Amoebiasis dr.v.r.patkar
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
8 likes•345 views
This document summarizes information about amoebiasis, an intestinal infection caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It discusses the clinical presentation of amoebiasis, which can range from mild abdominal discomfort to severe dysentery. Metronidazole and tinidazole are recommended as first-line treatments for intestinal and liver amoebiasis. For intestinal amoebiasis, luminal amoebicides like diloxanide furoate are also used to clear cysts from the gastrointestinal tract. Proper treatment is important to prevent relapses of amoebic liver abscesses.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Amoebiasis
This document discusses amoebiasis, a common intestinal infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It has a worldwide distribution and is a major health problem in areas with poor sanitation. Symptoms range from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery and liver abscesses. Diagnosis is made by identifying the parasite in stool samples. Treatment involves drugs like metronidazole. Prevention relies on improved sanitation, safe food and water, health education, and treatment of carriers like food handlers.
Leishmaniasis
- Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by Leishmania parasites and transmitted by sandfly bites. It is endemic in 88 countries across 5 continents.
- There are several clinical forms including cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, is the most serious form and if left untreated is usually fatal.
- India has the largest burden of visceral leishmaniasis worldwide, accounting for over half of global cases. It is endemic in 4 states, primarily Bihar where most cases occur.
Giardiasis
Giardia is a microscopic parasite that causes the diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. It infects the small intestine and is one of the most common causes of waterborne illness in the US. The parasite spreads through ingesting cysts from contaminated food, water, or surfaces. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis is through examination of stool samples and treatment involves antibiotics such as metronidazole. Giardiasis is highly contagious and preventing transmission involves proper handwashing and water treatment.
Giardiasis
definition ,causative factor ,epidemiology ,signs and symptoms ,diagnosis ,differential diagnosis ,complications,treatment ,prognosis .prevention
Amoebiasis
Amoebiasis is an infection caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It is common in developing parts of the world with poor sanitation. Most infections are asymptomatic, but some can cause intestinal symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery. Rarely, the infection can spread beyond the intestines and cause liver abscesses or affect other organs. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of stool samples or biopsy specimens to look for trophozoites or cysts. Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and may involve antibiotics or antiparasitic drugs. Prevention relies on improved sanitation, water treatment, hygiene and health education.
Dysentery
Dysentery is an inflammation of the intestines that causes bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and mucus in the stool. It is typically caused by either bacteria (bacillary dysentery) like Shigella species, which spreads through poor hygiene and contaminated food/water, or by the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica (amoebic dysentery), which is more common in tropical areas and spreads through ingestion of cysts. Symptoms include abdominal pain and bloating, bloody diarrhea, nausea, and in severe cases, fever, chills, and dehydration. Diagnosis involves examining a stool sample under a microscope to look for bacteria or parasites.
Amoebiasis pathogenesis and pathology
This document summarizes Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amoebiasis. It causes infection via fecal-oral transmission or oral sex. Virulence is determined by strain characteristics and host immunity. The parasite infects the intestine, where it may cause lesions and ulceration. It can spread to other organs like the liver to cause abscesses. Liver abscesses typically appear as solitary masses in the right lobe and contain anchovy sauce-like pus. The parasite may also infect the brain, skin or urogenital tract in rare cases.
Bacillary dysentery (shigellosis
Acute infectious disease of intestine caused by dysentery bacilli(genus shigella)
Place of lesion: sigmoid & rectum
Pathological feature:
diffuse fibrious exudative
inflammation
Recommended
Amoebiasis
This document discusses amoebiasis, a common intestinal infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It has a worldwide distribution and is a major health problem in areas with poor sanitation. Symptoms range from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery and liver abscesses. Diagnosis is made by identifying the parasite in stool samples. Treatment involves drugs like metronidazole. Prevention relies on improved sanitation, safe food and water, health education, and treatment of carriers like food handlers.
Leishmaniasis
- Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by Leishmania parasites and transmitted by sandfly bites. It is endemic in 88 countries across 5 continents.
- There are several clinical forms including cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, is the most serious form and if left untreated is usually fatal.
- India has the largest burden of visceral leishmaniasis worldwide, accounting for over half of global cases. It is endemic in 4 states, primarily Bihar where most cases occur.
Giardiasis
Giardia is a microscopic parasite that causes the diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. It infects the small intestine and is one of the most common causes of waterborne illness in the US. The parasite spreads through ingesting cysts from contaminated food, water, or surfaces. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis is through examination of stool samples and treatment involves antibiotics such as metronidazole. Giardiasis is highly contagious and preventing transmission involves proper handwashing and water treatment.
Giardiasis
definition ,causative factor ,epidemiology ,signs and symptoms ,diagnosis ,differential diagnosis ,complications,treatment ,prognosis .prevention
Amoebiasis
Amoebiasis is an infection caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It is common in developing parts of the world with poor sanitation. Most infections are asymptomatic, but some can cause intestinal symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery. Rarely, the infection can spread beyond the intestines and cause liver abscesses or affect other organs. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of stool samples or biopsy specimens to look for trophozoites or cysts. Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and may involve antibiotics or antiparasitic drugs. Prevention relies on improved sanitation, water treatment, hygiene and health education.
Dysentery
Dysentery is an inflammation of the intestines that causes bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and mucus in the stool. It is typically caused by either bacteria (bacillary dysentery) like Shigella species, which spreads through poor hygiene and contaminated food/water, or by the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica (amoebic dysentery), which is more common in tropical areas and spreads through ingestion of cysts. Symptoms include abdominal pain and bloating, bloody diarrhea, nausea, and in severe cases, fever, chills, and dehydration. Diagnosis involves examining a stool sample under a microscope to look for bacteria or parasites.
Amoebiasis pathogenesis and pathology
This document summarizes Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amoebiasis. It causes infection via fecal-oral transmission or oral sex. Virulence is determined by strain characteristics and host immunity. The parasite infects the intestine, where it may cause lesions and ulceration. It can spread to other organs like the liver to cause abscesses. Liver abscesses typically appear as solitary masses in the right lobe and contain anchovy sauce-like pus. The parasite may also infect the brain, skin or urogenital tract in rare cases.
Bacillary dysentery (shigellosis
Acute infectious disease of intestine caused by dysentery bacilli(genus shigella)
Place of lesion: sigmoid & rectum
Pathological feature:
diffuse fibrious exudative
inflammation
Yersinia 2007
Yersinia are gram-negative rods that can cause human disease. The document discusses Yersinia pestis, which causes plague, and Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis, which cause human diarrheal diseases. Y. pestis is transmitted by fleas and causes a fatal infection if not treated with antibiotics like streptomycin. Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis are transmitted through contaminated food or water and commonly cause self-limiting gastrointestinal infections but can occasionally spread systemically and cause more serious infections.
Giardia
Giardia duodenalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite that causes giardiasis. It has both a trophozoite and cyst stage. The trophozoite lives in the small intestine where it attaches to epithelial cells and feeds on mucus, interfering with absorption. It can cause diarrhea and malabsorption. The cyst forms when trophozoites pass through the large intestine and are excreted in feces. Cysts are hardy and infect new hosts when ingested. Giardiasis is common worldwide and transmitted through contaminated water. Treatment involves metronidazole antibiotics.
Intestinal protozoa ( entamoeba, giardia, dientamoeba
This document provides a classification and overview of intestinal protozoa including Entamoeba, Giardia, Dientamoeba, Trichomonas, and Balantidium. It describes the morphology, life cycles, pathogenicity and clinical manifestations of Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amebiasis. Laboratory diagnosis and treatment options for intestinal amebiasis and extraintestinal complications like hepatic amebiasis are also summarized. The document briefly mentions other non-pathogenic intestinal amoebae including Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba hartmanni, Entamoeba gingivalis, Endolimax n
Helminthiasis
This document discusses several types of helminthiasis (parasitic worm infections). It summarizes filariasis, which is caused by nematodes transmitted by insects and causes lymphatic obstruction. It also discusses intestinal nematodes like ascariasis (roundworm), ancylostoma hookworm, and enterobius (pinworm) which are transmitted orally and can cause nutritional deficiencies, anemia, or irritation. Treatment involves anthelmintic drugs like albendazole while prevention relies on sanitation and hygiene practices.
Intestinal amoebae
This document discusses intestinal protozoa including ameba species. It causes by fecal-oral transmission due to poor hygiene and sanitation. Control involves improving hygiene, treating carriers, and protecting water supply by boiling, iodine or not chlorine. Amoebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica transmitted via cysts in contaminated food/water or direct contact. It causes asymptomatic infection or invasive disease with diarrhea, dysentery, liver abscesses. Diagnosis involves stool exam detecting trophozoites while treatment is metronidazole. Prevention requires improved hygiene and water treatment.
7.brucella 1
This document provides information on Brucella, the causative agent of brucellosis. It discusses the classification of Brucella as an alpha Proteobacteria. The main Brucella species that infect humans are B. melitensis, B. abortus, and B. suis, which are transmitted through contact with infected animals. The document outlines the morphology, culture characteristics, pathogenicity, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Brucella infections. Brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease that can cause acute or chronic infections in humans.
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica is an ameba parasite that lives in the large intestine of humans. It feeds on intestinal cells and causes dysentery and colonic ulcers. The cyst form is resistant and spreads through contaminated food or water. It excysts in the intestine and the trophozoite form causes tissue damage and disease symptoms. Infection is diagnosed by examining stool samples microscopically. It is treated with metronidazole but prevention relies on improved sanitation and hygiene.
Helminth
The document discusses helminths, which are parasitic worms. It defines helminthology as the study of parasitic worms and their effects on hosts. It describes two types of helminths: geohelminths which have a simple life cycle within one host, and biohelminths which require an intermediate host to complete their life cycle. It then provides examples of specific helminths, including their transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by sand fly bites. It exists in three main forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. Cutaneous lesions cause skin sores, while mucocutaneous lesions affect mucosal tissues and can cause disfigurement. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs and is the most serious form. The disease is diagnosed by microscopic examination of tissues or cultures to view the parasites. Treatment depends on the form but may include topical or systemic antimonials, amphotericin B, or miltefosine.
Microfilariae (Wuchereria Bancrofti)
Wuchereria Bancrofti, the adult worm or parasites and its embryo microfilariae . The studies of microbiology. Its about Introduction, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
Yersinia
Yersinia includes human pathogens Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. enterocolitica. Y. pestis causes plague, a zoonotic disease transmitted by fleas that has caused several pandemics throughout history. Currently it remains endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, and Americas, causing thousands of cases annually. Yersiniosis is caused by Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica through consumption of contaminated food or water, commonly presenting as self-limiting gastroenteritis. Both diseases are diagnosed through culture, biochemical tests, and serology to identify the Yersinia species. Prevention focuses on flea control for plague and food safety for yers
Entamoeba histolytica
This document provides an overview of Entamoeba histolytica, including its history, structure, transmission, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment. E. histolytica is a parasitic protozoan that infects the human colon and causes acute diarrhea and dysentery. It has two stages - the active trophozoite stage that causes infection, and the transmissive cyst stage. The cysts are ingested and excyst in the gut, releasing trophozoites that colonize the colon and cause tissue destruction through enzymatic lysis of epithelial cells. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of stool samples for trophozoites or cysts. Treatment depends on the site of infection but generally involves nitroimidazole derivatives for intestinal
Amebiasis
Amebiasis is caused by the intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It is endemic in areas with poor sanitation. Infection occurs by ingesting E. histolytica cysts in contaminated food or water. Most infections are asymptomatic, but some cause intestinal diseases like dysentery or liver abscesses. Symptoms of intestinal amebiasis include diarrhea and abdominal pain. Liver abscesses appear as round lesions containing anchovy paste-like material. Diagnosis involves detecting the parasite in stool or biopsy. Tinidazole or metronidazole are prescribed to treat intestinal or liver infections, with luminal agents added to clear the infection.
Hook worm
Lecture of Hook worm (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus) for M.B.B.S. , B.D.S and other allied sciences undergraduate students
Helminths
This document summarizes the life cycles and transmission of various intestinal parasites. It discusses nematodes (roundworms) like Ascaris, Enterobius, and Ancylostoma which infect the intestines. It also mentions the tissue-infecting roundworm Trichinella spiralis. For flatworms, it covers trematodes (flukes) like Schistosoma which causes schistosomiasis, and cestodes (tapeworms) such as Taenia and Echinococcus. The document describes the infective stages, symptoms, diagnosis, and transmission routes of these parasites.
Tularemia
Presentation on Tularemia, its pathogenesis, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, lifecycle of the bacteria and prevention.
Intestinal and extraintestinal amoebiasis
Amebiasis is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It commonly involves the intestines but can spread to other organs. Symptoms range from mild diarrhea to severe colitis or liver abscesses. Diagnosis involves identifying the trophozoites or cysts in stool or abscess samples. Treatment includes metronidazole combined with luminal amebicides like diloxanide furoate.
Giardiasis
Giardiasis is an intestinal infection caused by Giardia lamblia, a single-celled parasite. It was first discovered in 1681 by Antoine van Leeuwenhoek using an early microscope. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fatigue, and weight loss. Giardiasis spreads through ingesting contaminated food or water, or contact with infected feces. It is diagnosed using stool tests to detect the parasite and treated with antibiotics like metronidazole or tinidazole. Proper hygiene and water treatment can help prevent spreading the infection.
Yellow fever
Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes that primarily affects monkeys and humans in tropical areas of Africa and South America. It causes fever, jaundice, and can lead to severe liver and kidney damage. There are three main transmission cycles: a sylvatic cycle between monkeys and wild mosquitoes in forests; an intermediate cycle between monkeys, humans and semi-domestic mosquitoes near forests; and an urban cycle between humans and the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The virus is controlled through vaccination programs and mosquito control measures like larval source reduction and insecticide spraying. International travel regulations require a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate for entry into affected areas.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
This document provides information on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It discusses that M. tuberculosis is the primary cause of human tuberculosis, along with M. bovis. M. tuberculosis is an acid-fast, aerobic bacterium that grows slowly and forms characteristic colonies on culture media. It discusses the morphology, cultural characteristics, resistance properties, host range, antigenic properties, and biochemical reactions of M. tuberculosis that aid in its identification. Typing methods like phage typing, bacteriocin typing, IS6110 RFLP typing, and spoligotyping are also summarized for distinguishing strains of M. tuberculosis.
Antiamoebic drugs
1. Amebiasis is an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, which can range from asymptomatic to severe dysentery. It is diagnosed by identifying the parasite in fresh stool samples.
2. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treating amebiasis. It is activated by anaerobic organisms to damage parasite DNA.
3. Drugs for amebiasis are classified as luminal, systemic, or mixed based on where they act. Metronidazole is a mixed amebicide that treats both intestinal and extraintestinal infections.
Anti Amoebic Drugs
This document discusses drugs used to treat amoebiasis, an infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica. It describes the life cycle and stages of E. histolytica, as well as the different types of amoebiasis. The main drugs discussed are metronidazole, tinidazole, emetine, diloxanide furoate, chloroquine, and paromomycin. It provides details on the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, and side effects of these various anti-amoebic drugs.
More Related Content
What's hot
Yersinia 2007
Yersinia are gram-negative rods that can cause human disease. The document discusses Yersinia pestis, which causes plague, and Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis, which cause human diarrheal diseases. Y. pestis is transmitted by fleas and causes a fatal infection if not treated with antibiotics like streptomycin. Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis are transmitted through contaminated food or water and commonly cause self-limiting gastrointestinal infections but can occasionally spread systemically and cause more serious infections.
Giardia
Giardia duodenalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite that causes giardiasis. It has both a trophozoite and cyst stage. The trophozoite lives in the small intestine where it attaches to epithelial cells and feeds on mucus, interfering with absorption. It can cause diarrhea and malabsorption. The cyst forms when trophozoites pass through the large intestine and are excreted in feces. Cysts are hardy and infect new hosts when ingested. Giardiasis is common worldwide and transmitted through contaminated water. Treatment involves metronidazole antibiotics.
Intestinal protozoa ( entamoeba, giardia, dientamoeba
This document provides a classification and overview of intestinal protozoa including Entamoeba, Giardia, Dientamoeba, Trichomonas, and Balantidium. It describes the morphology, life cycles, pathogenicity and clinical manifestations of Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amebiasis. Laboratory diagnosis and treatment options for intestinal amebiasis and extraintestinal complications like hepatic amebiasis are also summarized. The document briefly mentions other non-pathogenic intestinal amoebae including Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba hartmanni, Entamoeba gingivalis, Endolimax n
Helminthiasis
This document discusses several types of helminthiasis (parasitic worm infections). It summarizes filariasis, which is caused by nematodes transmitted by insects and causes lymphatic obstruction. It also discusses intestinal nematodes like ascariasis (roundworm), ancylostoma hookworm, and enterobius (pinworm) which are transmitted orally and can cause nutritional deficiencies, anemia, or irritation. Treatment involves anthelmintic drugs like albendazole while prevention relies on sanitation and hygiene practices.
Intestinal amoebae
This document discusses intestinal protozoa including ameba species. It causes by fecal-oral transmission due to poor hygiene and sanitation. Control involves improving hygiene, treating carriers, and protecting water supply by boiling, iodine or not chlorine. Amoebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica transmitted via cysts in contaminated food/water or direct contact. It causes asymptomatic infection or invasive disease with diarrhea, dysentery, liver abscesses. Diagnosis involves stool exam detecting trophozoites while treatment is metronidazole. Prevention requires improved hygiene and water treatment.
7.brucella 1
This document provides information on Brucella, the causative agent of brucellosis. It discusses the classification of Brucella as an alpha Proteobacteria. The main Brucella species that infect humans are B. melitensis, B. abortus, and B. suis, which are transmitted through contact with infected animals. The document outlines the morphology, culture characteristics, pathogenicity, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Brucella infections. Brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease that can cause acute or chronic infections in humans.
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica is an ameba parasite that lives in the large intestine of humans. It feeds on intestinal cells and causes dysentery and colonic ulcers. The cyst form is resistant and spreads through contaminated food or water. It excysts in the intestine and the trophozoite form causes tissue damage and disease symptoms. Infection is diagnosed by examining stool samples microscopically. It is treated with metronidazole but prevention relies on improved sanitation and hygiene.
Helminth
The document discusses helminths, which are parasitic worms. It defines helminthology as the study of parasitic worms and their effects on hosts. It describes two types of helminths: geohelminths which have a simple life cycle within one host, and biohelminths which require an intermediate host to complete their life cycle. It then provides examples of specific helminths, including their transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by sand fly bites. It exists in three main forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. Cutaneous lesions cause skin sores, while mucocutaneous lesions affect mucosal tissues and can cause disfigurement. Visceral leishmaniasis affects internal organs and is the most serious form. The disease is diagnosed by microscopic examination of tissues or cultures to view the parasites. Treatment depends on the form but may include topical or systemic antimonials, amphotericin B, or miltefosine.
Microfilariae (Wuchereria Bancrofti)
Wuchereria Bancrofti, the adult worm or parasites and its embryo microfilariae . The studies of microbiology. Its about Introduction, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
Yersinia
Yersinia includes human pathogens Y. pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. enterocolitica. Y. pestis causes plague, a zoonotic disease transmitted by fleas that has caused several pandemics throughout history. Currently it remains endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, and Americas, causing thousands of cases annually. Yersiniosis is caused by Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica through consumption of contaminated food or water, commonly presenting as self-limiting gastroenteritis. Both diseases are diagnosed through culture, biochemical tests, and serology to identify the Yersinia species. Prevention focuses on flea control for plague and food safety for yers
Entamoeba histolytica
This document provides an overview of Entamoeba histolytica, including its history, structure, transmission, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment. E. histolytica is a parasitic protozoan that infects the human colon and causes acute diarrhea and dysentery. It has two stages - the active trophozoite stage that causes infection, and the transmissive cyst stage. The cysts are ingested and excyst in the gut, releasing trophozoites that colonize the colon and cause tissue destruction through enzymatic lysis of epithelial cells. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of stool samples for trophozoites or cysts. Treatment depends on the site of infection but generally involves nitroimidazole derivatives for intestinal
Amebiasis
Amebiasis is caused by the intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It is endemic in areas with poor sanitation. Infection occurs by ingesting E. histolytica cysts in contaminated food or water. Most infections are asymptomatic, but some cause intestinal diseases like dysentery or liver abscesses. Symptoms of intestinal amebiasis include diarrhea and abdominal pain. Liver abscesses appear as round lesions containing anchovy paste-like material. Diagnosis involves detecting the parasite in stool or biopsy. Tinidazole or metronidazole are prescribed to treat intestinal or liver infections, with luminal agents added to clear the infection.
Hook worm
Lecture of Hook worm (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus) for M.B.B.S. , B.D.S and other allied sciences undergraduate students
Helminths
This document summarizes the life cycles and transmission of various intestinal parasites. It discusses nematodes (roundworms) like Ascaris, Enterobius, and Ancylostoma which infect the intestines. It also mentions the tissue-infecting roundworm Trichinella spiralis. For flatworms, it covers trematodes (flukes) like Schistosoma which causes schistosomiasis, and cestodes (tapeworms) such as Taenia and Echinococcus. The document describes the infective stages, symptoms, diagnosis, and transmission routes of these parasites.
Tularemia
Presentation on Tularemia, its pathogenesis, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, lifecycle of the bacteria and prevention.
Intestinal and extraintestinal amoebiasis
Amebiasis is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It commonly involves the intestines but can spread to other organs. Symptoms range from mild diarrhea to severe colitis or liver abscesses. Diagnosis involves identifying the trophozoites or cysts in stool or abscess samples. Treatment includes metronidazole combined with luminal amebicides like diloxanide furoate.
Giardiasis
Giardiasis is an intestinal infection caused by Giardia lamblia, a single-celled parasite. It was first discovered in 1681 by Antoine van Leeuwenhoek using an early microscope. Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fatigue, and weight loss. Giardiasis spreads through ingesting contaminated food or water, or contact with infected feces. It is diagnosed using stool tests to detect the parasite and treated with antibiotics like metronidazole or tinidazole. Proper hygiene and water treatment can help prevent spreading the infection.
Yellow fever
Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes that primarily affects monkeys and humans in tropical areas of Africa and South America. It causes fever, jaundice, and can lead to severe liver and kidney damage. There are three main transmission cycles: a sylvatic cycle between monkeys and wild mosquitoes in forests; an intermediate cycle between monkeys, humans and semi-domestic mosquitoes near forests; and an urban cycle between humans and the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The virus is controlled through vaccination programs and mosquito control measures like larval source reduction and insecticide spraying. International travel regulations require a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate for entry into affected areas.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
This document provides information on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It discusses that M. tuberculosis is the primary cause of human tuberculosis, along with M. bovis. M. tuberculosis is an acid-fast, aerobic bacterium that grows slowly and forms characteristic colonies on culture media. It discusses the morphology, cultural characteristics, resistance properties, host range, antigenic properties, and biochemical reactions of M. tuberculosis that aid in its identification. Typing methods like phage typing, bacteriocin typing, IS6110 RFLP typing, and spoligotyping are also summarized for distinguishing strains of M. tuberculosis.
What's hot (20)
Intestinal protozoa ( entamoeba, giardia, dientamoeba
Intestinal protozoa ( entamoeba, giardia, dientamoeba
Similar to Amoebiasis dr.v.r.patkar
Antiamoebic drugs
1. Amebiasis is an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, which can range from asymptomatic to severe dysentery. It is diagnosed by identifying the parasite in fresh stool samples.
2. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treating amebiasis. It is activated by anaerobic organisms to damage parasite DNA.
3. Drugs for amebiasis are classified as luminal, systemic, or mixed based on where they act. Metronidazole is a mixed amebicide that treats both intestinal and extraintestinal infections.
Anti Amoebic Drugs
This document discusses drugs used to treat amoebiasis, an infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica. It describes the life cycle and stages of E. histolytica, as well as the different types of amoebiasis. The main drugs discussed are metronidazole, tinidazole, emetine, diloxanide furoate, chloroquine, and paromomycin. It provides details on the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, and side effects of these various anti-amoebic drugs.
Antiamoebic drugs
Amebiasis is caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica and can range from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery. Diagnosis is made by identifying the parasite in stool samples. Treatment targets both actively infected individuals and asymptomatic carriers to prevent future infections. Metronidazole is the drug of choice as it is effective against both the luminal and systemic forms due to its activation by anaerobic organisms. It has good absorption and achieves high tissue concentrations. Common side effects include nausea and metallic taste.
Medicinal chemistry of Antiamoebic agents
This document discusses amebiasis, an intestinal infection caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It describes the life cycle and symptoms of E. histolytica, from ingesting cysts to formation of trophozoites that penetrate the intestinal wall and may cause liver abscesses. Diagnosis involves isolating E. histolytica from feces. Treatment aims to eliminate actively infected and asymptomatic carriers to prevent future infections. Several antiamoebic drugs are discussed including metronidazole, diloxanide, and 8-hydroxyquinolines that act on intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Metronidazole's mechanism of action involves reductive activation by susceptible
Anti Ameobic Drugs
This document discusses amoebiasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It affects approximately 48 million people worldwide and causes over 40,000 deaths annually. E. histolytica exists in two forms - cysts, which can survive outside the body and infect, and trophozoites, the invasive form that can reproduce and damage the intestinal wall. Diagnosis has relied on microscopy but newer techniques like PCR and ELISA are more sensitive and specific. Metronidazole is the main drug used to treat tissue infections but does not affect cysts, so luminal amoebicides like diloxanide furoate or paromomycin must also be used for complete eradication
ANTI-AMOEBICS
Amoebiasis is an infection with Entamoeba histolytica produced by the ingestion of cysts of this organism. Amoebiasis can be asymptomatic or can lead to severe, life-threatening dysentery. The organism exists in two forms, the motile trophozoite form or the dormant cyst form.
In the intestine, the cysts develop into trophozoites that adhere to colonic epithelial cells by means of lectin on the parasitic membrane, which has similarity to the host adherence proteins.
The trophozoite then lyses the host cell (hence histolytica) and invades the submucosa, where it may secrete a factor that inhibits IFNY- activated macrophages, which would otherwise kill it. These processes may result in dysentery
Anti ameobic drugs
This document discusses amebiasis, an intestinal infection caused by the Entamoeba histolytica parasite. It can range from asymptomatic to severe dysentery. Diagnosis is through identifying the parasite in fresh stool samples. Treatment aims to eliminate both active infections and asymptomatic carriers to prevent future infections. Drugs used for treatment include metronidazole, tinidazole, emetine, and diloxanide furoate depending on the severity and location of infection. Side effects of these drugs include gastrointestinal upset and potential cardiac toxicity with emetine.
Antiprotozoal agents.pptx
This document discusses various antiprotozoal drugs used to treat diseases caused by protozoan parasites. It provides details on drugs used to treat amebiasis, giardiasis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and malaria. Metronidazole is a commonly used broad-spectrum antiprotozoal drug that is effective against amebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis. Other drugs mentioned include diloxanide furoate, tinidazole, secnidazole, ornidazole, satranidazole, emetine, dehydroemetine, nitazoxanide, furazolid
Antiamoebic agents
This document summarizes drugs used to treat infections of Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis. It describes the lifecycle of E. histolytica and signs and symptoms of amoebiasis. Various classes of drugs are discussed including tissue amoebicides like metronidazole, luminal amoebicides like diloxanide furoate, and others like emetine. Adverse effects and dosages are provided for major anti-amoebic drugs.
Antiamoebic drugs
Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis. It is transmitted through the oral-fecal route by ingesting cysts from contaminated food or water. In the intestines, cysts excyst into trophozoites which multiply and may invade the intestinal wall, causing dysentery. Trophozoites can spread to other organs through the bloodstream. Metronidazole is effective against both intestinal and tissue infections, as it is activated by anaerobic metabolism and kills the trophozoites. Other nitroimidazole derivatives like tinidazole and ornidazole are also used to treat amoebiasis.
ANTI AMOEBIC DRUGS ( drugs against amoebic action)
1. Metronidazole is the first-line treatment for intestinal and extraintestinal amoebiasis. It is also used for giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and certain anaerobic infections.
2. Other nitroimidazole derivatives like tinidazole and secnidazole are also effective against amoebiasis and have less side effects than metronidazole.
3. Luminal amoebicides like diloxanide furoate are used as an adjunct to eliminate cysts and prevent recurrence of amoebiasis.
Treatment of amoebiasis & giardiasis
This document discusses treatments for amoebiasis and giardiasis. Metronidazole is the first-line treatment for both infections. It is effective against protozoa including Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia. For amoebiasis, metronidazole is used to treat intestinal and invasive forms at doses of 400-800 mg daily for 5-10 days. Tinidazole and secnidazole are alternatives with longer half-lives allowing single or once daily dosing. Diloxanide furoate is also used for mild intestinal amoebiasis. Nitazoxanide is a newer treatment effective against various proto
Antiprotozoal drugs pharmacology zirgham
1. Metronidazole is the most commonly used drug for both intestinal and extra-intestinal amebiasis as it is effective against trophozoites.
2. Other drugs include luminal amebicides like diloxanide furoate, iodoquinol, and paromomycin which are only effective in the lumen.
3. For severe or resistant cases, tissue amebicides like chloroquine or emetine may be used in combination with metronidazole and a luminal drug.
Anti-Amoebic drugs
Entamoebiasis is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It is treated using antiameobic drugs that can be classified as luminal, systemic, or mixed based on where they act in the body. Diloxanide furoate is a luminal antiameobic that acts in the intestinal lumen to prevent infection by destroying trophozoites. Metronidazole is a mixed antiameobic that acts systemically and luminally, making it effective against all forms of amoebiasis. It is the drug of choice for treating symptomatic amoebiasis and works by reducing to an active intermediate that binds to microbial DNA and causes cell damage.
Amebicides.ppt
Amebiasis can be caused by two species of Entamoeba, with E. histolytica causing disease in 10% of cases. It may lead to colitis or liver abscesses. Metronidazole is usually the first-line treatment for intestinal and liver infections as it is effective against the trophozoite form. It is an antibiotic that works by disrupting the DNA of anaerobic bacteria and parasites. Other drugs used include diloxanide furoate or iodoquinol as luminal amebicides, and emetine or dehydroemetine for tissue infections.
Antiamoebic Drugs cfxfxfdzssdgxfdzdsdsDsDsS
This document discusses antiamoebic drugs used to treat protozoal infections caused by Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amebiasis. It describes several classes of antiamoebic drugs including luminal agents that act in the intestine (diloxanide furoate, iodoquinol, paromomycin), systemic agents that act throughout the body (metronidazole, tinidazole, chloroquine), and mixed agents that act both systemically and luminally (metronidazole). For each drug, it provides information on mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, dosages, and adverse effects. The document emphasizes that metron
2221-ANTI-PROTOZOAL DRUGS.ppt
This document discusses anti-protozoal agents. It begins by defining protozoa and explaining why they are difficult to treat. It then covers the major protozoal infections including malaria, amoebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis. The document discusses the different forms protozoa can take and the anti-protozoal drugs used to treat infections caused by flagellated, sporozoan, and amoebic forms. It provides details on commonly used drugs like metronidazole, tinidazole, pentamidine, and diloxanide furoate. In closing, it lists some commonly used treatment regimens for protozoal infections in
drugs used in amoebiasis.ppt
amoebiasis
giardiasis
nitroimidazoles
metronidazole
tinidazole
secnidazole
ornidazole
satranidazole
Anthelmintic and antiamoebic drugs ppt
This document discusses chemotherapy of antihelminthic and antiamoebic drugs. It begins by classifying helminths into roundworms, flatworms, and further classifies those. It then discusses various antihelminthic drugs including mebendazole, albendazole, thiabendazole, praziquantel, pyrantel pamoate, and piperazine citrate. For each drug, it covers mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and uses. The document provides an overview of common antihelminthic drugs and details regarding their properties and applications.
Similar to Amoebiasis dr.v.r.patkar (20)
ANTI AMOEBIC DRUGS ( drugs against amoebic action)
ANTI AMOEBIC DRUGS ( drugs against amoebic action)
More from veerendrapatkar
Systemic antifungal agents
This document discusses systemic antifungal agents. It appears to be a short introduction or title slide for a presentation on antifungal drugs used to treat fungal infections throughout the body. The document provides the name of the presenter, Dr. V R Patkar, but no other details on the content that would have been included.
Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins are a class of antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections. They work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, which is different from how penicillin works. Newer generations of cephalosporins are effective against more types of bacteria, including some penicillin-resistant organisms.
Antimalarial drugs
This document discusses antimalarial drugs, including their classification, mechanisms of action, and uses. It covers several important antimalarial drugs like chloroquine, primaquine, mefloquine, and artemisinins. Chloroquine works by interfering with heme detoxification in plasmodium parasites. Primaquine is used for radical cure of relapsing malaria and also has gametocidal effects. Different antimalarials are used for prophylaxis, treatment of acute attacks, and prevention of relapse, with choices dependent on the plasmodium species and drug resistance patterns. Adverse effects and dosing schedules are also outlined for select antimalarial drugs.
Glaucoma 1 dr v r patkar
Glaucoma is a disease that damages the optic nerve due to increased ocular pressure. There are two main types: open-angle glaucoma which is the most common, and angle-closure glaucoma. Several classes of drugs are used to treat glaucoma including osmotic agents, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, beta-blockers, prostaglandins, mitotics, and alpha-adrenergic agonists. Treatment depends on the type of glaucoma, with osmotic agents, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, beta-blockers, mitotics, and prostaglandins used for open-angle glaucoma and osmotic agents, carbonic anhydrase
Beta blockers 1 dr v r patkar
Beta blockers were first synthesized based on the structure of isoprenaline, though the first two compounds were not used clinically. Propranolol was the first therapeutically successful beta blocker. Beta blockers can be non-selective or selective for beta receptor subtypes 1 or 2. Some have partial agonist activity or inverse agonist activity. Later generation beta blockers also have additional effects like vasodilation, antioxidant activity, or alpha-1 receptor blocking. While initially contraindicated for heart failure, beta blockers are now important in treating heart failure by interrupting the vicious cycle of increased sympathetic tone and cardiac remodeling.
Uti dr v r patkar
This document discusses treatment options for urinary tract infections (UTIs). It covers various classes of antibiotics used including quinolones, beta-lactams, cephalosporins, tetracyclines and others. It recommends that the choice of antibiotic depends on the likely susceptibility of the pathogen, ease of administration, efficacy, safety and cost. Short 3-day courses are often effective for uncomplicated UTIs, while more complicated cases may require longer treatment up to 6 weeks. The duration and choice of antibiotic also depends on factors like pregnancy, diabetes, anatomical abnormalities and resistance patterns in the local area.
sulfonamides and cotrimaxizole dr v r patkar
This document discusses sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole (a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole). It describes their chemistry, classification, antimicrobial spectrum, mechanisms of action, resistance, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and therapeutic uses. Sulfonamides were the first effective antimicrobials against pyogenic meningitis and are derivatives of sulfanilamide. Cotrimoxazole has activity against a broader range of organisms than sulfonamides alone due to their synergistic action. Both are well absorbed orally and widely used for urinary tract, respiratory, and gastrointestinal infections. Adverse effects include rashes, hematuria, and megaloblastic anemia
Pharmacotherapy of st ds dr v r patkar
HIV is a retrovirus that causes AIDS by destroying immune cells, leaving the body vulnerable to infections and diseases. It is an RNA virus that replicates in T4 lymphocytes. Once infected, the virus remains in the body for life, though a person may be symptomless for years. Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhea bacteria, characterized by lesions in the urinary tract mucous membranes. The document discusses the pharmacotherapy of HIV/AIDS and gonorrhea.
Filoviridae
- Filoviruses like Ebola and Marburg viruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates with high fatality rates. Though outbreaks are frequent, the natural reservoir of Ebola virus remains unclear.
- There are five species of Ebola virus (Zaire, Sudan, Reston, Ivory Coast, Bundibugyo) and Marburg virus. Ebola Zaire has the highest fatality rate of up to 90% while E. Reston has not caused death in humans.
- Transmission occurs through contact with bodily fluids of infected humans or animals. There is no approved treatment, though supportive care, vaccination research, and
Chronic diarrhoea & dysentry (final)
Diarrhoea can range from mild to severe and life-threatening. It is defined medically as stool weight over 250g/24h. Diarrhoea can be acute (<2 weeks), prolonged (2 weeks to 2 months), or chronic (>2 months). The causes include bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Common infectious agents are C. jejuni, Shigella, Salmonella, C. difficile, Giardia lamblia, and Entamoeba histolytica. Chronic diarrhoea in immunocompromised patients like those with AIDS can be caused by microsporidia, cryptosporidium, and mycobacterium avium complex.
More from veerendrapatkar (10)
Recently uploaded
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ketone bodies and metabolism-biochemistry
This slide consists of all the topics of ketone . This can be used for exam purpose for writing about Diabetic keto acidosis etc . Thank you
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest VersionREGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
It includes regulation of combination products and medical devices. FDA and industry liaisons.
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
Treat the symptoms of indigestion, heartburn and stomach reflux with the 10 Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India.
Recently uploaded (20)
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
REGULATION FOR COMBINATION PRODUCTS AND MEDICAL DEVICES.pptx
Amoebiasis dr.v.r.patkar
- 1. BY – DR. V.R.Patkar DEPT of PHARMACOLOGY
- 2. Amoebiasis is a common infection of human GIT. The intestinal disease varies from mild abdominal discomfort to diarrhoea to acute fulminating dysentry . AGENT - Pathogenic strains of E. histolytica. Tropozoites live in the colon where they multiply and encyst and the cysts are excreted in stool.
- 3. Stress Malnutrition Alcoholism Corticosteroid therapy Immunodeficiency Alteration of bacterial flora.
- 6. These drugs are useful in infection caused by the anaerobic protozoa Entamoeba histolytica. Other Entamoeba species are generally non-pathogenic. CLASSIFICATION - 1. Tissue amoebicides. 2. Luminal amoebicides.
- 7. A) For both intestineal and extraintestinal amoebiasis- Nitroimisazole : metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole, ornidazole. B) For extraintestinal amoebiasis only Chloroquine.
- 8. A) Amide – diloxanide furoate, nitazoxanide. B) 8-Hyroxyquinolines – quiniodochlor, diiodohyroxyquin. C) Antibiotics – tetracyclins, paromomycin.
- 9. 1. ACUTE AMOEBIC DYSTENTRY – Most cases of amoebic dysentery respond to a single adequate treatment. Tinidazole or metronidazole are the drugs of choice. Adjuvant measures for diarrhoea and abdominal pain may be needed. It should be discontinued as soon as acute symptoms are controlled (2-3 days) and metronidazole started.
- 10. 2. MID INTESTINAL AMOEBIASIS/ ASYMPTOMATIC CYST PASSERS - Nitromidazoles afford rapid symptomatic relief in mildly symptomatic intestinal amoebiasis as well, and are the first line drugs. However they most fail to clear cysts, and the standard practice is to give diloxanide fuorate or another luminal amoebicide, either cocurrently or immediately after.
- 11. 3. AMOEBIC LIVER ABSCESS – It is a serious disease, complete eradication of tropozoites from the liver essential to avoid relapses. Metronidazole or tinidazole arevthe first choice of drugs effective in > 95% cases. Critically ill paitents maybe treated with I.V. metronidazole for the entire course , or at least initially, followed by oral doasing. Large abscess usually take months to resolve, even if all tropozoites are killed. If a big abcess is formed, it maybe aspirated.
- 12. THANK YOU