Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, born on June 27, 1838, and a key figure in Bengali literature, wrote 13 novels and is known for his patriotic themes, especially in his novel 'Anandamath' published in 1882. The novel blends history and romance while exploring themes of sacrifice, love for the motherland, and the socio-political context of British rule in India. Despite expressing a notion of British supremacy, it evokes deep patriotism, culminating in 'Vande Mataram' becoming a symbol of the freedom struggle.

3.  Bankim Chandra Chatterjee was born on june 27 1838 .
 The name Bankim Chandra means the moon on the second day of
the bright fortnight.
 He started his literary career by writing poems and prose pieces in
Sambhad Prabhakar, a periodical.
 He wrote thirteen novels in Bengali and his literary period is
classified into three phases.
 The greatest novelist of Bengali literatyre died on 8 April , 1884 at
the age of 55

4.  A Bengali novel
 First published in 1882
 It was serialized first in the journal Bangadarshan
 A work of patriotism
 Novel is a collaboration of both history and
romance
 Four English translations are available

5.  Bengal witnessed the continues changing of
rules ( Mughal and British rulers)
 Emerging of English East India company as a
ruler of Bengal
 Battle of Plassey (1757) : A decisive victory
of the British East India Company over the
Nawab of Bengal and his French allies.

6.  Diwani Right or Taxation Right: By this
act English East India company became
the supreme authority of Bengal
 Battle of Buxar (1764): Between the
forces under the command of the British
East India Company and the combined
army of the Nawab of Awadh and the
Mughal King Shah Alam II .The battle
fought at Buxar, was a decisive victory
for the British East India Company.

7.  Satyananda: The founder and main Guru of Anandamath as
a master he controls each and every character in the novel.
 Mahendra : Novel begins by introducing mahendra. He is a
true disciple of swami with high energy of nationalism.
 Bhavan: A brave commander of Anandamath who dies
during the battle against the British.
 Jiban: The most accomplished and loyal disciple of
Satyananda.

8.  Shanti : She is a strong , brave, independent and
intelligent woman. She lives her life in an
independent manner. She had her own ideologies
and principles.
 Kalyani : Wife of Mahendra
 Dhiren : Commander of Anandamath . A brave
santhan who left his family for the sake of his
motherland.
 Other characters : Sukumari , Gouri Devi , Nimi,
Captain Thomas, Major Edward and a holy man.

9.  It is a strong human love and passion interwoven
with a strong of sacrifice and patriotism.
 Love towards Mother Earth or Motherland is the
primary theme and the freedom struggle can only
be considered as a secondary one.
 At the end of the novel , the author pleads through
a character the importance and necessity of British
rule in India as an instrument of social changes
and regeneration. But its theme is intensely
patriotic and because of it the novel banned by the
British.

10.  It is considered to be the early war of independence in the late
eighteenth century.
 The British had got the Diwani right of Bengal, by using this right
they were looted local land lords and zemindars.
 Sanyasi’s and fakirs are the active members of this rebellion they
stood up against the oppressive tax collection. The result was that
these Sanyasis started raiding the government treasuries.
 Our national song Vande Mataram is the best reminder of the
Sanyasi Rebellion.

11.  English East India Company became the ruling power of Bengal
after defeating Siraj Ud Daula in 1757 .
 After that they looted all Bengal treasuries.
 People were died due to strong starvation.
 Beggers increased in such a large number so that the charitable
works became unable to practice.
 Shortage of grains and food crops, people were start to eating leaves,
grass and weeds of plants.

12. The National Song Vandemataram (I salute the
Mother) first appears in this novel and then it
became the song of the freedom fighters of Mother
India and finally it become India’s National Song.

13.  Bankim’s criticism was against Muslim rulers Of
Bengal.
 Novel ends in most favour of British.
 He reveals his political affinity towards British by
giving a notion that British has supremacy over
country.
 Evokes patriotic feelings of reader especially
readers.

14.  Kalyani represents a typical
Indian wife , who consider her
husband as god and she is the
prime example for some of the
ill practices prevailed in the
country one example quoted
from the novel ‘according to
the custom , it was unable to
utter the name of her
husband’
 While Shanti represent a
strong , independent and
intelligent women. She does
not need the help of others .
 She is a brave enigmatic
fighter who doesn’t care what
the society expects out of a
woman.

15.  The novel Anandamath later adapted into a film
entitled Anandamath (1952)
 Directed by Hemen Gupta
 Starring
Bharat Bhushan
Pradeep Kumar
Geeta Bali.
 Music was by Hemant Kumar, who carefully
inserted version of the Vande Mataram.