This document describes the anatomy of the knee, including bones, ligaments, muscles, and cartilage. It then discusses common knee injuries such as sprains, ACL tears, and meniscus tears. The author details her symptoms including instability, pain on the inside of the knee, and limitations of motion. She suspects injuries to her ACL, meniscus, and other ligaments based on her symptoms and history of knee injuries from sports. The conclusion recommends getting an MRI to properly diagnose the knee issues.
Knee pain is a very common condition. Traditional measures only address symptoms while the underlying cause is still present. Find out why and what additional steps need to be taken.
Learn more at www.HyProCure.com.
Knee pain is a very common condition. Traditional measures only address symptoms while the underlying cause is still present. Find out why and what additional steps need to be taken.
Learn more at www.HyProCure.com.
DR. GIRISH MOTWANI
Consultant Foot & Ankle surgeon (Paediatric & Adult)
1)Sushrut Hospital, Research Centre & PostGraduate Institute of Orthopaedics, Nagpur west
2)Aman hospital,Nagpur east
3)South point clinic, Nagpur south
Knee injuries in sports medicine & arthroscopydocortho Patel
knee ligaments injuries are so incresing in sports persons & even in accidental trauma.here providing you basic knowledge of these injuries & arthroscopy treatment
DR. GIRISH MOTWANI
Consultant Foot & Ankle surgeon (Paediatric & Adult)
1)Sushrut Hospital, Research Centre & PostGraduate Institute of Orthopaedics, Nagpur west
2)Aman hospital,Nagpur east
3)South point clinic, Nagpur south
Knee injuries in sports medicine & arthroscopydocortho Patel
knee ligaments injuries are so incresing in sports persons & even in accidental trauma.here providing you basic knowledge of these injuries & arthroscopy treatment
Sports injuries are injuries that occur when engaging in sports or exercise. Sports injuries can occur due to overtraining, lack of conditioning, and improper form or technique. Failing to warm up increases the risk of sports injuries. Bruises, strains, sprains, tears, and broken bones can result from sports injuries.
For more information about knee sprains, watch this presentation. Here you will find four ligaments in the knee joint, any of which can be sprained.
URL:- www.metrophysio.co.uk
Research outcome measures related to ankle foot complex indications of de...Missions1
This presentation is about commonly used outcome measures of ankle foot complex. It also has information about delorme boot which a tool for progressive resisted exercise training
Injuries to a ligament are common, especially during athletic activity. Ligaments in the ankle, knee, and wrist are consistently in action during athletic activity and thus are under a lot of stress.
Dr. Bharani Kumar Dayanandam is a prominent Orthopaedic Surgeon providing a wide range of treatments for Shoulder Injuries in Chennai, India
Visit us @ https://www.chennaiorthopaedics.com
The foot is the foundation to the body. The alignment of the foot is crucial for proper foot function. This lecture discusses normal and abnormal alignment and the exact cause that leads to a faulty foot structure.
Learn more at www.GraMedica.com.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
2. Knee Structure - Bones 3 bones: Femur (thigh bone) Knee cap (patella) - protects the knee joint and through tendons and ligaments supports the leg muscles Tibia (shin bone) Bones are connected to other bones by ligaments
11. Knee Structure – Muscles and cartilages Quadricep Muscles - Large muscles at the front of the thigh that holds the patella against the thighbone. Patella Tendon - Attaches the patella to the tibia. Menisci - Cartilage pads that help distribute weight and force.
12. Knee Injuries Injured ligaments are considered "sprains" and are graded on a severity scale. Grade 1 Sprains. The ligament is mildly damaged in a Grade 1 Sprain. It has been slightly stretched, but is still able to help keep the knee joint stable. Grade 2 Sprains. A Grade 2 Sprain stretches the ligament to the point where it becomes loose. This is often referred to as a partial tear of the ligament. Grade 3 Sprains. This type of sprain is most commonly referred to as a complete tear of the ligament. The ligament has been split into two pieces, and the knee joint is unstable. If they're not treated at the time, ligament injuries may act up months or years later!!!! (hmmm, quiet possibly my case)
13.
14. Noticed this after the injured knee has been held in one position for a while. I attempted to move the knee and gradually gained motion (very painful I must say).
15.
16. Injuries (that I remember) so far… 1998 – left knee. Playing soccer, hurt it by just running. 2000 – left knee. Soccer, abrupt stop. 2002 – left knee. Kick on the back. 2003 – left knee. Soccer, fast twist in motion while running. 2004 – left knee. Gymnastics, hurdle (skip step) before front attempting to perform a silly handspring. 2004 – right knee. Gymnastics, hit the inside of the knee with balance beam while falling off in an attempt to perform an aerial. 2009 – right knee. Soccer, my foot kind of entangled to another girl’s. 2010 – right knee. Soccer side tackle. 2010 – right knee. Uneven sidewalk, miss stepped and ankle rolled (no ankle sprain). 2011 – left knee. While stretching in a split position (right leg in front), popped, it hurt but nothing compared to other times. 2011 – right knee. Gave away while squatting to pick up something. So far the most stupid way of hurting it. WORST one ever!
17. Interesting Facts Acute knee injuries in sports include: contusions, sprains, strains, fractures, and dislocations. 90% of the time ACL tear is misdiagnosed. Severe ligament injuries: hallmark sign of which is instability. Unanticipated moves can result in dynamic (musclotendinous) or static (capsilar, meniscal, ligament). A snapping, popping, ripping, or tearing sensation at the time of injury is generally indicative of a severe injury. After an injury knowing that full extension of the knee was possible practically preludes the possibility of a dislocation, locked, buckle-handed meniscus tear.
18. ACL Injury Largest numbers are sustained in the running/jumping sports: football, basketball, soccer, gymnastics. Usually is a result of a cutting, or turning maneuver or abrupt deceleration. Isolated tears of the menisci or ACL are usually a result of deceleration or rotational forces on the weight-bearing knee as may occur in any running or jumping activity. In jumping activities the injury is caused by a mislanding (not my case but worth to take a note). Isolated sprains or anterior cruciate ligament are almost never the result of contact or collision (contradicts with my right knee’s first and most devastating injury) A snap or pop during a deceleration or cutting maneuver implies ACL or meniscal injury until proven otherwise.
19. ACL Injury Symptoms: Pop/snap and knee abruptly going out. Athlete falls to the ground in SEVERE pain. Pain – usually sharp at first and then becomes dull Swelling – in the form of effusion of hemarthrosis Instability – knee doesn’t feel right
20. ACL Injury Past history may be contributory. Patellar subluxations and dislocations tend to be recurrent. Prior ACL tears may predispose to meniscal injuries. Any incomplete rehabilitated prior injury may render the knee vulnerable to recurrent
21. Chronic Anterior Knee Pain Past history may be contributory. Patellar subluxations and dislocations tend to be recurrent. Prior ACL tears may predispose to meniscal injuries. Any incomplete rehabilitated prior injury may render the knee vulnerable to recurrent Chronic Anterior Knee Pain – stems from either extensor mechanism problems or degenerative joint disease. Three conditions: Patellofemoral dysfunction – aka chondromalacia or runner’s knee Patellar tendinitis Osgood-Schlatter disease
22. Chronic Anterior Knee Pain Vastusmedialis muscle (smallest of the 4 components of the quads). Because of its direction of pull, it is the most important from the standpoint of positioning and stabilizing the patella. Successful treatment: strengthening, exercise. Patellofemoral dysfunction often is noted as a residual of an acute knee injury. Patellofemoral dysfunction – ascending/descending hills or stairs, squatting, weight bearing, ballet plie position, after sitting for long periods of time with knee flexed (theater symptom). Running and jumping is associated with all 3 conditions Patellofemoral dysfunction pain usually is localized in over the medial retinaculum (inside of the knee) Patellar tendinitis pain is usually located at the inferior pole of the patella (sounds familiar :/)
23. Chondromalacia Patellae Degenerative change in the articular cartilage of the patella. Caused by abnormal compression or shearing forces. 4 stages: Articular cartilage shows softening or blistering Fissures appear in cartilage Fibrillation of the cartilage occurs Full cartilage defects are present and subchondral bone is exposed Treatment: medial quad strengthening, hamstring flexibility. Use a knee sleeve with a patellar cut-out.
24. Meniscus Tear Pain at the inside of the knee can indicate a tear to the medial meniscus. Pain at the outer side of the affected knee may indicate a tear to the lateral meniscus. Moderate-large tear Pain at the side or in the center of the knee Knee feel stiff and limit bending Sharp pain when twisting or squatting Pieces of the torn meniscus can float into the joint space. This can make the knee catch, pop, or lock Knee can also feel "wobbly" or unstable, or give way without warning
25. Conclusion: My suspicions… Either one or a combination of: ACL Some sort of chronic anterior knee pain, most likely patellofemoral dysfunction Medial meniscus tear MCL tear (?) Inside of the knee Ana: Get an MRI, end of story!!