The worldwide energy demand is increasing and hence necessity measures need to be taken to reduce the energy wastage with proper metering infrastructure in the buildings. A Smart meter can be used to monitor electricity consumption of customers in the smart grid technology. For allocating the available resources proper energy demand management is required. During the past years, various methods are being utilized for energy demand management to precisely calculate the requirements of energy that is yet to come. A large system presents a potential esteem to execute energy conservation as well as additional services linked to energy services, extended as a competent with end user is executed. The supervising system at the utilities determines the interface of devices with significant advantages, while the communication with the household is frequently proposing particular structures for appropriate buyer-oriented implementation of a smart meter network. Also, this paper concentrates on the estimation of vitality utilization. In this paper energy is measured in units and also product arrangement is given to create bill for energy consumption and implementing in LabVIEW software. An IOT based platform is created for remote monitoring of the metering infrastructure in the real time. The data visualization is also carried out in webpage and the data packet loss is investigated in the remote monitoring of the parameters.
IOT-ENABLED GREEN CAMPUS ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ijesajournal
Increasing cost and demand for energy is imposing us to find smart ways to save energy. To satisfy the energy requirement and at the same time to cut down the cost, consumption of energy must be monitored and controlled. Energy consumption can be well managed with the capabilities of the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper presents an architecture towards IoT-enabled Green campus Energy Management System. In the proposed system, the data acquisition module collects energy consumption information from each device and transmits it to the cloud platform for further processing and analysis. Since lighting and air conditioning appliances contribute to most of the electricity consumption in the campus environment, they have been taken as a prototype to validate the proposed architecture.
Instant Access of Power Usage through IP Enabled Electronic Power MeterIJERD Editor
Nowadays Electrical Energy is a vital resource for human being for their day to day activities. It is
very important to know the usage of electricity to regulate the consumption. The power usage is a very
important criterion in places like domestic purpose, industries, public places, etc. At the end of every month as
soon as the electricity bill arrives we may be surprised because of over usage, we may get more bill amount and
in turn electrical board may demand us pay more ASD (Advanced security deposit). To overcome this problem
we propose the new idea of enabling the digital meters to send the instant power usage statistics through
Internet. It is very important to know about the basic knowledge of what is electricity meter, how to measure the
amount of electrical energy (in watt hour [Wh] units), and power consumption by house hold equipments or
devices. We should also know the tariff of the Electrical board for each unit in various domains. By using all
these data we can provide an effective regulation of power usage and in turn which leads to expected electrical
bill amount. This paper gives a new approach towards instant access of power usage details through IP enabled
electronic meter to minimize or reduce the day to day electrical power consumption.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
DESIGN OF INTELLIGENT DEVICE TO SAVE STANDBY POWER IN NETWORK ENABLED DEVICESIAEME Publication
Network connectivity is rapidly expanding to a range of new device groups that offer both wired and wireless network functionality. In 2012, 74% of Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and 94% of consumer Internet traffic originated from personal computers (PCs). By 2017, analysts predict that 49% of IP traffic and 39% of consumer Internet traffic will originate from non‑PC networked enabled devices. For network enabled devices, the most appropriate method of energy consumption reduction would be the total disconnection reduced time of operation since they are used infrequently. Automatic Power cut-off and Reset Device is the device which will avoid the standby power consumption.
IOT-ENABLED GREEN CAMPUS ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ijesajournal
Increasing cost and demand for energy is imposing us to find smart ways to save energy. To satisfy the energy requirement and at the same time to cut down the cost, consumption of energy must be monitored and controlled. Energy consumption can be well managed with the capabilities of the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper presents an architecture towards IoT-enabled Green campus Energy Management System. In the proposed system, the data acquisition module collects energy consumption information from each device and transmits it to the cloud platform for further processing and analysis. Since lighting and air conditioning appliances contribute to most of the electricity consumption in the campus environment, they have been taken as a prototype to validate the proposed architecture.
Instant Access of Power Usage through IP Enabled Electronic Power MeterIJERD Editor
Nowadays Electrical Energy is a vital resource for human being for their day to day activities. It is
very important to know the usage of electricity to regulate the consumption. The power usage is a very
important criterion in places like domestic purpose, industries, public places, etc. At the end of every month as
soon as the electricity bill arrives we may be surprised because of over usage, we may get more bill amount and
in turn electrical board may demand us pay more ASD (Advanced security deposit). To overcome this problem
we propose the new idea of enabling the digital meters to send the instant power usage statistics through
Internet. It is very important to know about the basic knowledge of what is electricity meter, how to measure the
amount of electrical energy (in watt hour [Wh] units), and power consumption by house hold equipments or
devices. We should also know the tariff of the Electrical board for each unit in various domains. By using all
these data we can provide an effective regulation of power usage and in turn which leads to expected electrical
bill amount. This paper gives a new approach towards instant access of power usage details through IP enabled
electronic meter to minimize or reduce the day to day electrical power consumption.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
DESIGN OF INTELLIGENT DEVICE TO SAVE STANDBY POWER IN NETWORK ENABLED DEVICESIAEME Publication
Network connectivity is rapidly expanding to a range of new device groups that offer both wired and wireless network functionality. In 2012, 74% of Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and 94% of consumer Internet traffic originated from personal computers (PCs). By 2017, analysts predict that 49% of IP traffic and 39% of consumer Internet traffic will originate from non‑PC networked enabled devices. For network enabled devices, the most appropriate method of energy consumption reduction would be the total disconnection reduced time of operation since they are used infrequently. Automatic Power cut-off and Reset Device is the device which will avoid the standby power consumption.
Thank you very much for checking out my presentation.
If you are a student or a faculty of an engineering college and need to create a presentation, you can contact me. Check out my profile to know how.
This project describes about a device, which measures the power consumed by our household devices, using IoT technology.
It’s no wonder that smart meter rollouts have skyrocketed with supporting business case findings such as ComEd customers saving potentially $2.8 billion on their electric bills over the 20-year life of the smart meters. Largely due to the aggressive U.S. effort to modernize its electric grid pros and cons (for example PG&E will now offer ‘opt out option’) for smart meters are still aggressively being debated; nonetheless the number of smart meters installed in the U.S. has ballooned over the past several years – with just over fifty utilities deploying the bulk of the investment. Zpryme analyzed data from the EIA in an effort to not only breakdown smart meter deployments by utility but also to zero in on the drivers that will bridge the U.S. energy divide.
Iot based home automation system for electricity usageIJARIIT
One of the important scientific discovery of all time is of electricity. Electricity has many uses in our day to day life and
provides comfort to people. The existing system for Electricity meter reading has many drawbacks such as real time data is not
available, huge human resource requirement, difficulty in construction etc. This research proposes an IOT based system to
overcome drawbacks and provide additional benefits. The proposed system uses Arduino microcontroller, to read the no of units
consumed by electrical appliances. These data is than send to a remote server using Ethernet shield. At the user end, an android
application is created which allows the user to fetch data in real time and represent it graphically. In an effort to overcome the
energy crisis, these systems send an SMS to the user when his/her home electricity usage crosses a threshold. To notify the user
about his daily electricity usage a notification will be sent to the android application every day. The above system has been
designed to overcome drawbacks of the existing system, ease of accessing real time data and to reduce energy crisis.
Design and Implementation of IOT Based Smart Power Monitoring and Management ...ijesajournal
We will design a system based on WSNs and IoT technologies to manage real-time power at buildings. This system comprises of: a wireless sensor network (sensing node and base station) and a smart home gateway. A sensing node is utilized wireless sensors to measure voltage and current; to calculate power consumption of connected appliances, transmitted wirelessly to a base station via Zigbee node. A base station is designed to receive all data transmitted from the sensing node and display it through GUI available at the personal computer, with the possibility of controlling ON and OFF appliances according to consumer requirements; All of these readings will be stored at database for analysis. In addition, a smart home gateway will connect the system with internet to allow consumers to continuous monitoring and remote control the appliances via a smartphone application. The benefit of this system, that the appliances control mechanism can be done in different ways (manually, automatically, and remotely). Various household appliances were tested to verify the accuracy of the electrical parameters that measured at system and compare them with practical measurement, found the average error ratio between them (0.3%) was in voltage, (1.5%) in current, and (1.8%) in power.
Design of a Smart Meter for the Indian Energy ScenarioIJERA Editor
Accurate metering, detection of energy theft and implementation of proper tariff as well as billing system are vital in wise energy management. These objectives can be achieved by using Smart Meters. This article introduces a microcontroller based Smart Meter using wireless communication and LabVIEW suitable for the Indian Energy Scenario. The Smart Meter and Time Of Day (TOD) tariff pricing make the consumers an active part of energy management, thereby energy deficit during peak hours can be alleviated indirectly.
IoT Based Smart Energy Meter using Raspberry Pi and Arduino Bilal Amjad
This project, design and implemented a low-cost IoT based energy monitoring system (smart energy meter) for real-time monitoring of all electrical parameters i.e. AC voltage, AC current, active power, total energy consumption, power factor, frequency, and tariff. The design is based on a low-cost PZEM-004T, using a non-invasive Current Transformer
(CT) sensors, Arduino and Raspberry pi. Electrical measurements are done by PZEM-004T and CT sensors through Arduino. Raspberry pi communicates with Arduino through serial communication to retrieve these sensor’s data and send it to the server via internet. As a result, the developed energy monitoring system can successfully record the voltage, current, active power, power factor, frequency, accumulative power consumption and tariff. Consumers will be able to
see their electricity usage and the tariff according to the energy usage in real-time through web and mobile application. In case of any fault e.g., short circuit or power supply cut off, the consumer will receive a text message on his mobile number. Moreover, consumers will be able to receive the tariff on a weekly or monthly basis.
Importance of Measurements in Smart GridIJERD Editor
- The need to get reliable supply, independence from fossil fuels, and capability to provide clean
energy at a fixed and lower cost, the existing power grid structure is transforming into Smart Grid. The
development of a smart energy distribution grid is a current goal of many nations. A Smart Grid should have
new capabilities such as self-healing, high reliability, energy management, and real-time pricing. This new era
of smart future grid will lead to major changes in existing technologies at generation, transmission and
distribution levels. The incorporation of renewable energy resources and distribution generators in the existing
grid will increase the complexity, optimization problems and instability of the system. This will lead to a
paradigm shift in the instrumentation and control requirements for Smart Grids for high quality, stable and
reliable electricity supply of power. The monitoring of the grid system state and stability relies on the
availability of reliable measurement of data. In this paper the measurement areas that highlight new
measurement challenges, development of the Smart Meters and the critical parameters of electric energy to be
monitored for improving the reliability of power systems has been discussed.
Vision and Strategy for India’s Electricity Metering Infrastructure of the fu...IJERA Editor
In the country like India with over millions of kilometers of transmission lines and billions of consumers, task of
collecting information related to energy consumption of every consumer is a critical job. The meter reader has to
travel a long distance and take reading manually to collect the data. This reading is then feed in a central
database. Then the bill gets generated later with help of software. This project intends to reduce this tedious
work by automating the process of collecting data from consumer’s electricity meter. This would be done by
implementing Advanced Metering Infrastructure that unites all the various metering devices of a building in one
network and provides the metering data in real-time, locally and from remote. Here, AMI uses ZigBee to build
up high-rise building area network of connected metering devices.
Building the smart grid means integration of advanced information, communication and networking
technologies in the traditional electric grid to make it smarter and faster in making decisions. IoT platform
provides very high redundancy, virtually unlimited data storage and worldwide data access. Through the IoT,
consumers, manufacturers and utility providers will uncover new ways to manage devices and ultimately conserve
resources and save money by using smart meters, home gateways and connected appliances. In this paper, we
propose an architecture for monitoring power in smart grid applications using wireless sensor network (WSN)
technology embedded in an Internet of Things platform (IoT). The advantages of the proposed architecture are: 1)
it ensures privacy and provides secure access to data; 2) it enables users, service providers and application
developers to interact with the platform through user interfaces.
Thank you very much for checking out my presentation.
If you are a student or a faculty of an engineering college and need to create a presentation, you can contact me. Check out my profile to know how.
This project describes about a device, which measures the power consumed by our household devices, using IoT technology.
It’s no wonder that smart meter rollouts have skyrocketed with supporting business case findings such as ComEd customers saving potentially $2.8 billion on their electric bills over the 20-year life of the smart meters. Largely due to the aggressive U.S. effort to modernize its electric grid pros and cons (for example PG&E will now offer ‘opt out option’) for smart meters are still aggressively being debated; nonetheless the number of smart meters installed in the U.S. has ballooned over the past several years – with just over fifty utilities deploying the bulk of the investment. Zpryme analyzed data from the EIA in an effort to not only breakdown smart meter deployments by utility but also to zero in on the drivers that will bridge the U.S. energy divide.
Iot based home automation system for electricity usageIJARIIT
One of the important scientific discovery of all time is of electricity. Electricity has many uses in our day to day life and
provides comfort to people. The existing system for Electricity meter reading has many drawbacks such as real time data is not
available, huge human resource requirement, difficulty in construction etc. This research proposes an IOT based system to
overcome drawbacks and provide additional benefits. The proposed system uses Arduino microcontroller, to read the no of units
consumed by electrical appliances. These data is than send to a remote server using Ethernet shield. At the user end, an android
application is created which allows the user to fetch data in real time and represent it graphically. In an effort to overcome the
energy crisis, these systems send an SMS to the user when his/her home electricity usage crosses a threshold. To notify the user
about his daily electricity usage a notification will be sent to the android application every day. The above system has been
designed to overcome drawbacks of the existing system, ease of accessing real time data and to reduce energy crisis.
Design and Implementation of IOT Based Smart Power Monitoring and Management ...ijesajournal
We will design a system based on WSNs and IoT technologies to manage real-time power at buildings. This system comprises of: a wireless sensor network (sensing node and base station) and a smart home gateway. A sensing node is utilized wireless sensors to measure voltage and current; to calculate power consumption of connected appliances, transmitted wirelessly to a base station via Zigbee node. A base station is designed to receive all data transmitted from the sensing node and display it through GUI available at the personal computer, with the possibility of controlling ON and OFF appliances according to consumer requirements; All of these readings will be stored at database for analysis. In addition, a smart home gateway will connect the system with internet to allow consumers to continuous monitoring and remote control the appliances via a smartphone application. The benefit of this system, that the appliances control mechanism can be done in different ways (manually, automatically, and remotely). Various household appliances were tested to verify the accuracy of the electrical parameters that measured at system and compare them with practical measurement, found the average error ratio between them (0.3%) was in voltage, (1.5%) in current, and (1.8%) in power.
Design of a Smart Meter for the Indian Energy ScenarioIJERA Editor
Accurate metering, detection of energy theft and implementation of proper tariff as well as billing system are vital in wise energy management. These objectives can be achieved by using Smart Meters. This article introduces a microcontroller based Smart Meter using wireless communication and LabVIEW suitable for the Indian Energy Scenario. The Smart Meter and Time Of Day (TOD) tariff pricing make the consumers an active part of energy management, thereby energy deficit during peak hours can be alleviated indirectly.
IoT Based Smart Energy Meter using Raspberry Pi and Arduino Bilal Amjad
This project, design and implemented a low-cost IoT based energy monitoring system (smart energy meter) for real-time monitoring of all electrical parameters i.e. AC voltage, AC current, active power, total energy consumption, power factor, frequency, and tariff. The design is based on a low-cost PZEM-004T, using a non-invasive Current Transformer
(CT) sensors, Arduino and Raspberry pi. Electrical measurements are done by PZEM-004T and CT sensors through Arduino. Raspberry pi communicates with Arduino through serial communication to retrieve these sensor’s data and send it to the server via internet. As a result, the developed energy monitoring system can successfully record the voltage, current, active power, power factor, frequency, accumulative power consumption and tariff. Consumers will be able to
see their electricity usage and the tariff according to the energy usage in real-time through web and mobile application. In case of any fault e.g., short circuit or power supply cut off, the consumer will receive a text message on his mobile number. Moreover, consumers will be able to receive the tariff on a weekly or monthly basis.
Importance of Measurements in Smart GridIJERD Editor
- The need to get reliable supply, independence from fossil fuels, and capability to provide clean
energy at a fixed and lower cost, the existing power grid structure is transforming into Smart Grid. The
development of a smart energy distribution grid is a current goal of many nations. A Smart Grid should have
new capabilities such as self-healing, high reliability, energy management, and real-time pricing. This new era
of smart future grid will lead to major changes in existing technologies at generation, transmission and
distribution levels. The incorporation of renewable energy resources and distribution generators in the existing
grid will increase the complexity, optimization problems and instability of the system. This will lead to a
paradigm shift in the instrumentation and control requirements for Smart Grids for high quality, stable and
reliable electricity supply of power. The monitoring of the grid system state and stability relies on the
availability of reliable measurement of data. In this paper the measurement areas that highlight new
measurement challenges, development of the Smart Meters and the critical parameters of electric energy to be
monitored for improving the reliability of power systems has been discussed.
Vision and Strategy for India’s Electricity Metering Infrastructure of the fu...IJERA Editor
In the country like India with over millions of kilometers of transmission lines and billions of consumers, task of
collecting information related to energy consumption of every consumer is a critical job. The meter reader has to
travel a long distance and take reading manually to collect the data. This reading is then feed in a central
database. Then the bill gets generated later with help of software. This project intends to reduce this tedious
work by automating the process of collecting data from consumer’s electricity meter. This would be done by
implementing Advanced Metering Infrastructure that unites all the various metering devices of a building in one
network and provides the metering data in real-time, locally and from remote. Here, AMI uses ZigBee to build
up high-rise building area network of connected metering devices.
Building the smart grid means integration of advanced information, communication and networking
technologies in the traditional electric grid to make it smarter and faster in making decisions. IoT platform
provides very high redundancy, virtually unlimited data storage and worldwide data access. Through the IoT,
consumers, manufacturers and utility providers will uncover new ways to manage devices and ultimately conserve
resources and save money by using smart meters, home gateways and connected appliances. In this paper, we
propose an architecture for monitoring power in smart grid applications using wireless sensor network (WSN)
technology embedded in an Internet of Things platform (IoT). The advantages of the proposed architecture are: 1)
it ensures privacy and provides secure access to data; 2) it enables users, service providers and application
developers to interact with the platform through user interfaces.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF IOT BASED SMART POWER MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT ...ijesajournal
ABSTRACT
We will design a system based on WSNs and IoT technologies to manage real-time power at buildings. This system comprises of: a wireless sensor network (sensing node and base station) and a smart home gateway. A sensing node is utilized wireless sensors to measure voltage and current; to calculate power consumption of connected appliances, transmitted wirelessly to a base station via Zigbee node. A base station is designed to receive all data transmitted from the sensing node and display it through GUI available at the personal computer, with the possibility of controlling ON and OFF appliances according to consumer requirements; All of these readings will be stored at database for analysis. In addition, a smart home gateway will connect the system with internet to allow consumers to continuous monitoring and remote control the appliances via a smartphone application. The benefit of this system, that the appliances control mechanism can be done in different ways (manually, automatically, and remotely). Various household appliances were tested to verify the accuracy of the electrical parameters that measured at system and compare them with practical measurement, found the average error ratio between them (0.3%) was in voltage, (1.5%) in current, and (1.8%) in power.
Due to availability of internet and evolution of embedded devices, Internet of things can be useful to contribute in energy domain. The Internet of Things (IoT) will deliver a smarter grid to enable more information and connectivity throughout the infrastructure and to homes. Through the IoT, consumers, manufacturers and utility providers will come across new ways to manage devices and ultimately conserve resources and save money by using smart meters, home gateways, smart plugs and connected appliances. The future smart home, various devices will be able to measure and share their energy consumption, and actively participate in house-wide or building wide energy management systems. This paper discusses the different approaches being taken worldwide to connect the smart grid. Full system solutions can be developed by combining hardware and software to address some of the challenges in building a smarter and more connected smart grid.
Peak load scheduling in smart grid using cloud computingjournalBEEI
In this paper present peak, energy management attainable is feasible by monitoring real-time readings of whole loads within the college premises victimization this schedule loads so energy saving is possible. Currently, cloud computing technology offer on-line real-time monitoring knowledge, we have a tendency to create project supported cloud computing application for energy management that is employed for monitoring real time consumption of electricity and load planning. With respect to monitoring knowledge, we have a tendency to be able to plot the load curves so it'll be useful in achieving optimum energy consumption for educational institute.
IoT Based Smart Energy Metering with Blynk Applicationijtsrd
The Internet of Things IoT is a rapidly growing technology that is changing the way we interact with the world around us. One application of IoT technology is the development of smart energy meter systems. This paper presents the design and implementation of an IoT based smart energy meter system that can monitor and track the energy consumption of households and businesses. The system is designed to be cost effective, easy to install, and user friendly. The system is also scalable, which means that it can be used in both small and large scale applications. Siddhesh Barkale | Parmeshawar Jadhav | Sanket Bagul | Shivnath Bhosale "IoT Based Smart Energy Metering with Blynk Application" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd55141.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/55141/iot-based-smart-energy-metering-with-blynk-application/siddhesh-barkale
Power Saving App Design Report- Group Projectssusera0a3b6
This design report focuses on two major aspects of the Smart City: Smart Environment and Smart Living, using electricity,
one of the most important energy sources in the urban environment, as the connecting link. Our line of inquiry is mock
App development, by some initial design ideas and operational strategies for a new smart App, harnesses urban data to achieve goals such as reducing energy waste, reducing environmental pollution, and promoting smart buildings.
A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Neural Network Techniques Used for Smart...ssuser793b4e
The recent developments in computational science and smart metering have led to a gradual replacement of the traditional load forecasting methods by artificial intelligent (AI) technology. The smart meters for residential buildings have become available on the market, and since then, various studies on load forecasting have been published. Contingency planning, load shedding, management strategies and commercialization strategies are all influenced by load forecasts. Predicting a lower load than the actual load results in utilities not committing the necessary generation units and therefore incurring higher costs due to the use of peak power plants; on the other hand, predicting a higher load than actual will result in higher costs because unnecessary baseline units are stated and not used . Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) provide an accurate approach to the problem of energy forecasting and have the advantage of not requiring the user to have a clear, understanding of the underlying mathematical relationship between input and output. The aim of this work is to a carry-out Comprehensive Review of Artificial Neural Network Techniques Used for Smart Meter-Embedded forecasting System.
Learn how IoT technology drives sustainable outcomes in energy consumption. Dive into the future of smart metering, paving the way for eco-conscious living and efficient energy management.
This is a complete automated solution for the existing energy distribution and monitoring system in
India,which can monitor the meter readings continuously and take necessary actions to maintain the power
grid stable. A Power Line Communication (PLC) based modem is integrated with each electronic energy
meter. Through PLC the meters communicate with the coordinator. Coordinator makes use of GPRS modem
to upload/download data to/from internet. A personal computer with an internet connection at the other end,
which contains the database acts as the billing point. Live meter reading sent back to this billing point
periodically and these details are updated in a central database. An interactive, user friendly graphical
interface is present at user end. All the energy logs, notices from the Government, billing details and average
statistics will be available here. The system splits the loads into critical loads and non critical loads. This
makes the distribution system more intelligent. More over prior information about the power cuts can be
done. We can easily implement many add-ons such as energy demand prediction, real time dynamic tariff as
a function of demand and supply and so on.
Similar to An IOT based smart metering development for energy management system (20)
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Developing a smart system for infant incubators using the internet of things ...IJECEIAES
This research is developing an incubator system that integrates the internet of things and artificial intelligence to improve care for premature babies. The system workflow starts with sensors that collect data from the incubator. Then, the data is sent in real-time to the internet of things (IoT) broker eclipse mosquito using the message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol version 5.0. After that, the data is stored in a database for analysis using the long short-term memory network (LSTM) method and displayed in a web application using an application programming interface (API) service. Furthermore, the experimental results produce as many as 2,880 rows of data stored in the database. The correlation coefficient between the target attribute and other attributes ranges from 0.23 to 0.48. Next, several experiments were conducted to evaluate the model-predicted value on the test data. The best results are obtained using a two-layer LSTM configuration model, each with 60 neurons and a lookback setting 6. This model produces an R 2 value of 0.934, with a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.015 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.008. In addition, the R 2 value was also evaluated for each attribute used as input, with a result of values between 0.590 and 0.845.
A review on internet of things-based stingless bee's honey production with im...IJECEIAES
Honey is produced exclusively by honeybees and stingless bees which both are well adapted to tropical and subtropical regions such as Malaysia. Stingless bees are known for producing small amounts of honey and are known for having a unique flavor profile. Problem identified that many stingless bees collapsed due to weather, temperature and environment. It is critical to understand the relationship between the production of stingless bee honey and environmental conditions to improve honey production. Thus, this paper presents a review on stingless bee's honey production and prediction modeling. About 54 previous research has been analyzed and compared in identifying the research gaps. A framework on modeling the prediction of stingless bee honey is derived. The result presents the comparison and analysis on the internet of things (IoT) monitoring systems, honey production estimation, convolution neural networks (CNNs), and automatic identification methods on bee species. It is identified based on image detection method the top best three efficiency presents CNN is at 98.67%, densely connected convolutional networks with YOLO v3 is 97.7%, and DenseNet201 convolutional networks 99.81%. This study is significant to assist the researcher in developing a model for predicting stingless honey produced by bee's output, which is important for a stable economy and food security.
A trust based secure access control using authentication mechanism for intero...IJECEIAES
The internet of things (IoT) is a revolutionary innovation in many aspects of our society including interactions, financial activity, and global security such as the military and battlefield internet. Due to the limited energy and processing capacity of network devices, security, energy consumption, compatibility, and device heterogeneity are the long-term IoT problems. As a result, energy and security are critical for data transmission across edge and IoT networks. Existing IoT interoperability techniques need more computation time, have unreliable authentication mechanisms that break easily, lose data easily, and have low confidentiality. In this paper, a key agreement protocol-based authentication mechanism for IoT devices is offered as a solution to this issue. This system makes use of information exchange, which must be secured to prevent access by unauthorized users. Using a compact contiki/cooja simulator, the performance and design of the suggested framework are validated. The simulation findings are evaluated based on detection of malicious nodes after 60 minutes of simulation. The suggested trust method, which is based on privacy access control, reduced packet loss ratio to 0.32%, consumed 0.39% power, and had the greatest average residual energy of 0.99 mJoules at 10 nodes.
Fuzzy linear programming with the intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbersIJECEIAES
In real world applications, data are subject to ambiguity due to several factors; fuzzy sets and fuzzy numbers propose a great tool to model such ambiguity. In case of hesitation, the complement of a membership value in fuzzy numbers can be different from the non-membership value, in which case we can model using intuitionistic fuzzy numbers as they provide flexibility by defining both a membership and a non-membership functions. In this article, we consider the intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem with intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbers, which is a generalization of the previous polygonal fuzzy numbers found in the literature. We present a modification of the simplex method that can be used to solve any general intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem after approximating the problem by an intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy number with n edges. This method is given in a simple tableau formulation, and then applied on numerical examples for clarity.
The performance of artificial intelligence in prostate magnetic resonance im...IJECEIAES
Prostate cancer is the predominant form of cancer observed in men worldwide. The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a guidance tool for conducting biopsies has been established as a reliable and well-established approach in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The diagnostic performance of MRI-guided prostate cancer diagnosis exhibits significant heterogeneity due to the intricate and multi-step nature of the diagnostic pathway. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) models, specifically through the utilization of machine learning techniques such as deep learning, is assuming an increasingly significant role in the field of radiology. In the realm of prostate MRI, a considerable body of literature has been dedicated to the development of various AI algorithms. These algorithms have been specifically designed for tasks such as prostate segmentation, lesion identification, and classification. The overarching objective of these endeavors is to enhance diagnostic performance and foster greater agreement among different observers within MRI scans for the prostate. This review article aims to provide a concise overview of the application of AI in the field of radiology, with a specific focus on its utilization in prostate MRI.
Seizure stage detection of epileptic seizure using convolutional neural networksIJECEIAES
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), seventy million individuals worldwide suffer from epilepsy, a neurological disorder. While electroencephalography (EEG) is crucial for diagnosing epilepsy and monitoring the brain activity of epilepsy patients, it requires a specialist to examine all EEG recordings to find epileptic behavior. This procedure needs an experienced doctor, and a precise epilepsy diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment. To identify epileptic seizures, this study employed a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on raw scalp EEG signals to discriminate between preictal, ictal, postictal, and interictal segments. The possibility of these characteristics is explored by examining how well timedomain signals work in the detection of epileptic signals using intracranial Freiburg Hospital (FH), scalp Children's Hospital Boston-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CHB-MIT) databases, and Temple University Hospital (TUH) EEG. To test the viability of this approach, two types of experiments were carried out. Firstly, binary class classification (preictal, ictal, postictal each versus interictal) and four-class classification (interictal versus preictal versus ictal versus postictal). The average accuracy for stage detection using CHB-MIT database was 84.4%, while the Freiburg database's time-domain signals had an accuracy of 79.7% and the highest accuracy of 94.02% for classification in the TUH EEG database when comparing interictal stage to preictal stage.
Analysis of driving style using self-organizing maps to analyze driver behaviorIJECEIAES
Modern life is strongly associated with the use of cars, but the increase in acceleration speeds and their maneuverability leads to a dangerous driving style for some drivers. In these conditions, the development of a method that allows you to track the behavior of the driver is relevant. The article provides an overview of existing methods and models for assessing the functioning of motor vehicles and driver behavior. Based on this, a combined algorithm for recognizing driving style is proposed. To do this, a set of input data was formed, including 20 descriptive features: About the environment, the driver's behavior and the characteristics of the functioning of the car, collected using OBD II. The generated data set is sent to the Kohonen network, where clustering is performed according to driving style and degree of danger. Getting the driving characteristics into a particular cluster allows you to switch to the private indicators of an individual driver and considering individual driving characteristics. The application of the method allows you to identify potentially dangerous driving styles that can prevent accidents.
Hyperspectral object classification using hybrid spectral-spatial fusion and ...IJECEIAES
Because of its spectral-spatial and temporal resolution of greater areas, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has found widespread application in the field of object classification. The HSI is typically used to accurately determine an object's physical characteristics as well as to locate related objects with appropriate spectral fingerprints. As a result, the HSI has been extensively applied to object identification in several fields, including surveillance, agricultural monitoring, environmental research, and precision agriculture. However, because of their enormous size, objects require a lot of time to classify; for this reason, both spectral and spatial feature fusion have been completed. The existing classification strategy leads to increased misclassification, and the feature fusion method is unable to preserve semantic object inherent features; This study addresses the research difficulties by introducing a hybrid spectral-spatial fusion (HSSF) technique to minimize feature size while maintaining object intrinsic qualities; Lastly, a soft-margins kernel is proposed for multi-layer deep support vector machine (MLDSVM) to reduce misclassification. The standard Indian pines dataset is used for the experiment, and the outcome demonstrates that the HSSF-MLDSVM model performs substantially better in terms of accuracy and Kappa coefficient.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
2. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 9, No. 4, August 2019 : 3041 - 3050
3042
usually higher and hence not possible to develop an energy management system. In this work, an IoT based
real time energy measurement and actuating framework is proposed and can be easily integrated with home
monitoring systems. The cloud based home automation development is inspired by the necessity to monitor
and control the home remotely in an affordable way. The direction of this work is intended towards a private
cloud setup managed by the user. This will help the user from feeling an invasion of privacy unlike when a
third party is monitoring their house for them. It can read inputs from multiple sensors in multiple rooms of
the house via RF and has a base node that is able to connect to multiple relays for controlling major
appliances of the home Since it is connected to the cloud, it can be accessed from anywhere in the world as
long as internet is available in some form. Real time monitoring system has been developed under Smart Grid
Environment, presents a low cost, monitoring system that can be used for quick and accurate smart grid is
also able to monitor various power system parameters. It involves measuring the voltage and current
waveforms in real time and the detection of the power system disturbances during operation [12]. It provides
a dedicated utility communication in cellular network which guarantee high quality for low cost maintenance,
reliability with reduced operational cost and strong security is studied in [13]. The combined natural
surroundings of Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) brings more than a few benefits over
traditional wired industrial monitoring and control systems, as well as self-organization, quick sending,
adaptability, and characteristic intelligent-processing ability. Here ISWN have important role in making a
highly reliable and self-healing industrial system that quickly reacts to real-time actions with suitable
activities [8]. To provide effective solutions for a variety of regions together with customer electronic device
control, energy management and good organization, home and commercial building automation as well as
managing industrial plant. For smart home and energy control production a design of a multi-sensing, heating
and air-conditioning system and actuation application - the residential users and sensor based network smart
light control system are needed [14, 15].
2. PROPOSED SYSTEM
A smart meter is an electronic appliance to report utilization of electrical energy in interval of one
period or less to communicate that data on a daily basis for monitoring and billing. Smart energy meter
enables bi-directional communication between the meter and the monitoring system that is represented as
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Conservative Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) differs from
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and permits a two-way communications with in meter. The lab
view based proposed system is shown in Figure 1. Price/unit will be increased or decreased according to
general hours, peak hours and demand requirement given by electricity board. The electrical consumption
power can be increased or decreased. An electric device consists of power rating for different loads and is
given to second and hour calculation logic block through interfacing bus. On and off time period for each
load will be displayed in Second and hour calculation logic block. The power consumed for all loads will
be displayed in the total power consumption block.Electric bill for all loads will be displayed in the total
electric bill calculation. By using debit card system we can access the information. Home appliances are
shown in Figure 2. According to turn ON/OFF load of smart home individual load will be calculated.
Depends upon load turn ON/OFF power will be increased or decreased and according to that total unit will be
formulate. The total will be increased according to the load consumption.
Figure 1. Smart energy meter in labview simulation
3. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
An IOT based smart metering development for energy management system (S. G. Priyadharshini)
3043
Figure 2. Energy monitoring system
AMI is an incorporated system of smart meter, communication network and management of
data. Information administration in the AMI framework empowers the two-path correspondence among
utilities and Customers.AMI gives continuous information to consumer to monitor consumption of
energy. Smart energy meter screens and stores the information of utilization of energy. By using the AMI
initiative, the vitality supervision can be acquired data from sensor for a specific building to specific
location. Acquired data will be transmitted through the Wi-Fi module to the server. Individual load
information will be communicated through smart meter by network protocol. All the information can be
monitored in remotely and it can be utilized according to schedule pattern manner in smart building.
2.1. Web server
The Web server is move to a proposed system association to neighborhoods Personal Computers
that works as a server and offers observing and control of energy practice to fascinated clients. It utilizes a
basic PHP improvement condition and SQL as a database. This can be utilizes to store the power information
in the database. A Wifi module can be used to convert the basic HTTP and is used for communication among
server. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the network application enables clients to include or expel
the device. Appliances can be turned ON/OFF by clients in remote manner. Controlling the client's energy
usage by network applications is intended to screen. The client includes a device utilizing its MAC address
which is put away in the database against client's ID and begins to speak with the server consequently.
The output for table creation utilizing HTML is given in Figure 3. The site comprises of login page and a
home page and data’s are embedded to the database to each 10 Secs.
Figure 3. Login page
2.2. Data security
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a regular precautions novelty for building up a programmed interface
between a server and a client—typicaly a web server (site). A server can mail information to through server
customer SSL grants delicate information, for instance MasterCard numbers, government handicap numbers,
and login accreditation to transmit unharmed. The process flow and structure of data security system is
4. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 9, No. 4, August 2019 : 3041 - 3050
3044
shown in Figure 4. The SSL tradition has dependably been used to encore and secure transmitted data. SSL
endorsement has a key match with an open private key. The confirmation similarly contains what is known as
the “subject” what is the activities of the endorsement/site proprietor.
Figure 4. Data security system
3. PROPOSED IOT BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The system allows alertness to be set for consumption levels above and below “user set trigger
levels” and to forecast future energy use. To measure bidirectional flow of energy to enable customers
participate in energy management and to perform occupancy detection algorithm to automatically on/off
the appliances when not in use. To categorize the loads into levels and perform load shedding in peak hours
and hence loads to effective energy management and to allow the system operator to control the appliances
remotely by accessing through IOT in case of peak load shaving and power quality issues. IOT plays a vital
role in smart buildings energy optimization and next generation building management system. The system
has to provide remote control and monitoring by means of few communication protocols. The loads in
the building need to be categorized as low, medium and heavy loads. The structure of advance meter
technology is represented in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Advanced metering infrastructure
5. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
An IOT based smart metering development for energy management system (S. G. Priyadharshini)
3045
The smart meter developed will measure the electrical parameters in three streams providing
separate information about the different types of loads. The data visualization and the data log carried out
will provide information to the operator to take suitable actions in case of emergencies and power quality
issues. Suitable occupancy prediction algorithm need to be performed based on intelligent methods for
accurate prediction of occupants in room. The system operator is also provided remote control of appliances
through IOT platform. The proposed hardware structure is shown in Figure 6. In this proposed system data
can be communicated through wired or wireless communication technology. To using a raspberry pi
processor a information from sensor will be stored according to the load will be Turn on/off developed in a
program. By turn ON/OFF different methodology of various loads present in smart home to using IOT
platform. Load data can be displayed in web page.
Figure 6. Hardware architecture
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1. Simulation platform
In this paper smart meter is developed in LabVIEW platform. Power and energy waveform is
measured. Energy and power measurement is shown in Figure 7. Input current and/voltage three phase
waveform is generated and it is fed to filter circuit section. In filter section noise will be removed from
waveform generation. It will be fed to power and energy calculation for fundamental vector analysis and
it is fed to power spectrum analysis. In this system output issampled according to load consumption.
It will be given to star to delta or delta to star module for utilizations for single phase or three phase
power fed to loads.
Figure 7. Advanced metering infrastructure
The simulation developed in Lab view is shown in Figure 8 performs power measurement,
one-cycle power measurement, and signaling measurement. A power value calculates power value from
voltage and current spectra.This simulation proceeds apparent power, active power, reactive power and
power factor. Voltage and current waveform for Energy and power measurement in lab view is shown in
Figure 9. Power values will be considered and formulated according to true power, apparent power, active
power and reactive power. The calculated active and reactive power values will be fed to be considered for
energy consumption values are shown in Figure 10.
6. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 9, No. 4, August 2019 : 3041 - 3050
3046
Figure 8. Labview simulation
Figure 9. Voltage and current waveform
7. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
An IOT based smart metering development for energy management system (S. G. Priyadharshini)
3047
Figure 10. Monitoring platform
4.2. Simulation platform
The different type of loads used for energy monitoring is given in table. Integrated system will
communicate between the smart meter and Energy scheduling will be informed to the consumer according to
the real time energy usage.Individual data will be measured and communicated through raspberry pi
developed. Smart energy will be monitored in remotely and tracked continuously.Smart energy meter system
is shown in Figure 11.
Figure 11. Smart energy meter
In this energy meter read data of loads. Current transformer is used to measure load current and
Potential transformer is used to measure the voltage. Raspberry pi has a implicated wi-fi module, ADC and
low power consumption.Data of load can be displayed in webpage. The flow chart for the working of smart
metering is shown in figure 12. Individual IP address are created for loads. Circuit will be operated
depending upon the increase or decrease in loads and corresponding voltage, current and power will be
monitored in webpage as well as energy meter.
8. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 9, No. 4, August 2019 : 3041 - 3050
3048
Figure 12. Flowchart for hardware Set up
The setup of Smart Energy Monitoring System is developed in a Lab in the Electrical and
Electronics department. Power rating of loads is given in Table 1. For Experimental studies, loads are
connected in different combinations as given in Table 2. The load for the different cases are represented in
Table 3.
Table 1. Capacity of loads
LOAD POWER RATING
Fan 50 Watts
Lamp-1 36 Watts
Lamp-2 18 Watts
Table 2. Types of loads
CASES DESCRIPTION
1 Fan
2 Lamp type 1
3 Fan+Lamp Type 1+Lamp Type 2
4 3 Fan+2 Lamp Type 1
5 2 Fan+Lamp Type 2
6 Fan+Lamp Type 1+Lamp Type 2
Table 3. Load study
Case Voltage
Current
Actual
Display Absolute Power Actual Display Error
1 230 0.2 0.17 0.03 50 40 -10
2 230 0.15 0.14 0.01 36 33 -31
3 230 0.45 0.56 0.11 104 129 25
4 230 0.96 1.06 0.1 222 244 22
5 230 0.51 0.61 0.1 118 141 23
6 230 0.45 0.56 0.11 104 129 25
6+5 230 0.96 1.03 0.07 222 237 15
5+4 230 1.47 1.56 0.09 340 359 -1
5+4+6 230 1.33 1.96 0.03 444 450 6
5+4+3 230 1.93 2.08 0.15 444 479 33
5+4+3+2 230 2.08 2.11 0.03 480 480 6
5+3+2 230 1.12 1.35 0.23 258 302 -44
5+3+2+1 230 1.55 1.47 0.08 358 338 20
1+2+3+4+5 230 2.75 2.66 0.09 634 612 17
9. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
An IOT based smart metering development for energy management system (S. G. Priyadharshini)
3049
The load curve for the test case is shown in Figure 13. According to increase or decrease loads
with different time interval are plotted in graph as shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15. According to all
loads are increase or decrease plotted a graph for energy pattern.
Figure 13. Load curve Figure 14. Load profile
4.3. Data loss
Losses occur once in single or further package of information travelling crosswise a comparator
system is unsuccessful to attain their target. The load data for the study is given in the Table 4. Packet loss is
measured as a percentage of packets that are missed with esteem to send packets. Packet loss is detected
through application protocols system administrator needs to detect and diagnose packet loss. For testing this
ping command is used.
Figure 15. Data loss
Table 4. Data loss study
PARAMETER RESULT
Size of data 32 Bytes
Packets sent 4
Packets received 4
Minimum round trip time 115 ms
Maximum round trip time 143 ms
Average round trip time 129 ms
5. CONCLUSION
Different types of loads are categorized as medium loads, heavy loads and light loads. Sense
overcurrent and switch the medium loads like fans and lights to batteries powered by solar module (low
rating enough).Wireless transmission of data between smart meter and server system, fast communication
without any data packet loss. All data’s are monitored in data logs and storage in the server. Graphical
monitoring of the real power, reactive power, power factor, power quality, current, voltage and system
states. Development of web page and load scheduling through IOT platform by remote monitoring.
10. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 9, No. 4, August 2019 : 3041 - 3050
3050
REFERENCES
[1] L. Suganthi and A. A. Samuel, “Energy models for demand forecasting—A review,” Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews, vol. 16, pp. 1223-1240, 2012.
[2] H. A. Khan and S. Pervaiz, “Technological review on solar PV in Pakistan: Scope, Practice andRecommendation
for Optimized system design.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 23, pp. 147-154, 2013.
[3] S. M. Amin and B. F. Wollenberg, “Toward a smart grid: power delivery for the 21st century,” IEEE Power and
Energy Magazine, vol. 3, pp. 34-41, 2005.
[4] A. M. Vega, et al., “Modelling for home electric energy management: a review,” Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews, vol. 52, pp. 948-959, 2015.
[5] M. Zeifman and K. Roth, “Nonintrusive Appliance Load Monitoring: Review and outlook,” IEEE Transactions on
Consumer Electronics, vol/issue: 57(1), 2011.
[6] F. Benzi, et al., “Electricity smart meters interfacing the households,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,
vol/issue: 58(10), pp. 4487-4494, 2011.
[7] S. Usha, et al., “Performance analysis of H-bridge and T-bridge multilevel inverter for harmonics reduction,”
International journal of power electronics and drive systems (IJPEDS), vol. 9, pp. 231-239, 2018.
[8] Y. T. Chae, et al., “Building energy performance evaluation of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) window
with semi-transparent solar cells,” Applied Energy, vol. 129, pp. 217-227, 2014.
[9] K. Dhineshkumar, et al., “Performance analysis of pv powered multilevel inverter,” International journal of
electrical and computer engineering (IJECE), vol/issue: 9(2), pp. 735-760, 2019.
[10] X. P. Liu, et al., “Guest Editorial introduction to the Focused Section on Wireless Mechatronics,” IEEE/ASME
Transactions on mechatronics, vol/issue: 17(3), pp. 397-403, 2012.
[11] D. M. Han and J. H. Lim, “Smart home energy management system using IEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee,” IEEE
Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol/issue: 56(3), pp. 1403-1410, 2010.
[12] G. Prakash and C. Subramani, “Space vector and sinusoidal pulse width modulation of quasi Z-source inverter for
photovoltaic system,” International journal of power electronics and drive system (IJPEDS), vol/issue: 7(3), pp.
601-609, 2016.
[13] W. Granzer, et al., “Security in building automation systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol/issue: 57(11), pp.
3622-3630, 2010.
[14] N. K. Suryadevara, et al., “WSN- Based Smart sensors and Actuator for Power Management in Intelligent
Buildings,” IEEE/ASME transactionson Mechatronics, vol. 2, pp. 564-571, 2015.
[15] S. H. Park, et al., “Interoperability model for devices over heterogenous home networks,” IEEE Trans. Consum.
Electron., vol/issue: 55(3), pp. 1185-1191, 2009.