1. The document discusses the anatomy of the maxilla, which supports maxillary dentures. It describes important anatomical landmarks like the labial and buccal frenums, vestibules, and hamular notch.
2. Supporting structures that can withstand force are identified, including the hard palate and residual ridge. Relieving structures like the incisive papilla and midpalatine raphe are also outlined.
3. The document provides microscopic details of tissues and clinical considerations for designing complete dentures based on the maxilla's anatomy.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document discusses important intraoral anatomical landmarks for complete dentures. It describes the limiting structures, supporting structures, and relief areas for both maxillary and mandibular dentures. For the maxilla, key landmarks include the labial and buccal frenums and vestibules, hamular notch, hard palate, tuberosity, and rugae. For the mandible, landmarks are the labial, buccal, and lingual frenums and vestibules, retromolar pad, external oblique ridge, buccal shelf, and mental foramen. Understanding these structures aids in fabricating dentures that are retained, stable, and support the surrounding tissues.
The document provides an overview of the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the maxilla and mandible that are relevant for complete dentures. It discusses the key supporting and stress bearing areas, as well as limiting and relief structures. Key areas described include the hard palate, residual alveolar ridge, rugae, frenums, vestibules, and posterior palatal seal area. The document also outlines the microscopic structure of the oral mucosa and underlying bone in these regions. Understanding this anatomy is important for determining selective forces on the denture and providing an accurate fit.
1. The anatomical landmarks of the maxilla and mandible are important reference points for denture fabrication. They include limiting structures like the labial and buccal frenums which determine denture border extent, and supporting structures like the hard palate and residual ridges which support the denture.
2. Careful consideration of these landmarks aids in properly distributing forces from the denture bases onto the supporting tissues and designing denture borders that are harmonious with normal function of surrounding structures.
3. Understanding the landmarks guides border molding techniques and ensures a well-fitting denture that is retained in place during mouth movements.
K-prosthodontic-lec2-Impression for complete dentureYahya Almoussawy
The document discusses various types of dental impressions including primary impressions used for diagnosis, final impressions used to complete registration, and complete denture impressions. It describes requirements for making good impressions such as anatomy and technique knowledge. The objectives of impressions are outlined as retention, stability, support, and esthetics. Common errors in impressions are described. Techniques discussed include mucostatic, mucocompressive, selective pressure, open and closed tray methods. Stock and custom trays as well as diagnostic, primary, and final impressions are compared. A technique for impressions with flabby ridges using neutral zone concept is summarized.
This document discusses dental articulation, face bows, and articulators. It defines dental articulation as the contact relationships between the maxillary and mandibular teeth during movement. An articulator is a mechanical instrument that simulates jaw movements and allows dental casts to be mounted. A face bow is used to record the spatial relationship between the jaws and temporomandibular joints and transfer this to the articulator. The document describes different types of articulators including simple hinge, mean value, and adjustable condylar path articulators. It also covers topics such as centric relation, curves of occlusion, and the functions of a face bow.
This document discusses anatomical landmarks that are important for complete dentures. It describes limiting structures, supporting structures, and relief areas for both the maxilla and mandible. Limiting structures guide the borders of the denture and include things like the labial and buccal frenums. Supporting structures bear stress from function, like the hard palate and residual ridges. Relief areas need space in the denture, like the incisive papilla and midpalatine raphe, to prevent soreness. Understanding these landmarks helps ensure a well-fitting denture that does not cause pain or dislodgement.
This document provides an overview of making impressions for complete dentures. It defines key terms like impression and discusses the basic requirements, principles, theories and techniques of impression making. The goals of an impression are outlined as preservation of residual ridges, retention, stability, support and esthetics. The document describes the steps involved in making primary impressions, custom trays and border molding to achieve the final impression. Impression materials and techniques are discussed for various clinical situations.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document discusses important intraoral anatomical landmarks for complete dentures. It describes the limiting structures, supporting structures, and relief areas for both maxillary and mandibular dentures. For the maxilla, key landmarks include the labial and buccal frenums and vestibules, hamular notch, hard palate, tuberosity, and rugae. For the mandible, landmarks are the labial, buccal, and lingual frenums and vestibules, retromolar pad, external oblique ridge, buccal shelf, and mental foramen. Understanding these structures aids in fabricating dentures that are retained, stable, and support the surrounding tissues.
The document provides an overview of the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the maxilla and mandible that are relevant for complete dentures. It discusses the key supporting and stress bearing areas, as well as limiting and relief structures. Key areas described include the hard palate, residual alveolar ridge, rugae, frenums, vestibules, and posterior palatal seal area. The document also outlines the microscopic structure of the oral mucosa and underlying bone in these regions. Understanding this anatomy is important for determining selective forces on the denture and providing an accurate fit.
1. The anatomical landmarks of the maxilla and mandible are important reference points for denture fabrication. They include limiting structures like the labial and buccal frenums which determine denture border extent, and supporting structures like the hard palate and residual ridges which support the denture.
2. Careful consideration of these landmarks aids in properly distributing forces from the denture bases onto the supporting tissues and designing denture borders that are harmonious with normal function of surrounding structures.
3. Understanding the landmarks guides border molding techniques and ensures a well-fitting denture that is retained in place during mouth movements.
K-prosthodontic-lec2-Impression for complete dentureYahya Almoussawy
The document discusses various types of dental impressions including primary impressions used for diagnosis, final impressions used to complete registration, and complete denture impressions. It describes requirements for making good impressions such as anatomy and technique knowledge. The objectives of impressions are outlined as retention, stability, support, and esthetics. Common errors in impressions are described. Techniques discussed include mucostatic, mucocompressive, selective pressure, open and closed tray methods. Stock and custom trays as well as diagnostic, primary, and final impressions are compared. A technique for impressions with flabby ridges using neutral zone concept is summarized.
This document discusses dental articulation, face bows, and articulators. It defines dental articulation as the contact relationships between the maxillary and mandibular teeth during movement. An articulator is a mechanical instrument that simulates jaw movements and allows dental casts to be mounted. A face bow is used to record the spatial relationship between the jaws and temporomandibular joints and transfer this to the articulator. The document describes different types of articulators including simple hinge, mean value, and adjustable condylar path articulators. It also covers topics such as centric relation, curves of occlusion, and the functions of a face bow.
This document discusses anatomical landmarks that are important for complete dentures. It describes limiting structures, supporting structures, and relief areas for both the maxilla and mandible. Limiting structures guide the borders of the denture and include things like the labial and buccal frenums. Supporting structures bear stress from function, like the hard palate and residual ridges. Relief areas need space in the denture, like the incisive papilla and midpalatine raphe, to prevent soreness. Understanding these landmarks helps ensure a well-fitting denture that does not cause pain or dislodgement.
This document provides an overview of making impressions for complete dentures. It defines key terms like impression and discusses the basic requirements, principles, theories and techniques of impression making. The goals of an impression are outlined as preservation of residual ridges, retention, stability, support and esthetics. The document describes the steps involved in making primary impressions, custom trays and border molding to achieve the final impression. Impression materials and techniques are discussed for various clinical situations.
The document provides information about surveyors, which are dental instruments used to analyze the contours of teeth and surrounding structures when fabricating dental prostheses. It defines key terms like surveyor, surveying, and survey lines. It discusses the history and recent advances of surveyors, including modifications to traditional surveyors and the integration of new technologies like lasers and 3D modeling. The document outlines the main parts and purposes of a surveyor, and describes the steps involved in surveying a diagnostic cast, including tripoding, determining the path of insertion, identifying retentive undercuts and interferences. Factors that influence the path of insertion and techniques like tilting the cast are also examined.
This document discusses the posterior palatal seal (PPS), including its role, location, and function in complete denture treatment. It defines the PPS and discusses factors that govern denture retention. The document covers PPS anatomy, design, clinical procedures, techniques for recording the PPS, and classifications of palatal forms and soft palate shapes. It provides details on locating the vibrating line and summarizes literature on determining the proper placement of the PPS.
This document discusses the posterior palatal seal, which is the area of soft tissue along the junction of the hard and soft palates that can be compressed by a maxillary denture to aid in retention. It defines the posterior palatal seal and describes its functions, which include resisting forces on the denture and maintaining contact during function. The document outlines important anatomical structures like the vibrating lines and hamular notch that influence determination of the posterior palatal seal area. It also discusses techniques for locating and marking the seal, as well as factors that must be considered like a patient's soft palate classification.
This document discusses saliva and its implications in prosthodontics. It defines saliva as a clear fluid secreted by the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands. Saliva has important functions such as lubrication, protection of teeth and digestion. Factors such as volume, pH, and composition of saliva impact denture retention through mechanisms like adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension. Disorders of saliva production like xerostomia can influence impression making and prosthodontic treatment.
There are several types of surveyors used in dentistry. The main types include the Ney surveyor, Jelenko surveyor, Williams surveyor, retentoscope, stress-o-graph, Ticonium, broken arm cast surveyor, electrical/computerized surveyors, optical surveyor, intra-oral surveyors, and parallelometers. Each type has slightly different features but they all serve to locate and delineate the contours and positions of teeth and structures for designing removable partial dentures. The Ney surveyor was the first commercially available type while newer computerized and electrical versions provide advanced digital capabilities.
The document discusses intraoral landmarks that are important for denture construction and placement. It describes supporting structures like the residual alveolar ridge and limiting structures like the buccal frenum. Each structure is explained, including its anatomical features and clinical significance for ensuring proper denture fit, retention, and avoidance of irritation or injury. In summary, the document provides details on key intraoral structures that dentists must consider when fabricating removable dentures.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Maxillary and mandbular anatomical landmarksRajvi Nahar
This document discusses anatomical landmarks in the maxilla and mandible that are important for dentistry. It begins with an introduction on the importance of orofacial anatomy knowledge. It then describes extraoral landmarks like the philtrum and nasolabial groove. It classifies intraoral landmarks into supporting structures, limiting structures, and relief areas. For the maxilla, limiting structures include the labial and buccal frenums and vestibules. Relief areas are the incisive papilla and palatine raphe. The primary supporting bearing areas are the hard palate and residual alveolar ridge. Understanding these landmarks helps with denture design and placement.
04. denture polished surface, jaw relation record and articulatorsShoaib Rahim
This document discusses denture base materials and properties. It describes the ideal properties of denture bases including biocompatibility, adequate physical/mechanical properties, and ease of fabrication. It then discusses various denture base materials like heat-cured PMMA, chemically-cured resins, light-cured resins, and their properties, advantages, disadvantages, and clinical implications. It focuses on ensuring denture bases are non-toxic, dimensionally stable, and don't promote bacterial/fungal growth.
- The document discusses key anatomic landmarks of the maxilla and mandible that are important for denture design and function, including retention, stability, and support.
- Anatomical structures discussed include the alveolar ridge, palate, mylohyoid ridge, buccal shelf, and frenum attachments whose roles impact denture prognosis.
- A thorough understanding of edentulous anatomy is essential for properly constructing dentures as integral parts of a patient's oral cavity rather than just mechanical substitutes.
The document provides information on complete denture impression procedures and materials. It discusses the definitions of key terms, a literature review covering the history of impression techniques from the 18th century to present day, biological considerations for maxillary and mandibular impressions, and principles of impression making. The document also covers classification of impressions, impression techniques and procedures, and techniques for compromised situations.
This document discusses the procedures for recording maxillo-mandibular relations for full dentures. It outlines the 7 key steps: 1) Checking extension, retention and stability of occlusion rims; 2) Establishing proper facial contour; 3) Orienting the occlusal plane; 4) Determining vertical dimensions; 5) Mounting the maxillary cast using a facebow; 6) Recording centric occluding relations; and 7) Recording eccentric jaw relations. It then provides details on techniques for determining vertical dimensions, mounting casts, and recording centric relation between the jaws.
II. impression making for complete denture Amal Kaddah
This document provides an overview of maxillary and mandibular impression procedures. It discusses the objectives of making impressions, which include preservation of structures, retention, esthetics, stability, and support. It also covers topics like impression materials, custom tray fabrication, border molding, and different impression techniques such as open mouth, closed mouth, minimal pressure, and selective pressure approaches. The key objectives of impressions are to accurately record the denture bearing areas to ensure proper fit and function of the completed dentures.
This document discusses horizontal jaw relation and methods for recording centric relation. There are two types of horizontal jaw relation: centric and eccentric. Centric relation is the maximum intercuspal position with equal condylar joint space bilaterally. Methods for recording centric relation include physiological (tactile check bite), functional (needle point tracing), graphic (arrow point tracing), and radiographic. The graphic method uses a central bearing device to trace mandibular movements and aims to produce an arrow-shaped tracing. Eccentric relations include protrusive and lateral jaw positions which are recorded to reproduce mandibular movements in the articulator.
Oral Prophylaxis is the process of teeth cleaning using various dental instruments. The contents of the presentation include-
•Instruments used in dental scaling
•The Universal Scaler
•Instrument grasps
•Finger rests
•Operator positions
•Scaling
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS IN MAXILLA and it's importanceSrustishastri
This document discusses important anatomical landmarks in the maxilla that are relevant for maxillary dentures. It outlines primary and secondary stress bearing areas like the tuberosities and hard palate. It also describes relief areas like the incisive papilla and torus palatinus that need space provided in the denture base. Limiting structures such as the labial and buccal frenums and vestibules that impact denture border extensions are examined. The hamular notch, fovea palatinae and vibrating lines which help locate the posterior denture border are defined.
The document provides information about surveyors, which are dental instruments used to analyze the contours of teeth and surrounding structures when fabricating dental prostheses. It defines key terms like surveyor, surveying, and survey lines. It discusses the history and recent advances of surveyors, including modifications to traditional surveyors and the integration of new technologies like lasers and 3D modeling. The document outlines the main parts and purposes of a surveyor, and describes the steps involved in surveying a diagnostic cast, including tripoding, determining the path of insertion, identifying retentive undercuts and interferences. Factors that influence the path of insertion and techniques like tilting the cast are also examined.
This document discusses the posterior palatal seal (PPS), including its role, location, and function in complete denture treatment. It defines the PPS and discusses factors that govern denture retention. The document covers PPS anatomy, design, clinical procedures, techniques for recording the PPS, and classifications of palatal forms and soft palate shapes. It provides details on locating the vibrating line and summarizes literature on determining the proper placement of the PPS.
This document discusses the posterior palatal seal, which is the area of soft tissue along the junction of the hard and soft palates that can be compressed by a maxillary denture to aid in retention. It defines the posterior palatal seal and describes its functions, which include resisting forces on the denture and maintaining contact during function. The document outlines important anatomical structures like the vibrating lines and hamular notch that influence determination of the posterior palatal seal area. It also discusses techniques for locating and marking the seal, as well as factors that must be considered like a patient's soft palate classification.
This document discusses saliva and its implications in prosthodontics. It defines saliva as a clear fluid secreted by the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands. Saliva has important functions such as lubrication, protection of teeth and digestion. Factors such as volume, pH, and composition of saliva impact denture retention through mechanisms like adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension. Disorders of saliva production like xerostomia can influence impression making and prosthodontic treatment.
There are several types of surveyors used in dentistry. The main types include the Ney surveyor, Jelenko surveyor, Williams surveyor, retentoscope, stress-o-graph, Ticonium, broken arm cast surveyor, electrical/computerized surveyors, optical surveyor, intra-oral surveyors, and parallelometers. Each type has slightly different features but they all serve to locate and delineate the contours and positions of teeth and structures for designing removable partial dentures. The Ney surveyor was the first commercially available type while newer computerized and electrical versions provide advanced digital capabilities.
The document discusses intraoral landmarks that are important for denture construction and placement. It describes supporting structures like the residual alveolar ridge and limiting structures like the buccal frenum. Each structure is explained, including its anatomical features and clinical significance for ensuring proper denture fit, retention, and avoidance of irritation or injury. In summary, the document provides details on key intraoral structures that dentists must consider when fabricating removable dentures.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Maxillary and mandbular anatomical landmarksRajvi Nahar
This document discusses anatomical landmarks in the maxilla and mandible that are important for dentistry. It begins with an introduction on the importance of orofacial anatomy knowledge. It then describes extraoral landmarks like the philtrum and nasolabial groove. It classifies intraoral landmarks into supporting structures, limiting structures, and relief areas. For the maxilla, limiting structures include the labial and buccal frenums and vestibules. Relief areas are the incisive papilla and palatine raphe. The primary supporting bearing areas are the hard palate and residual alveolar ridge. Understanding these landmarks helps with denture design and placement.
04. denture polished surface, jaw relation record and articulatorsShoaib Rahim
This document discusses denture base materials and properties. It describes the ideal properties of denture bases including biocompatibility, adequate physical/mechanical properties, and ease of fabrication. It then discusses various denture base materials like heat-cured PMMA, chemically-cured resins, light-cured resins, and their properties, advantages, disadvantages, and clinical implications. It focuses on ensuring denture bases are non-toxic, dimensionally stable, and don't promote bacterial/fungal growth.
- The document discusses key anatomic landmarks of the maxilla and mandible that are important for denture design and function, including retention, stability, and support.
- Anatomical structures discussed include the alveolar ridge, palate, mylohyoid ridge, buccal shelf, and frenum attachments whose roles impact denture prognosis.
- A thorough understanding of edentulous anatomy is essential for properly constructing dentures as integral parts of a patient's oral cavity rather than just mechanical substitutes.
The document provides information on complete denture impression procedures and materials. It discusses the definitions of key terms, a literature review covering the history of impression techniques from the 18th century to present day, biological considerations for maxillary and mandibular impressions, and principles of impression making. The document also covers classification of impressions, impression techniques and procedures, and techniques for compromised situations.
This document discusses the procedures for recording maxillo-mandibular relations for full dentures. It outlines the 7 key steps: 1) Checking extension, retention and stability of occlusion rims; 2) Establishing proper facial contour; 3) Orienting the occlusal plane; 4) Determining vertical dimensions; 5) Mounting the maxillary cast using a facebow; 6) Recording centric occluding relations; and 7) Recording eccentric jaw relations. It then provides details on techniques for determining vertical dimensions, mounting casts, and recording centric relation between the jaws.
II. impression making for complete denture Amal Kaddah
This document provides an overview of maxillary and mandibular impression procedures. It discusses the objectives of making impressions, which include preservation of structures, retention, esthetics, stability, and support. It also covers topics like impression materials, custom tray fabrication, border molding, and different impression techniques such as open mouth, closed mouth, minimal pressure, and selective pressure approaches. The key objectives of impressions are to accurately record the denture bearing areas to ensure proper fit and function of the completed dentures.
This document discusses horizontal jaw relation and methods for recording centric relation. There are two types of horizontal jaw relation: centric and eccentric. Centric relation is the maximum intercuspal position with equal condylar joint space bilaterally. Methods for recording centric relation include physiological (tactile check bite), functional (needle point tracing), graphic (arrow point tracing), and radiographic. The graphic method uses a central bearing device to trace mandibular movements and aims to produce an arrow-shaped tracing. Eccentric relations include protrusive and lateral jaw positions which are recorded to reproduce mandibular movements in the articulator.
Oral Prophylaxis is the process of teeth cleaning using various dental instruments. The contents of the presentation include-
•Instruments used in dental scaling
•The Universal Scaler
•Instrument grasps
•Finger rests
•Operator positions
•Scaling
ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS IN MAXILLA and it's importanceSrustishastri
This document discusses important anatomical landmarks in the maxilla that are relevant for maxillary dentures. It outlines primary and secondary stress bearing areas like the tuberosities and hard palate. It also describes relief areas like the incisive papilla and torus palatinus that need space provided in the denture base. Limiting structures such as the labial and buccal frenums and vestibules that impact denture border extensions are examined. The hamular notch, fovea palatinae and vibrating lines which help locate the posterior denture border are defined.
significance of maxillary denture bearing area Narayan Sukla
- A triangular eminence located at the tip of the median palatine raphe in the midline of the hard palate.
- It is formed by the fusion of two palatine processes of the maxilla.
- It contains numerous neurovascular structures close to the surface and is covered by thin non-keratinized epithelium.
- Due to its fragile nature, it requires relief in the denture base to avoid trauma. Not providing relief can lead to ulceration and pain.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document provides an overview of anatomical landmarks in the maxilla that are important for complete denture construction. It discusses intraoral landmarks like the labial and buccal frenums, as well as maxillary arch structures like the residual alveolar ridge, hard palate, palatal rugae, incisive papilla, hamular notch, maxillary tuberosity, and fovea palatinae that serve as stress bearing or relief areas. The document emphasizes understanding the histology and functions of these structures to ensure dentures are designed and placed to avoid placing undue pressure on supporting tissues.
This document discusses anatomical landmarks of the maxilla and mandible that are important for complete denture construction. It describes limiting structures, supporting structures, and relief areas. Limiting structures guide denture extension and include frenums, vestibules, and hamular notch. Primary stress bearing areas are the hard palate and posterior slopes of the ridge. Secondary areas include rugae and tuberosities. Relief must be provided for frenums, incisive papilla, and mental foramen to prevent pain and denture displacement. Landmarks help determine the extent and contours of complete dentures.
This document discusses important oral anatomy landmarks that are relevant to denture construction. It describes both extra-oral and intra-oral landmarks in the maxilla and mandible, including frenums, vestibules, ridges, tuberosities and other structures. The landmarks are described in terms of their location, appearance and significance for guiding denture border design. Key muscles like the masseter, temporalis and pterygoid muscles that influence denture retention and stability are also outlined. Understanding these oral landmarks and muscles helps the operator properly construct removable dentures.
Anatomy and clinical significance of denture bearing areasOgundiran Temidayo
A presentation on the anatomy and clinical significance of the denture bearing areas by Ogundiran Temidayo who is a dental student at OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY ILE-IFE
Concept and tecnique of impression making in complete denturesVinay Kadavakolanu
This document discusses concepts and techniques for complete denture impressions. It begins with definitions of impressions and complete denture impressions. It then reviews the history of impressions from the 18th century to present. Key anatomical landmarks are described for the maxilla and mandible, including supporting, relieving, and limiting structures. Basic requirements for impressions include anatomical knowledge, technique skills, material knowledge, and patient management. Steps and various impression techniques are also outlined.
The document discusses the anatomy and clinical significance of denture bearing areas in the maxilla and mandible. It describes the limiting structures like frenums and vestibules that define the borders for dentures. The supporting structures that bear loads from dentures are also outlined, such as the hard palate, residual ridges, and palatal rugae in the maxilla. Relieved areas like fovea palatinae and incisive papillae are also noted. Understanding these anatomical landmarks is important for properly designing complete dentures that function optimally.
This document provides an overview of important anatomical landmarks in the maxilla for complete dentures. It discusses extraoral landmarks like the vermilion border and nasolabial angle. Intraoral landmarks include the labial and buccal frenums, vestibules, hamular notch, and fovea palatinae. The maxilla has primary and secondary stress bearing areas, as well as relief areas that should not be loaded. Landmarks help determine the limits and extensions of denture borders to maximize retention while avoiding interferences with underlying structures.
The document provides an overview of the periodontium, which includes the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. It describes the microscopic and macroscopic structure of each component in detail. The gingiva is divided into marginal, attached, and interdental regions. It has an epithelial layer and connective tissue layer. The periodontal ligament connects the cementum to the alveolar bone and contains fibers and cellular elements. Cementum covers the root surface and comes in acellular and cellular varieties. The alveolar bone provides support and structure for the teeth. Each component works together to attach and support the teeth.
Gingiva seminar final first october 2015Kuldip Sangha
The document provides definitions and descriptions of the gingiva. It discusses the gingiva's functions of providing a physical barrier and playing a role in host defense. Anatomically, the gingiva is classified into three domains: the free marginal gingiva, the interdental gingiva, and the attached gingiva. The document also describes the histological features of the gingival epithelium, including its stratification and cell-cell junctions like desmosomes that interconnect keratinocytes.
Anatomical landmarks of maxilla and mandible [autosaved]Pooja Langote
The document discusses anatomical landmarks that are important reference points for complete dentures. It defines landmarks as recognizable anatomic structures used for reference points. The key landmarks are categorized as limiting structures, supporting structures, and relief areas. Limiting structures determine the denture border and extension. Supporting structures tolerate masticatory forces. Relief areas are fragile or prone to resorption under load. For both maxilla and mandible, the document outlines the specific anatomical structures that serve as landmarks in each category and their clinical significance for supporting and extending complete dentures.
This document discusses the anatomy and clinical significance of denture bearing areas in the maxilla and mandible. It describes the supporting and limiting structures, including the oral mucosa, residual ridges, hard palate, rugae, and tuberosities. The maxilla provides a larger denture bearing area than the mandible. Key anatomical landmarks that limit denture extension are the labial and buccal frenums, vestibules, hamular notch, and posterior palatal seal area. The document emphasizes that understanding these structures is important for designing complete dentures that are optimally retained and supported.
This document discusses anatomical landmarks that are important for complete dentures. It defines landmarks as recognizable anatomic structures used as reference points. The maxilla and mandible each have limiting structures that determine the denture border, supporting structures that tolerate biting forces as foundations for the denture, and stress relieving structures that should be relieved in the denture due to being fragile or prone to resorption. Specific maxillary landmarks include the labial and buccal frenums, hard palate, and tuberosity. Mandibular landmarks include the labial frenum, buccal shelves, and residual ridge. Understanding these landmarks is crucial for achieving proper retention, stability, and support of complete dentures.
Anatomical landmarks of edentulous mandibular arch ppt (prosthodontics) easil...Shazlana Raheem
(prosthodontics) anatomic landmarks of edentulous mandible arch for dental students in brief.
very easily understandable.
before exam study purpose. there are 17 slides in it totally.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
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A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
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Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
ANATOMIC LANDMARKS OF MAXILLA.pptx
1. Presented by : Dr. K. Mukesh kumar,
MDS 1st year
Department of Prosthodontics
1
2. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Anatomy of Maxilla
3. Macroscopic and microscopic features
4. Anatomical landmarks of maxillary arch
5. Clinical importance of each of the following
6. Limiting structures
7. Supporting structures
8. Relief areas
9. Conclusion
10.References
2
3. INTRODUCTION
• Knowledge of orofacial anatomy is necessary for making
impressions, recording jaw relations, adjusting dentures,
etc.;
• It is necessary to review the important structures and their
functions and aware of anatomical variations
3
4. Objective in fabrication of a complete denture is to provide a
prosthesis that restores lost teeth and associated structures
functionally, anatomically and aesthetically as much as possible
with preservation of underlying structures.
A successful complete denture treatment should meet patients’
functional needs and gain their acceptance.
The anatomy of the edentulous ridge in the maxilla and
mandible is very important for the design of a complete denture.
4
5. ANATOMY OF MAXILLA
Maxilla is a paired bone and is the second largest bone of
the face.
The maxillary denture is supported by two pairs of bones:
• The maxillary bone and
• The palatine bone
5
6. Maxillae consists of a central body and four processes.
The osseous structures not only supports the dentures, but
have a direct bearing on the impression-making procedures,
the position of the teeth, and the contours of the finished
denture bases.
6
7. Macroscopic and microscopic features
An understanding of the macroscopic and microscopic
anatomy of the areas in edentulous mouth is important
since it has direct clinical implications.
Each type of tissue found in the oral cavity has its own
characteristic ability to resist external forces.
7
8. This will help to the selective placement of forces by the denture
bases on the supporting tissues.
The foundation for dentures is called the basal seat, and it is
made up of bone that is covered by mucous membrane, mucosa
and submucosa.
8
9. Oral mucosa:
The bones of the upper and lower edentulous jaws are covered
with soft tissue and the oral cavity is lined with mucous
membrane.
It serves as a cushion between the denture bases and the
supporting bone.
9
10. The oral mucosa is composed of two layers :
10
The Mucosa The Sub Mucosa
The mucosa in the oral cavity is
formed by stratified squamous
epithelium, which may or may not be
keratinized.
The submucosa is formed of the
connective tissue (lamina propria),
which may vary in thickness.
12. Bone:
Bone is a specialized mineralized connective
tissue consisting of 33 % organic matrix and
67% of inorganic matrix.
The configuration of the bone that provides
the support for the dentures varies
considerably with each patient.
12
13. The consistency of the mucosa and the architecture of the
underlying bone is different in various parts of the edentulous
ridge.
13
16. LIMITING STRUCTURES
1. Labial frenum :
It is the fibrous band covered by mucous
membrane that extends from the labial
aspect of the residual ridge to the lip.
It has no muscle fibres, therefore passive
frenum.
Normally it is a single band of fibrous
connective tissue and may consists of two
or more fibrous bands.
16
17. Microscopic feature :
It consists of thin band of mucous membrane, which is non-
keratinized.
17
18. Clinical Considerations:
It serves as guide to locate the midline in the upper occlusal
rim.
Sufficient relief should be given during final impression
procedure and in completed prosthesis because overriding of
function of frenum will cause pain and dislodgement of
denture.
During impression procedure the lip should be stretched
horizontal outwards for the proper recording of frenum.
International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences Anatomic landmarks in a maxillary and mandibular ridge - A clinical perspective 2017; 3(2): 26-
29
18
19. 2. Labial vestibule
It is defined as that portion of the oral cavity which is
bounded on one side by the teeth, gingiva, and alveolar
ridge and on other side by lips and cheeks.
19
20. Microscopic features :
Histological section of the mucous membrane lining the
vestibular spaces depicts a relatively thin epithelium that is
non-keratinized.
The submucosal layer is thick and contains large amounts of
loose areolar tissue and elastic fibers.
20
21. Clinical Considerations:
Orbicularis oris is the main muscle of the lip.
Its tone depends on the support received from the labial flange
of the denture and the position of artificial teeth.
For effective border contact between denture and tissue,
vestibule should be completely filled with impression
material.
International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences Anatomic landmarks in a maxillary and mandibular ridge - A clinical perspective 2017; 3(2): 26-29
21
22. 3. Buccal frenum
It separates the labial and buccal vestibule and overlies the
levator anguli oris muscle.
Muscle attachments -
a.Levator anguli oris – attaches beneath the frenum and
hence influenced by other muscles of facial expression.
b.Orbicularis oris - pulls the frenum forward
c.Buccinator - pulls the frenum backward
22
24. Clinical considerations -
These muscles influence the position of the buccal frenum
hence it needs greater clearance on the buccal flange of the
denture.
During final impression procedure and in final prosthesis
sufficient relief should be given for the movement of frenum
because overriding of function of frenum will cause pain
and dislodgement of denture.
During impression procedure the cheek should be reflected
laterally and posteriorly.
24
25. 4. Buccal vestibule
It extends from the buccal frenum anteriorly to the hamular
notch posteriorly and houses the buccal flange of the denture.
It is also called as
• Coronomaxillary space
• Buccal space
• Buccal pocket
• Tuberosity sulcus
• Buccal sulcus
• Buccal pouch
25
26. The size of the buccal vestibule varies with
• Contraction of buccinator.
• Position of mandible
• Amount of bone loss in maxilla
26
27. Microscopic features :
The histological section reveals like the labial vestibule, which is
thin non-keratinized epithelium with thick submucosa that
contains loose areolar tissue and elastic fibers.
27
28. The coronomaxillary space is that anatomic region that lies
medial to coronoid process ,lateral to maxillary tuberosity and
bounded anteriorly by base of zygomatic process and
posteriorly by pterygo-maxillary / hamular notch. Its inferior
boundary is at crest of the residual ridge.
28
29. Clinical considerations –
The buccal flange borders depend upon movement of ramus of
mandible at the distal end of buccal vestibule and hence the
denture should be adjusted in such a way that there is no
interference to the coronoid process during mouth opening.
To effectively record the maxillary buccal sulcus the mouth
should be half way closed because wide opening of the mouth
narrows the space and does not allow proper contouring of
sulcus because the coronoid process of mandible comes closer
to the sulcus.
29
30. 5. Hamular or Pterygomaxillary notch
It is the depression situated between the maxillary tuberosity and
the hamulus of medial pterygoid plate.
It is a narrow cleft of loose connective tissue which is
approximately 2mm in extent anteroposteriorly.
30
31. Microscopic features :
The submucosa of the mucous membrane contained within the
hamular notch is thick and made up of loose or areolar tissue.
31
32. Clinical considerations :
• Denture should not extend beyond the hamular notch,
failure of which will result in restricted pterygomandibular
raphe movement.
• If the border is located anteriorly near the maxillary
tuberosity, the denture will not have any retentive
properties because the border seal is absent when placed
over non resilient tissues.
32
33. 6. Posterior palatal seal
It is defined as the soft tissues at or along the junction of the
hard and soft palates on which pressure within the physiologic
limits of the tissues can be applied by a denture to aid in the
retention of the denture. – GPT-9
The posterior palatal seal is divided into two separate but
confluent areas based upon anatomic boundaries.
33
34. Pterygomaxillary seal
Post palatal seal
Laterally the pterygomaxillary seal
extends through the
pterygomaxillary notch or hamular
notch continuing for 3-4 mm
anterolaterally approximating the
mucogingival junction.
The post palatal seal
extends medially from one
tuberosity to the
other.
Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University ,Volume 15, Issue 4,Techniques to record PPS : a review October-December
2020. 34
35. European Journal of Prosthodontics, Volume 2 ,Issue 2 The posterior palatal seal: Its rationale and importance: An overview41-47 ,2014-05-06
35
36. VIBRATING LINES
It is defined as "the imaginary line across the posterior part of
the soft palate marking the division between the movable and
immovable tissue". – GPT -8
The posterior palatal seal area lies between anterior and
posterior vibrating lines.
The anterior vibrating line is an imaginary line located at the
junction of the attached tissues overlying the hard palate and the
movable tissues of the immediately adjacent soft palate.
36
37. The Posterior Vibrating Line is an imaginary line at the
junction of the aponeurosis of the tensor veli palatine muscle
and the muscular portion of the soft palate.
It represents the demarcation between the part of the soft
palate that has limited movement during function and the
remainder of the soft palate that is markedly displaced during
functional movements.
37
39. Microscopic features :
The submucosa in the region of the vibrating line on the soft
palate contains glandular tissue.
39
Shape and contour of posterior palatal seal area in an
edentulous patient.
40. LOCATING POSTERIOR PALATAL SEAL REGION :
Palpation method using a ‘T’ burnisher
Nose blow method or Valsalva maneuver :
Closing both the nostrils of the patient and asking him to blow
gently through the nose.
Phonation method :
Visualizing the vibrating lines as the patient says “ah”
Anatomical landmarks :
Using fovea palatinae to identify vibrating area.
40
41. Rationale of Posterior Palatal Seal
This landmark presents a three dimensional seal area which
supplements values of retention of maxillary denture.
It serves as a barrier and prevents ingress of fluid, food, air
between denture and tissue surface.
It helps in decreasing gag reflex.
It guides the positioning of custom tray during secondary
impression.
By providing a thick border it compensates the warpage that
occur during polymerization.
It provides comfort and confidence to the patient by increasing
the retention of denture.
Journal of Academy of Dental Education, 13-17, DOI: 10.18311/jade/2017/16451 41
42. SUPPORTING STRUCTURES
These are the load bearing areas which show minimal ridge
resorption even under constant load.
The denture should be designed such that most of the load is
concentrated on these areas.
1. Primary stress bearing area
2. Secondary stress bearing area
42
43. 1. Hard palate
The anterior region of the palate is formed by the palatine
shelves of the maxillary bone, which meet at the centre to form
the median suture.
The horizontal plate of the palatine bone forms the posterior part
of the palate.
43
44. Microscopic features :
The soft tissues covering the hard palate vary considerably in
consistency and thickness in different locations.
Anterolaterally, the submucosa of the hard palate contains
adipose tissue
Posterolaterally, the submucosa contains glandular tissue.
Histology of the mucous membrane in the
posterolateral part of the hard palate
Histology of the mucous membrane in the
anterolateral part of hard palate
44
45. Clinical considerations :
• It acts as the primary support area for maxillary denture.
• The trabecular pattern in the bone is perpendicular to the
direction of masticatory force, making it capable to
withstand any amount of force.
45
46. 2. Residual ridge
It is defined as the portion of the residual bone and its soft tissue
that remain after the removal of teeth.
Microscopic features :
The bone over the crest of the upper residual ridge is compact in
nature made up of haversian system.
As the mucous membrane extends from the crest along the slope
of the upper residual ridge, it tends to loose its firm attachment
to the underlying bone, which marks the end of the residual
attached mucous membrane.
46
47. Clinical considerations :
• It resorbs rapidly following extraction and continues
throughout life in a reduced rate.
• The submucosa over the ridge has adequate resiliency to
support the denture.
47
48. 3. Palatal rugae
These are mucosal folds located in the anterior region of the
palatal mucosa.
They act as a secondary support area.
Clinical considerations -
• The folds of the mucosa play an important role in speech.
• It should be recorded under no pressure since the denture
unseats when rugae rebounds and tissue distorts.
48
49. 4. Maxillary tuberosity
It is the bulbus extension of the residual ridge in the second and
third molar region.
Microscopic features :
Consist of fibrous tissue.
Clinical considerations :
The posterior part of the ridge and the tuberosity areas are most
important areas of support because they are least likely to
resorb.
49
50. RELIEF AREAS
These are the areas that resorb under constant load or contain
fragile structures within.
The denture should be designed such that the masticatory load
is not concentrated over the areas.
50
51. 1. Incisive papilla
It is a midline structure situated behind the central incisors.
It is the exit point of the nasopalatine nerves and vessels.
51
52. Microscopic features :
Histological section through the incisive papilla and the
nasopalatine canal would reveal that the submucosa contains
the nasopalatine vessels and nerves.
52
53. Clinical considerations :
• It should be relieved and if not the denture will compress the
vessels and nerves.
• It might lead to necrosis of the distributing areas.
• It may also cause paraesthesia of anterior palate.
53
54. 2. Mid palatine raphe
This is the median suture area covered by a thin submucosa.
54
55. Microscopic features :
The mucosa is firmly attached to the underlying bone in this
region with the submucosa very thin.
55
56. Clinical considerations :
• It should be relieved during denture fabrication as this area is
the most sensitive part of the palate to pressure.
• In case of inadequate relief, fulcrum point is created which
might cause rocking of the denture.
• The exact amount of relief can be easily obtained in the
completed denture with the use of pressure-disclosing paste.
56
57. 3. Fovea palatinea
These are two ductal openings into which the ducts of other
palatal mucous glands open.
Microscopic features :
The fovea is formed by a coalescence of several mucous
gland ducts.
57
58. Clinical considerations :
• This acts as an arbitrary guide to locate the posterior border
of the denture.
• The secretion of the fovea spreads as a thin film on the
denture thereby aiding in retention.
• In patients with thick ropy saliva, this should be left
uncovered or else it can increase the hydrostatic pressure
and displace the denture.
58
59. 4. Cuspid eminence
It is a bony elevation on the residual alveolar ridge formed after
extraction of canine.
It is located between the canine and first premolar region.
Clinical considerations -
It must be relieved to avoid the complication under pressure.
59
60. 5. Torus palatinus
• This is a bony enlargement that occurs in the middle of the
palate in 20% of the population.
• It is covered by a thin mucosa which can act as a fulcrum and
is easily traumatised.
• Relief should be provided or surgical excision is planned.
Microscopic features :
It is covered by a thin mucosa.
60
62. CONCLUSION :
A good architect will not attempt to design a building until
he or she is very familiar with the site. Likewise, the dentist
must know all the oral and facial anatomy that is associated
with the making of impressions -Bernard levin.
A complete denture must be designed with an emphasis on
preservation of the remaining oral structures and
understanding of the psychological changes affected by the
loss of all natural teeth.
62
63. In order to construct a prosthesis a dentist requires an
understanding of its components , its properties , and its
qualities to assure support for the proposed prosthesis.
A thorough knowledge of oral anatomy helps the clinician in
identifying enough landmarks that in turn act as positive guides
in treatment planning
63
65. • Bernard L. Impressions for complete dentures. Quintessence:
Chicago. 1984:71-90.
• Rangarajan Padmanabhan. Textbook of Prosthodontics. Section
1, Chapter 4. Second edition. 2017. Elsevier. RELX India Pvt
Ltd.
• European Journal Of Prosthodontics , Volume 2, Issue 2 The
posterior palatal seal: Its rationale and importance: An overview,
41-47 ,2014-05-06
• Agrawal S, Sathe S, Shinde D, Balwani T. Techniques to record
posterior palatal seal: A review
65
Joined by intermaxillary suture and mid-palatine suture
directly affects their success when they treat edentulous patients
determine the form of the denture borders that will be harmonious with the normal function of the limiting structures around them.
It consists of areolar tissue, glandular, fat, or muscle cells and transmits the blood and nerve supply to the mucosa. The submucosa is attached to the bone by periosteum. The denture bases rest on the mucous membrane
Bone is living tissue that is the hardest among other connective tissues in the body. The main function of bone is to provide support.
. The labial notch in the labial flange of the denture should be wide and deep enough to allow the frenum to pass through it without manipulation of the lip.
Medial aspect of maxilla and mandible
wider and relatively shallower)
It is bounded anteriorly by the buccal frenum, laterally by the buccal mucosa and medially by residual alveolar ridge.
Located by using T-burnisher
Mouth mirror being used to locate pterygomaxillary notch
Immovable hard palate movable soft palate
similar to that in the submucosa in the posterolateral part of the hard palate.
by maintaining positive contact with moving soft palate.