An Arrhenius acid is a substance that when added to water increases the
concentration of H1+ ions. An Arrhenius base is is a substance that when added to water
increases the concentration of OH1- ions. A Bronsted acid is a substance that can donate a
hydrogen ion. A Bronsted base is a substance that can accept a hydrogen ion. A Lewis acid
accepts lone pair electrons. A Lew base donates lone pair electrons.
Solution
An Arrhenius acid is a substance that when added to water increases the
concentration of H1+ ions. An Arrhenius base is is a substance that when added to water
increases the concentration of OH1- ions. A Bronsted acid is a substance that can donate a
hydrogen ion. A Bronsted base is a substance that can accept a hydrogen ion. A Lewis acid
accepts lone pair electrons. A Lew base donates lone pair electrons..
An Arrhenius acid produces H+ ions insolutionA Bronsted-Lowry acid.pdfaquacosmossystems
An Arrhenius acid produces H+ ions insolution
A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a protoon donor.
A Lewis base is an eelectron pair donor.
Water could behave as an Arrhenius acid, Bronsted-Lowryacid, and a Lewis base.
Water acting as an arrhenius acid: Water acts as asArrhenius acid as it is capable of producing
protons insolution.
H2O (l) H+ (aq) + OH-(aq)
Water acting as a Bronsted-Lowry acid: Water acts as aBronsted-Lowry acid as it can donate H+
to a base.
H2O (l) + NH3 (aq) NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
Water acting as a Lewis base: Water acts as a Lewis baseas it can donate the lone pair of
electrons present on the Oxygenatom.
Al+3 (aq) + H2O (l) Al(H2O)6+3 (aq)
Solution
An Arrhenius acid produces H+ ions insolution
A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a protoon donor.
A Lewis base is an eelectron pair donor.
Water could behave as an Arrhenius acid, Bronsted-Lowryacid, and a Lewis base.
Water acting as an arrhenius acid: Water acts as asArrhenius acid as it is capable of producing
protons insolution.
H2O (l) H+ (aq) + OH-(aq)
Water acting as a Bronsted-Lowry acid: Water acts as aBronsted-Lowry acid as it can donate H+
to a base.
H2O (l) + NH3 (aq) NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
Water acting as a Lewis base: Water acts as a Lewis baseas it can donate the lone pair of
electrons present on the Oxygenatom.
Al+3 (aq) + H2O (l) Al(H2O)6+3 (aq).
An Arrhenius acid produces H+ ions insolutionA Bronsted-Lowry acid.pdfaquacosmossystems
An Arrhenius acid produces H+ ions insolution
A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a protoon donor.
A Lewis base is an eelectron pair donor.
Water could behave as an Arrhenius acid, Bronsted-Lowryacid, and a Lewis base.
Water acting as an arrhenius acid: Water acts as asArrhenius acid as it is capable of producing
protons insolution.
H2O (l) H+ (aq) + OH-(aq)
Water acting as a Bronsted-Lowry acid: Water acts as aBronsted-Lowry acid as it can donate H+
to a base.
H2O (l) + NH3 (aq) NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
Water acting as a Lewis base: Water acts as a Lewis baseas it can donate the lone pair of
electrons present on the Oxygenatom.
Al+3 (aq) + H2O (l) Al(H2O)6+3 (aq)
Solution
An Arrhenius acid produces H+ ions insolution
A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a protoon donor.
A Lewis base is an eelectron pair donor.
Water could behave as an Arrhenius acid, Bronsted-Lowryacid, and a Lewis base.
Water acting as an arrhenius acid: Water acts as asArrhenius acid as it is capable of producing
protons insolution.
H2O (l) H+ (aq) + OH-(aq)
Water acting as a Bronsted-Lowry acid: Water acts as aBronsted-Lowry acid as it can donate H+
to a base.
H2O (l) + NH3 (aq) NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
Water acting as a Lewis base: Water acts as a Lewis baseas it can donate the lone pair of
electrons present on the Oxygenatom.
Al+3 (aq) + H2O (l) Al(H2O)6+3 (aq).
In chemistry, acids and bases have been defined differently by three sets of theories. One is the Arrhenius definition, which revolves around the idea that acids are substances that ionize (break off) in an aqueous solution to produce hydrogen (H+) ions while bases produce hydroxide (OH-) ions in solution.
a Happy Times Debt value 130 YTM 10.00 Mark.pdfaswrd
a Happy Times Debt value 130 YTM 10.00% Market Cap 350.00 Return on
equity 15% Joe\'s Debt 30.00 EBIT 17.00 Year 1.00 2 3 4 5
EBIT(Growth rate 7%) 17.00 18.19 19.46 20.83 22.28 Terminal value 233.98 Terminal
value is calculated using the formula - Year 5 Cash flow*(1+Growth rate)/(ROE-Growth rate)
Net working capital(6% of EBIT) 1.02 1.09 1.17 1.25 1.34 Capex(12% of EBIT) 2.04 2.18
2.34 2.50 2.67 Depreciation(5% of EBIT) 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.04 1.11 Profit before tax(EBIT-
Depreciation) 16.15 17.28 18.49 19.78 255.15 Tax 5.65 6.05 6.47 6.92 89.30 PAT 10.50
11.23 12.02 12.86 165.85 Net cash flow 8.29 8.87 9.49 10.15 162.95 PV of Cash flows
106.97 Market value of debt 30 EV of Joe 136.97 Shares outstanding 2.3
Maximum share price 59.55 (EV/Shares outstanding) b Year 1.00 2 3 4 5
EBIT(Growth rate 7%) 17.00 18.19 19.46 20.83 22.28 Terminal value (Using EV/EBIDTA of
9) 210.58 Terminal value is calculated using the formula - Year 5 Cash flow*(1+Growth
rate)/(ROE-Growth rate) Net working capital(6% of EBIT) 1.02 1.09 1.17 1.25 1.34
Capex(12% of EBIT) 2.04 2.18 2.34 2.50 2.67 Depreciation(5% of EBIT) 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.04
1.11 Profit before tax(EBIT-Depreciation) 16.15 17.28 18.49 19.78 231.75 Tax 5.65 6.05
6.47 6.92 81.11 PAT 10.50 11.23 12.02 12.86 150.64 Net cash flow 8.29 8.87 9.49 10.15
147.74 PV of Cash flows 99.41 Market value of debt 30 EV of Joe 129.41 Shares
outstanding 2.3 Maximum share price 56.26 (EV/Shares outstanding)
Solution
a Happy Times Debt value 130 YTM 10.00% Market Cap 350.00 Return on
equity 15% Joe\'s Debt 30.00 EBIT 17.00 Year 1.00 2 3 4 5
EBIT(Growth rate 7%) 17.00 18.19 19.46 20.83 22.28 Terminal value 233.98 Terminal
value is calculated using the formula - Year 5 Cash flow*(1+Growth rate)/(ROE-Growth rate)
Net working capital(6% of EBIT) 1.02 1.09 1.17 1.25 1.34 Capex(12% of EBIT) 2.04 2.18
2.34 2.50 2.67 Depreciation(5% of EBIT) 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.04 1.11 Profit before tax(EBIT-
Depreciation) 16.15 17.28 18.49 19.78 255.15 Tax 5.65 6.05 6.47 6.92 89.30 PAT 10.50
11.23 12.02 12.86 165.85 Net cash flow 8.29 8.87 9.49 10.15 162.95 PV of Cash flows
106.97 Market value of debt 30 EV of Joe 136.97 Shares outstanding 2.3
Maximum share price 59.55 (EV/Shares outstanding) b Year 1.00 2 3 4 5
EBIT(Growth rate 7%) 17.00 18.19 19.46 20.83 22.28 Terminal value (Using EV/EBIDTA of
9) 210.58 Terminal value is calculated using the formula - Year 5 Cash flow*(1+Growth
rate)/(ROE-Growth rate) Net working capital(6% of EBIT) 1.02 1.09 1.17 1.25 1.34
Capex(12% of EBIT) 2.04 2.18 2.34 2.50 2.67 Depreciation(5% of EBIT) 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.04
1.11 Profit before tax(EBIT-Depreciation) 16.15 17.28 18.49 19.78 231.75 Tax 5.65 6.05
6.47 6.92 81.11 PAT 10.50 11.23 12.02 12.86 150.64 Net cash flow 8.29 8.87 9.49 10.15
147.74 PV of Cash flows 99.41 Market value of debt 30 EV of Joe 129.41 Shares
outstanding 2.3 Maximum share price 56.26 (EV/Shares outstanding).
More Related Content
Similar to An Arrhenius acid is a substance that when added .pdf
In chemistry, acids and bases have been defined differently by three sets of theories. One is the Arrhenius definition, which revolves around the idea that acids are substances that ionize (break off) in an aqueous solution to produce hydrogen (H+) ions while bases produce hydroxide (OH-) ions in solution.
a Happy Times Debt value 130 YTM 10.00 Mark.pdfaswrd
a Happy Times Debt value 130 YTM 10.00% Market Cap 350.00 Return on
equity 15% Joe\'s Debt 30.00 EBIT 17.00 Year 1.00 2 3 4 5
EBIT(Growth rate 7%) 17.00 18.19 19.46 20.83 22.28 Terminal value 233.98 Terminal
value is calculated using the formula - Year 5 Cash flow*(1+Growth rate)/(ROE-Growth rate)
Net working capital(6% of EBIT) 1.02 1.09 1.17 1.25 1.34 Capex(12% of EBIT) 2.04 2.18
2.34 2.50 2.67 Depreciation(5% of EBIT) 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.04 1.11 Profit before tax(EBIT-
Depreciation) 16.15 17.28 18.49 19.78 255.15 Tax 5.65 6.05 6.47 6.92 89.30 PAT 10.50
11.23 12.02 12.86 165.85 Net cash flow 8.29 8.87 9.49 10.15 162.95 PV of Cash flows
106.97 Market value of debt 30 EV of Joe 136.97 Shares outstanding 2.3
Maximum share price 59.55 (EV/Shares outstanding) b Year 1.00 2 3 4 5
EBIT(Growth rate 7%) 17.00 18.19 19.46 20.83 22.28 Terminal value (Using EV/EBIDTA of
9) 210.58 Terminal value is calculated using the formula - Year 5 Cash flow*(1+Growth
rate)/(ROE-Growth rate) Net working capital(6% of EBIT) 1.02 1.09 1.17 1.25 1.34
Capex(12% of EBIT) 2.04 2.18 2.34 2.50 2.67 Depreciation(5% of EBIT) 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.04
1.11 Profit before tax(EBIT-Depreciation) 16.15 17.28 18.49 19.78 231.75 Tax 5.65 6.05
6.47 6.92 81.11 PAT 10.50 11.23 12.02 12.86 150.64 Net cash flow 8.29 8.87 9.49 10.15
147.74 PV of Cash flows 99.41 Market value of debt 30 EV of Joe 129.41 Shares
outstanding 2.3 Maximum share price 56.26 (EV/Shares outstanding)
Solution
a Happy Times Debt value 130 YTM 10.00% Market Cap 350.00 Return on
equity 15% Joe\'s Debt 30.00 EBIT 17.00 Year 1.00 2 3 4 5
EBIT(Growth rate 7%) 17.00 18.19 19.46 20.83 22.28 Terminal value 233.98 Terminal
value is calculated using the formula - Year 5 Cash flow*(1+Growth rate)/(ROE-Growth rate)
Net working capital(6% of EBIT) 1.02 1.09 1.17 1.25 1.34 Capex(12% of EBIT) 2.04 2.18
2.34 2.50 2.67 Depreciation(5% of EBIT) 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.04 1.11 Profit before tax(EBIT-
Depreciation) 16.15 17.28 18.49 19.78 255.15 Tax 5.65 6.05 6.47 6.92 89.30 PAT 10.50
11.23 12.02 12.86 165.85 Net cash flow 8.29 8.87 9.49 10.15 162.95 PV of Cash flows
106.97 Market value of debt 30 EV of Joe 136.97 Shares outstanding 2.3
Maximum share price 59.55 (EV/Shares outstanding) b Year 1.00 2 3 4 5
EBIT(Growth rate 7%) 17.00 18.19 19.46 20.83 22.28 Terminal value (Using EV/EBIDTA of
9) 210.58 Terminal value is calculated using the formula - Year 5 Cash flow*(1+Growth
rate)/(ROE-Growth rate) Net working capital(6% of EBIT) 1.02 1.09 1.17 1.25 1.34
Capex(12% of EBIT) 2.04 2.18 2.34 2.50 2.67 Depreciation(5% of EBIT) 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.04
1.11 Profit before tax(EBIT-Depreciation) 16.15 17.28 18.49 19.78 231.75 Tax 5.65 6.05
6.47 6.92 81.11 PAT 10.50 11.23 12.02 12.86 150.64 Net cash flow 8.29 8.87 9.49 10.15
147.74 PV of Cash flows 99.41 Market value of debt 30 EV of Joe 129.41 Shares
outstanding 2.3 Maximum share price 56.26 (EV/Shares outstanding).
OH is a poor leaving group, so it first has toget.pdfaswrd
OH is a poor leaving group, so it first has toget hydrogenated (become OH2 +).
Also, it is highly encumbered withthe 2,2 dimethyl group.
Solution
OH is a poor leaving group, so it first has toget hydrogenated (become OH2 +).
Also, it is highly encumbered withthe 2,2 dimethyl group..
Hydrophobic molecules tend to be non-polar and, t.pdfaswrd
Hydrophobic molecules tend to be non-polar and, thus, prefer other neutral
molecules and non-polar solvents. Hydrophobic molecules in water often cluster
Solution
Hydrophobic molecules tend to be non-polar and, thus, prefer other neutral
molecules and non-polar solvents. Hydrophobic molecules in water often cluster.
There are two types of atomic bonds - ionic bonds and covalent bonds.pdfaswrd
There are two types of atomic bonds - ionic bonds and covalent bonds. They differ in their
structure and properties. Covalent bonds consist of pairs of electrons shared by two atoms, and
bind the atoms in a fixed orientation. Relatively high energies are required to break them (50 -
200 kcal/mol). Whether two atoms can form a covalent bond depends upon their
electronegativity i.e. the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself. If two
atoms differ considerably in their electronegativity - as sodium and chloride do - then one of the
atoms will lose its electron to the other atom. This results in a positively charged ion (cation) and
negatively charged ion (anion). The bond between these two ions is called an ionic bond.
Covalent BondsIonic Bonds
Polarity:LowHigh
Formation:A covalent bond is formed between two non-metals that have similar
electronegativities. Neither atom is \"strong\" enough to attract electrons from the other. For
stabilization, they share their electrons from outer molecular orbit with othersAn ionic bond is
formed between a metal and a non-metal. Non-metals(-ve ion) are \"stronger\" than the
metal(+ve ion) and can get electrons very easily from the metal. These two opposite ions attract
each other and form the ionic bond.
Shape:Definite shapeNo definite shape
What is it?:Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding between two non metallic atoms
which is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms and other covalent
bonds.Ionic bond, also known as electrovalent bond is a type of bond formed from the
electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. These kinds of
bonds occur mainly between a metallic and a non metallic atom.
Melting point:lowHigh
Examples:Methane (CH4), Hydro Chloric acid (HCl)Sodium chloride (NaCl), Sulphuric Acid
(H2SO4 )
Occurs between:Two non-metalsOne metal and one non-metal
Boiling point:LowHigh
State at room temperature:Liquid or gaseousSolid
Ability to conduct electricity in molten/aqueous state:
Yes
Ability to conduct electricity in solid state:
Solution
There are two types of atomic bonds - ionic bonds and covalent bonds. They differ in their
structure and properties. Covalent bonds consist of pairs of electrons shared by two atoms, and
bind the atoms in a fixed orientation. Relatively high energies are required to break them (50 -
200 kcal/mol). Whether two atoms can form a covalent bond depends upon their
electronegativity i.e. the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself. If two
atoms differ considerably in their electronegativity - as sodium and chloride do - then one of the
atoms will lose its electron to the other atom. This results in a positively charged ion (cation) and
negatively charged ion (anion). The bond between these two ions is called an ionic bond.
Covalent BondsIonic Bonds
Polarity:LowHigh
Formation:A covalent bond is formed between two non-metals that have similar
electronegativities. .
Showing a truth table that has the four motion sensors as inputs and.pdfaswrd
Showing a truth table that has the four motion sensors as inputs and an alarm trigger as the
output when at least two motion sensors are activated at the same time.
Sensor1
Sensor1
Sensor1
Sensor1
Output
1
F
F
F
F
F
2
F
F
F
T
F
3
F
F
T
F
F
4
F
F
T
T
T
5
F
T
F
F
F
6
F
T
F
T
T
7
F
T
T
F
T
8
F
T
T
T
T
9
T
F
F
F
F
10
T
F
F
T
T
11
T
F
T
F
T
12
T
F
T
T
T
13
T
T
F
F
T
14
T
T
F
T
T
15
T
T
T
F
T
16
T
T
T
T
T
Sensor1
Sensor1
Sensor1
Sensor1
Output
1
F
F
F
F
F
2
F
F
F
T
F
3
F
F
T
F
F
4
F
F
T
T
T
5
F
T
F
F
F
6
F
T
F
T
T
7
F
T
T
F
T
8
F
T
T
T
T
9
T
F
F
F
F
10
T
F
F
T
T
11
T
F
T
F
T
12
T
F
T
T
T
13
T
T
F
F
T
14
T
T
F
T
T
15
T
T
T
F
T
16
T
T
T
T
T
Solution
Showing a truth table that has the four motion sensors as inputs and an alarm trigger as the
output when at least two motion sensors are activated at the same time.
Sensor1
Sensor1
Sensor1
Sensor1
Output
1
F
F
F
F
F
2
F
F
F
T
F
3
F
F
T
F
F
4
F
F
T
T
T
5
F
T
F
F
F
6
F
T
F
T
T
7
F
T
T
F
T
8
F
T
T
T
T
9
T
F
F
F
F
10
T
F
F
T
T
11
T
F
T
F
T
12
T
F
T
T
T
13
T
T
F
F
T
14
T
T
F
T
T
15
T
T
T
F
T
16
T
T
T
T
T
Sensor1
Sensor1
Sensor1
Sensor1
Output
1
F
F
F
F
F
2
F
F
F
T
F
3
F
F
T
F
F
4
F
F
T
T
T
5
F
T
F
F
F
6
F
T
F
T
T
7
F
T
T
F
T
8
F
T
T
T
T
9
T
F
F
F
F
10
T
F
F
T
T
11
T
F
T
F
T
12
T
F
T
T
T
13
T
T
F
F
T
14
T
T
F
T
T
15
T
T
T
F
T
16
T
T
T
T
T.
Probability of obtaining six =p= 15Probability of not obtaining s.pdfaswrd
Probability of obtaining six =p= 1/5
Probability of not obtaining six=q=1- 1/5=4/5
number of throughs= n= 5
probability of obtaing at least one six =1-prbability of obtaing no six
[=1-(4/5)^5]
[=.67232]
probability of obtaing exactly three six= [^5C_3(1/5)^3(4/5)^2]
[=10xx(16/3125)=.0512]
Note use binomial dstribution t calculate probability.
Solution
Probability of obtaining six =p= 1/5
Probability of not obtaining six=q=1- 1/5=4/5
number of throughs= n= 5
probability of obtaing at least one six =1-prbability of obtaing no six
[=1-(4/5)^5]
[=.67232]
probability of obtaing exactly three six= [^5C_3(1/5)^3(4/5)^2]
[=10xx(16/3125)=.0512]
Note use binomial dstribution t calculate probability..
Reaction 1 is a redox reaction. Na is oxidized while Cl is reduced..pdfaswrd
Reaction 1 is a redox reaction. Na is oxidized while Cl is reduced.
Reaction 2 is also a redox reaction. In KClO3, Cl is in oxidation state Cl5+ and O is O2-. When
it decomposes, Cl is reduced to Cl- while O is oxidized to O2.
Reaction 3 is a neutralization reaction. An acid plus a base produces a salt plus water.
Solution
Reaction 1 is a redox reaction. Na is oxidized while Cl is reduced.
Reaction 2 is also a redox reaction. In KClO3, Cl is in oxidation state Cl5+ and O is O2-. When
it decomposes, Cl is reduced to Cl- while O is oxidized to O2.
Reaction 3 is a neutralization reaction. An acid plus a base produces a salt plus water..
Natalie is suffering form a disease called Cystic fibrosis. It is an.pdfaswrd
Natalie is suffering form a disease called Cystic fibrosis. It is an genetic condition in which the
lungs and the digestive system become clogged with sticky mucus. Symptoms usually starts in
early childhood. The main symptoms include:
Advice:
Solution
Natalie is suffering form a disease called Cystic fibrosis. It is an genetic condition in which the
lungs and the digestive system become clogged with sticky mucus. Symptoms usually starts in
early childhood. The main symptoms include:
Advice:.
b.false The alkanes are distinguished by having .pdfaswrd
b.false The alkanes are distinguished by having no functional group and being the
most chemically inert (non-reactive) of all organic families.
Solution
b.false The alkanes are distinguished by having no functional group and being the
most chemically inert (non-reactive) of all organic families..
In terms of structure A purine is a heterocyclic aromatic compound.pdfaswrd
In terms of structure : A purine is a heterocyclic aromatic compound that consists of a pyrimidine
ring fused to a imidazole ring.It consists of 2 carbon- nitrogen rings together with four nitrogen
atoms whereas pyrimidine is a heterocyclic aromatic compound consisting of nitrogen atoms that
are present on 1st and 3rd position of the ring.So,pyrimidine contains 1 carbon- nitrogen ring and
two nitrogen atoms.
In terms of molecular weight: Molecular weight of purine is 120.11 g/mol whereas molecular
weight of pyrimidine is 80.088 g/mol.
The pneumonic device that can be used to memorise which bases are purines vs pyrimidines are :
for purine nucleotides : It can be remembered as Pure as gold or pure as AG.So,purines are
Adenine and guanine.
for pyrimidines:It can be remembered as cut the Py because it sound like pie. Also, pie has one
ring and so does pyrimidine.So, pyrimidines are cytosine, uracil and thymine.
Solution
In terms of structure : A purine is a heterocyclic aromatic compound that consists of a pyrimidine
ring fused to a imidazole ring.It consists of 2 carbon- nitrogen rings together with four nitrogen
atoms whereas pyrimidine is a heterocyclic aromatic compound consisting of nitrogen atoms that
are present on 1st and 3rd position of the ring.So,pyrimidine contains 1 carbon- nitrogen ring and
two nitrogen atoms.
In terms of molecular weight: Molecular weight of purine is 120.11 g/mol whereas molecular
weight of pyrimidine is 80.088 g/mol.
The pneumonic device that can be used to memorise which bases are purines vs pyrimidines are :
for purine nucleotides : It can be remembered as Pure as gold or pure as AG.So,purines are
Adenine and guanine.
for pyrimidines:It can be remembered as cut the Py because it sound like pie. Also, pie has one
ring and so does pyrimidine.So, pyrimidines are cytosine, uracil and thymine..
In virtually every decision they make, executives today consider som.pdfaswrd
In virtually every decision they make, executives today consider some kind of forecast. Sound
predictions of demands and trends are no longer luxury items, but a necessity, if managers are to
cope with seasonality, sudden changes in demand levels, price-cutting maneuvers of the
competition, strikes, and large swings of the economy. Forecasting can help them deal with these
troubles; but it can help them more, the more they know about the general principles of
forecasting, what it can and cannot do for them currently, and which techniques are suited to
their needs of the moment. Here the authors try to explain the potential of forecasting to
managers, focusing special attention on sales forecasting for products of Corning Glass Works as
these have matured through the product life cycle. Also included is a rundown of forecasting
techniques.
Strategic planning focuses largely on managing interaction with environmental forces, which
include competitors, government, suppliers, customers, various interest groups and other factors
that affect your business and its prospects. Your ability as a small business owner-manager to
deal with these groups will vary widely depending on the group and on the timing. Also, you
may be able to get more of what you want from a supplier than from a competitor (although size,
distance, the percentage of the supplier\'s business you represent and your record of
dependability as a customer can affect this relationship). How you manage these and other
relationships is one of the decisions you will make during the strategic planning process.
Because of major changes in the business environment, your familiarity with strategic planning
and your ability to implement it is critical. At one time, business owner-managers assessed the
environment on a continuum that ran between very stable and very unstable. Businesses, such as
the producers of automobiles, furniture and other consumer goods, operated in a relatively stable
and predictable world. This also was true of many service firms, such as banks and savings and
loans. Typically, the environment included competition that was limited to a stable group of
competitors, loyal customers and a relatively slow transfer of information. Many small
businesses could thrive in this environment. Other small investors entered fields such as
xerography, computers and computer component production, software design and chemical
research. Some of these grew rapidly, becoming names with which we all are familiar: Xerox,
IBM, Apple and Microsoft. But many more failed.
Today, experts agree that more businesses face an unstable business environment. Improvements
in information processing and telecommunications have made major changes in most industries.
Along with this, improvements in transportation and the growth of foreign economies
(specifically in Europe and Asia) have created a global marketplace and redefined certain
industries. In addition, as consumers are exposed to more choices, loy.
Heat released by 0.025 mol of H3PO4 = 525 JHeat released by 2 mole.pdfaswrd
Heat released by 0.025 mol of H3PO4 = 525 J
Heat released by 2 moles of H3PO4 = 2/0.025 x 525
= 42000 J
Hrxn = - heat released by 2 moles of H3PO4
= -42000 J = -42 kJ
Solution
Heat released by 0.025 mol of H3PO4 = 525 J
Heat released by 2 moles of H3PO4 = 2/0.025 x 525
= 42000 J
Hrxn = - heat released by 2 moles of H3PO4
= -42000 J = -42 kJ.
Five broad principles guide AARP’s evaluation of tax options. Propos.pdfaswrd
Five broad principles guide AARP’s evaluation of tax options. Proposals to reform the tax code,
stimulate the economy, raise additional revenue for any purpose, or modify specific tax
provisions should take into account these principles. Equity—Revenue-raising methods should
consider people’s ability to pay and should, to the extent possible, achieve vertical and horizontal
equity. Taxation should be progressive, and people with comparable incomes should be taxed at
comparable rates. Taxes may also be related to benefits derived from government services.
Economic neutrality—Taxes should be as neutral as possible in their treatment of economic
activity and should not unduly encourage behavior undertaken simply to avoid taxation. Often
this can be achieved by a combination of a broad taxable base and a low tax rate. In addition
taxes should not unduly hinder economic growth, induce inflation, or discourage savings. Taxes
may be used to mitigate economic costs imposed on society that were not fully captured through
market prices. Administrative efficiency—Taxes should be simple for taxpayers to understand
and comply with, and as easy as possible to administer. The need to collect data on taxpayers and
enforce tax laws should be balanced against the protection of individual liberties and privacy.
Revenue—The tax system must produce sufficient revenue to pay for important national, state,
and local priorities and maintain fiscal stability. Stable and reliable public policies and programs
require adequate and consistent sources of revenue. Social and other policy goals—A balance
must be struck between using the tax system to address social policy goals (through such
measures as tax expenditures or earmarking revenue) and raising adequate revenues simply and
equitably. Sometimes the above principles conflict with each other. In these cases AARP may
weigh the relative importance of each of the key principles. AARP’s position on tax policies take
into account the net fiscal impact of a given policy proposal, not only its tax component.
Economic neutrality—Typically taxes create some inefficiencies by distorting economic choices
and thus people’s behavior in the market. One major goal of most tax reform proposals is to
reduce these distortions and encourage stronger economic growth. Proponents of consumption
taxes note that income taxes encourage consumption over saving. Integrating the individual and
corporate income taxes would reduce distortions that influence how businesses are organized and
how income is transferred from corporations to shareholders. By eliminating certain tax
deductions and other preferences, fundamental restructuring of the current income tax would also
improve the neutrality and efficiency of the tax system. Administrative efficiency—The degree
of administrative complexity depends greatly on the form of the tax. A VAT can have high
administrative costs because it increases the number of taxpayers and requires detailed record
ke.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
An Arrhenius acid is a substance that when added .pdf
1. An Arrhenius acid is a substance that when added to water increases the
concentration of H1+ ions. An Arrhenius base is is a substance that when added to water
increases the concentration of OH1- ions. A Bronsted acid is a substance that can donate a
hydrogen ion. A Bronsted base is a substance that can accept a hydrogen ion. A Lewis acid
accepts lone pair electrons. A Lew base donates lone pair electrons.
Solution
An Arrhenius acid is a substance that when added to water increases the
concentration of H1+ ions. An Arrhenius base is is a substance that when added to water
increases the concentration of OH1- ions. A Bronsted acid is a substance that can donate a
hydrogen ion. A Bronsted base is a substance that can accept a hydrogen ion. A Lewis acid
accepts lone pair electrons. A Lew base donates lone pair electrons.
