This document provides an overview of cystic hepatic lesions and an approach to their diagnosis. It discusses the differential diagnoses for cystic lesions, which range from benign to malignant conditions. Key imaging features like the presence of solid components or cyst morphology and number are important to consider along with clinical data. The document then categorizes and describes various developmental, inflammatory, neoplastic, and trauma-related cystic lesions of the liver in detail, noting their typical appearance on ultrasound, CT, and MRI. It proposes using these imaging characteristics and clinical information to establish a definitive diagnosis or reasonable differential diagnosis for cystic hepatic lesions.
Liver Tumors and Hepatocellular carcinoma supported by Hepatoblastoma. Most of the text are from Robbins Pathological basis of disease 9E, Goljan Review of pathology.
Imaging assessment of malignant focal and diffuse liver lesions from Ultrasound to Mri with overview of interventional modalities and diagnostic snippets,
Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Benign Biliary Stricture is a common condition which we encounter during gastro practice. Here we discuss in detail about its diagnosis and management.
Liver Tumors and Hepatocellular carcinoma supported by Hepatoblastoma. Most of the text are from Robbins Pathological basis of disease 9E, Goljan Review of pathology.
Imaging assessment of malignant focal and diffuse liver lesions from Ultrasound to Mri with overview of interventional modalities and diagnostic snippets,
Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas
https://drdhavalmangukiya.com/
http://www.youtube.com/c/DrDhavalMangukiyaGastrosurgeonSurat
https://gastrosurgerysurat.blogspot.com/
Benign Biliary Stricture is a common condition which we encounter during gastro practice. Here we discuss in detail about its diagnosis and management.
Choledochal cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis in all patients with a history of biliary colic, recurrent cholangitis or pancreatitis with associated dilatation of bile duct, particularly if they are <40 years of age. Delay in the diagnosis increases the incidence of associated biliary pathology and suboptimal surgical therapy
Title: Biliary Tract Tumours: Comprehensive Presentation of Tumour Types, Radiological Features, and Differential Diagnoses
Description:
Welcome to this insightful and comprehensive presentation on biliary tract tumours, focusing on their various types, radiological features observed through ultrasound (USG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), along with accompanying visual aids. With the goal of enhancing your understanding and knowledge in the field, this presentation will delve into the diverse range of biliary tract tumours, their characteristic radiological findings, and the crucial aspects of differential diagnosis for each tumour type.
Biliary tract tumours encompass a spectrum of malignancies that arise from the epithelial cells lining the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, as well as the gallbladder. This presentation will offer an in-depth exploration of the most prevalent biliary tract tumour types, including cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma, and rare variants such as hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinoma.
Throughout the slides, you will be presented with high-quality images obtained from USG, CT, and MRI scans, showcasing the distinctive radiological features associated with each tumour type. These images serve as invaluable visual aids, illustrating the importance of radiological investigations in the diagnosis and characterization of biliary tract tumours. The presentation will elucidate the key imaging findings, such as intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct dilatation, wall thickening, mass lesions, and lymph node involvement.
Moreover, the presentation will delve into the intricate realm of differential diagnosis for each tumour type, highlighting the distinctive features that aid in distinguishing biliary tract tumours from other hepatic or gallbladder pathologies. By exploring the differentials, you will gain a deeper understanding of the challenges faced in accurate diagnosis and the significance of incorporating multimodal imaging techniques to achieve a precise assessment.
In summary, this presentation serves as a comprehensive resource for healthcare professionals, radiologists, and students seeking to expand their knowledge of biliary tract tumours. With a rich collection of radiological images, a detailed exploration of tumour types, and a comprehensive overview of the differential diagnoses, this presentation will provide you with a solid foundation to recognize, characterize, and differentially diagnose biliary tract tumours in clinical practice.
Don't miss the opportunity to enhance your understanding of biliary tract tumours and their radiological features. Stay informed and up-to-date by uploading this informative presentation on biliary tract tumours to Slideshare, and gain valuable insights into this fascinating field of study.
simple renal cyst lecture prepare by three medical student in Kerbala university / college of medicine department of surgery to presented as seminar
for download as ppt
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1bOP_UJuZl-dr6wJF6yv3reRw_uNqXGkt
inflammatory bowel disease is a diagnosis of exclusion and it has two form known as crohn's disease which can affect all GI tract from ''gum to bum'' with skip lesion and the formation of cobblestones. ulcerative colitis affect only the colon and also causes proctitis and toxic megacolon. both of the disease has extraGI symptoms like sclerosing cholangitis, uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis,conjunctivitis, liver cirrhosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, arthropathy and althralgia, etc .
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
An approach to cystic hepatic lesions jk 05-aprl-2016
1. An Approach to Cystic
Hepatic Lesions
Dr. Jiten Kumar
Moderator: Dr. G.Prem Kumar
2. OBJECTIVES
O review the appearance of different cystic
hepatic lesions on imaging
O propose a practical algorithm for
approaching the diagnosis
O establish a definitive diagnosis or provide
a reasonable differential diagnosis
3. Hepatic cystic lesions
O differential diagnoses range from benign
to malignant and potentially lethal
conditions
O key radiologic features in combination with
reviewing the clinical data important
O key imaging features
O solid component
O number and morphology
6. Hepatic Cysts
O most commonly encountered hepatic lesion
O deranged development of the biliary tree (i.e., a
hamartoma of biliary origin or so-called “von
Meyenburg complex”
O no communication with the biliary tree
O ultrasound features
O well-marginated , anechoic round to ovoid
structure with an imperceptible wall
O enhancement of the posterior wall and increased
through-transmission
O CT and MRI,
O simple cysts have attenuation (0–15 HU) and
signal intensity (T1 hypointensity, T2
hyperintensity) similar to water
O Simple cysts do not show enhancement; can rarely
become complex
8. Biliary Hamartoma (von Meyenburg
Complex)
O dilated small bile ducts surrounded by fibrous
stroma
O ductal plate malformation
O lack of communication with biliary system
O multiple, small (< 15 mm), round or irregular
scattered cysts with predilection for the
subcapsular region
O ultrasound findings
O Variable- might appear anechoic, hypoechoic,
or hyperechoic,sometimes comet-tai artefacts
O CT and MRI -simple cystic appearance
10. Caroli Disease
O saccular dilatation of large intrahepatic bile ducts,
O associated with other diseases along the spectrum
of ductal plate malformations (e.g., biliary
hamartomas, polycystic liver disease, or hepatic
fibrosis), polycystic kidney disease, or renal tubular
ectasia
O Caroli disease and hepatic fibrosis is designated
as Caroli syndrome
O Caroli disease is classified as type V in the revised
Todani classification of biliary cysts
O become symptomatic by the age of 30 years
O Complications include recurrent cholangitis and
abscess, stone formation, cholangiocarcinoma,
and the development of secondary biliary cirrhosis
11. Caroli Disease
O multiple intrahepatic cysts of varying sizes
that communicate with the biliary system
O diffuse or localized to one segment or one
lobe, usually the left lobe
O On CT and MRI
O lesions are cystic and usually have a
central enhancing component, the “central
dot” sign, which is the portal radicle
O communication with the biliary system can
be further confirmed on cholangiography
13. Polycystic Liver Disease
O can be associated with ADPKD, which is found in
50% of these patients
O maldevelopment of the ductal plate that affects the
small intrahepatic bile ducts
O Histologically, two types of cysts
O intrahepatic cysts -usually peripherally located and
vary in size from a few millimeters to 80 mm
O peribiliary cysts are typically small (< 10 mm) and
have a periportal distribution
O complications include cyst hemorrhage, rupture, or
superinfection.
O CT findings suggestive of cyst infection –
O development of a fluid level, wall thickening,
calcification, or internal gas
O MRI is the best modality for identifying cysts
complicated by hemorrhage or infection
15. Ciliated Hepatic Foregut Duplication
Cyst
O rare congenital cystic lesion thought to arise from the
embryonic foregut- many similarities with a bronchogenic
cyst
O solitary lesion that typically measures less than 3
O most commonly located in the subcapsular aspect of segment
IV
O few cases of malignant transformation to squamous cell
carcinoma have been reported
O symptomatic, enlarging, larger than 4 cm, or containing
atypical features (e.g., solid components, thick septations)
should be resected
O ultrasound: anechoic or hypoechoic
O The cyst content ranges from clear serous fluid to mucous
fluid of different viscosities- - CT attenuation and T1 signal
intensity vary
O high signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging, no
enhancement on MRI
18. Pyogenic Liver Abscess
O risk factors
O diabetes,
O gastrointestinal tract cancers,
O diverticulitis, cholangitis, cholecystitis
O recent hepatobiliary surgery or trauma
O more likely to form in the right lobe
O ultrasound- an anechoic mass with
O well-defined or indistinct borders
O increased through transmission
O may contain echogenic debris or gas
O with Klebsiella, more likely to be solid
O CT-
O iso- to hypoattenuating compared with background liver on the
unenhanced phase
O peripheral rim of enhancement on administration of IV contrast
O MRI
O the central portion of the lesion will show low signal intensity on T1-
weighted imaging and high signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging
O a peripheral halo of hyperintensity indicating edema may be seen on T2-
weighted imaging.
20. Amebic Liver Abscess
O amebic and pyogenic liver abscesses are virtually
indistinguishable on imaging
O diagnosis on the basis of clinical and serologic findings
O Extrahepatic disease, such as a right pleural effusion, a
pericardial effusion, or intraperitoneal rupture may suggest an
amebic abscess
O typically solitary most often in the posterior segment
O ultrasound-
O hypoechoic round or oval lesions located close to the liver
capsule
O show low-level internal echoes and posterior acoustic
enhancement
O CT-
O slightly higher attenuation than water may have smooth or
nodular borders
O thick (3–15 mm) wall that typically enhances
O MRI
O the central portion cystic,
O “rind” exhibits variable intensities on T1- and T2-weighted
imaging
22. Hydatid Cyst
O symptoms include pain; biliary obstruction;
superinfection; and, rarely, cyst rupture, which can
lead to anaphylactic reaction
O On imaging, the lesions present as unilocular or
multilocular cysts
O Four different radiographic appearances
O simple cyst with no internal architecture
O cyst with daughter cysts and a matrix
O calcified cyst
O complicated cyst
O The classic type is a cyst containing multiple
peripheral daughter cysts
O content of the daughter cysts is different from that of
the mother cyst- daughter cysts are usually
hypodense on CT and have a slightly different signal
intensity than the mother cyst on MR
24. Fungal Microabscesses
O typically seen in the immunocompromised population
O small lesions(< 2 cm) and disseminated throughout the
liver and the spleen, sometimes renal
O Ultrasound appearance
O “bull’s eye”: a round hyperechoic lesion with an outer
hypoechoic ring
O “wheel within a wheel”- adding a central hypoechoic dot to
the bull’s eye
O CT
O triphasic liver imaging is most sensitive
O most lesions being detectable on the arterial phase as
uniformly hypoattenuating
O MRI
O most conspicuous on the T2
O Mimics of hepatosplenic fungal infection include
granulomatous diseases (e.g., sarcoidosis) and rarely
aseptic abscesses
26. Intrahepatic pseudocyst
O extremely rare condition- usually as a complication
of acute alcoholic pancreatitis
O affect young and middle-age men
O high propensity for the right lobe
O ancillary findings of pancreatitis is key
O spread of pancreatic enzymes and lesser sac fluid
along the hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal
ligaments or the portal triad into the liver
parenchyma intrahepatic tissue damage
and necrosis
O can spontaneously resolve or can progress to
become a pseudocyst with a fibrous capsule
O On imaging, the lesions manifest as a simple fluid
collection with an enhancing thin peripheral
capsule
28. Biliary Cystadenoma (BCA) and
Cystadenocarcinoma (BCAC)
O more common in women: mean age at presentation is 45
years for BCA and almost 55 years for BCAC-
O the female predominance is much more pronounced in BCA
(female/male ratio- 9:1)
O arise from ectopic rests of embryonic bile ducts or aberrant
ducts- majority intrahepatic
O BCAC is usually a result of malignant transformation of BCA
(risk as high as 20%) but can also arise de novo
O imaging findings overlap
O multilocular with enhancing walls,
O fine septations, and variable calcification
O can be as large as 30 cm
O biliary ductal dilatation in the left lobe common
O Enhancing mural nodules are more common in BCAC than
BCA
O can mimic that of pyogenic abscess, amebic abscess, or
cystic metastasis
31. Cystic Hepatocellular Carcinoma
O Classically HCC is a hypervascular mass with
rapid washout on the portal venous phase and
an enhancing peripheral capsule
O Very rarely, may manifest as a predominantly
cystic mass with enhancing septa- an irregular
multilocular hypoattenuating lesion with a
peripheral rim of enhancement
O hypoattenuating central portion is necrosis and
the peripheral enhancing septa contain
malignant cells
O liquefactive necrosis after locoregional
treatment is a more common cause for the
cystic morphology
33. Cystic Liver Metastases
O 10% of focal liver lesions in patients with a known
primary are found to be metastatic disease-
O neuroendocrine tumors,
O gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST),
O lung adenocarcinoma, colorectal carcinoma,
O transitional cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic
carcinoma,
O ovarian carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, sarcoma,
O Cause of cystic appearance
O high mucinous content
O rapid growth of the tumor with hemorrhage,
necrosis, or cystic degeneration
O cystic degeneration after chemotherapy
O hypoattenuating to background liver on CT ,usually
irregular peripheral rim of enhancement
35. Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma
(UES)
O highly malignant hepatic neoplasm: the pediatric age
group (typical age at presentation, 6–10 years)
O mesenchymal origin with sarcomatous features
O large (> 10 cm) solitary lesion commonly in the right lobe
O ultrasound- solid iso to hyperechoic with small anechoic
areas corresponding to areas of necrosis or cystic
degeneration
O CT
O unenhanced CT-cystic with near-water attenuation: high
water content of its myxoid stroma
O Contrast-enhanced CT can show different degrees of
enhancement
O MR
O cystic on unenhanced T1- and T2-weighted sequences
O heterogeneous enhancement post contrast -better seen in
the late portal venous phase
39. Oma-s
O Post trauma or iatrogenic injury ,collection of
O bile-biloma,
O lymph- seroma
O blood- hematoma
O Inflammatory response leads to pseudocapsule
formation
O On imaging,
O seromas and bilomas appear as a simple fluid collection
that may or may not show a thin rim of enhancement
O Hematomas, on the other hand, have different density
and intensity based on the age of the blood products.
O GRE T2-weighted sequence—the most sensitive
method for detecting blood products
42. Mimics
O Pseudoaneurysm
O cystic on ultrasound and on unenhanced
CT
O vascular nature established on color and
spectral Doppler imaging.
O Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI show
enhancement similar to the blood pool.
O Focal Steatosis
O nodular steatosis rarely can mimic a cystic
lesion on unenhanced CT
O MRI with the use of chemical-shift gradient-
echo imaging
43. Mimics
O Peribiliary Cyst
O obstruction of the neck of the periductal glands
O high association with cirrhosis, portal
hypertension, and AD polycystic disease
O lesions usually increase in size and number as
cirrhosis and portal hypertension progress
O located along the portal tracts in the hilum and
adjacent to the large intrahepatic ducts
O discrete, clustered, or confluent
O The confluent type can mimic biliary ductal
dilatation
O Ultrasound can depict the thin septa between the
cysts to differentiate them fromprimary sclerosing
cholangitis