges from 7 to 10 µm in length.
Linings of digestive organs and uterine tubes. Cilia allows the expulsion mucus, movement of
egg cell to the uterus.
4). Stratified columnar
Multiple layers of cube shaped cells (usually, 2 to 3 layers)
Lines the urethra, pharynx, ducts of exocrine glands.
5). Pseudostratified columnar
Multiple layers of cells. The superficial layer is of elongated cells, and the deeper layer layers are
cuboidal.
Cover the air ways of the respiratory system. The goblet cells secrete mucus and the cilia of these
cells sweep the mucus.
Type of tissue
Structure
Function
1). Simple squamous
Single layer of thin, flatten cells tightly packed with one another. The nuclei are broad and thin.
Lines the inside of capillaries of blood vessels and alveoli. Allows the diffusion and filtration of
molecules such as gaseous exchange in the alveoli.
2). Simple cuboidal
Single layer of cube shaped cells. The nuclei are centrally located and spherical shape.
Covers ovaries, glands, linings of kidney tubules. Allow the tubular secretion and tubular
reabsorption in the kidneys, secretion of glandular products in the glands.
3). Simple columnar
Single layer of elongated cells, nuclei are located near the basement membrane. Some of them
are ciliated, and some are non-ciliated. The length of c.
A tissue is a group of connected cells that have a similar function within an organism. There are four basic types of tissue in the body of all animals, including the human body. These make up all the organs, structures and other contents of the body.
What structural characteristics did you observe for each type of tis.pdfnaveenkumar29100
What is the probability of having a boy, then a girl, then a boy, and then two girls in that birth
order?
Solution
Probability of boy P(b) = 1/2
and probability of girl is also P(g) = 1/2
as they are the only 2 outcome possible and are equally likely
So probability of having a boy, then a girl, then a boy, and then two girls =
P(b)*P(g)*P(b)*P(g)*P(g)
= 1/2 * 1/2 * 1/2 * 1/2 *1/2 = 1/32 =0.03125.
A tissue may be defined as an aggregate or collection of same type of cells performing the same general functions of the body. For example: Blood, bone, muscle etc.
2. The skeletal muscle The cardiac muscle is the muscle in the
are the muscles that walls of the heart, its a lot like the
when you touch
your skin you can skeletal muscle and the smooth muscle
feel and move. they because it can be involuntary like the
are muscles that are skeletal, which means that it is
attached to your controlled by the nervous system, but if
bones, to help you
move and protect it didn’t have a nervous system it would
your bones.(4) also be voluntary like the smooth
muscle, which controls itself. (4)
The smooth muscle can
be found in the wall of
hollow organs, like the
stomach. Its there to
protect the organs but
isn’t as colorful as the
skeletal muscles, they
blend in with the walls
of the organs. (4)
MUSCLES
3. Axon (nerve fiber):
Transports
information away
Nervous tissue is from the soma. (4)
made of neurons
and neurological Soma:
cells, that transmit The part
electrical signals. (4) of the cell
that
contains
the
nucleus.
(4)
Dendrites:
extending from
the soma,
receives
information and
moves it toward
the soma. (4)
NERVOUS
4. Stratified
Transitional- stratified; Stratified Squamous- Columnar-
found in body areas Keratinized is made up multiple layers of
that are subjected to of multiple layers of cells columnar cells,
stress and tension with flattened squamous although only the
changes (ex. Urinary cells at the outer closest cells to the
bladder) As tension surface. Possesses surface look
increases, the cell will keratin which columnar in
change from a cuboidal contributes to its shape. Rare in the
shape to squamous. protective qualities (ex. human body,
This transition protects Skin) (4) found only in the
the distensible male urethra and
structures from tearing. in the mucous
(4) layer near the
anus. (4)
Simple Squamous-
Physically flat,
scalelike cells.
Substances can easily
diffuse through this
tissue. The
microscopic air sacs in
the lungs are made of
this tissue. (4)
EPETHELIAL
5. Pseudostratified- found in the
lining of air passageways in the
respiratory system and in areas of
the male reproductive system.
Only a single layer of irregularly
shaped columnar cells touches the
basement membrane, and
Simple Cuboidal- because of the differing heights,
many are not tall enough to reach
made of one layer of the upper surface of the epithelial
cuboidal cells resting sheet. (4) Stratified Cuboidal-
on a basement Protective function; at
membrane and least two rows of low
makes up glands and cuboidal cells are
their ducts (ex. randomly arranged at
Kidney) (4) the basement
membrane. Located in
sweat glands ducts,
pharynx and parts of the
epiglottis. (4)
Glandular- specialized for
secretory activity in the
glands. Able to function
unicellular or in clusters or
specialized follicles like
multicellular glands. (4)
Epethelial
6. Areolar connective
tissue consists of a loose
arrangement of fibers. It
contains all of the cell
Fiber types include: types mentioned, as
•Collagenous fibers: well as all three fiber
strong and flexible types. Areolar also has
fibers that appear as an abundance of ground Adipose tissue
wavy bundles in substance, which consists of adipocytes,
tissue sections. appears white in tissue which store fat
•Reticular fibers: thin preparations.(5) droplets. The nucleus
collagen fibers of the adipocyte is
coated with a located adjacent to
glycoprotein. They the plasma
tend to branch membrane.(5)
extensively forming
delicate networks.
•Elastic fibers:
consist of the protein
elastin, which allows
for stretching and
recoiling. (5)
Connective tissues
