Chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons were commonly used as refrigerants in the 20th century but were found to deplete the ozone layer. They have since been phased out and replaced by hydrocarbons such as propane and mixtures like R-410A which have lower ozone depletion and global warming potential. Newer refrigerants like R-32 are also being developed and used as more environmentally friendly alternatives.

1. HYDROCARBONS USED AS
REFRIGERANTS
Dept. of Petrochemical technology
Excel College of Engineering and Technology
Done by: Kenzie

2. A refrigerant is a substance or mixture,
usually a fluid used in a refrigerator or in a
heat pump.
Many working fluids have been used for
such purposes., especially fluorocarbons
and chlorofluorocarbons became were
very common in 20th century.
REFRIGERANT

3. ALTERNATINGREFRIGERANTS

4. Types of Refrigerants…

5. As the above CFC and FC were
very harmful in depleting ozone
layer nowadays non-halogenated
hydrocarbons such as propane
were used.
HYDROCARBONS AS
ALTERNATIVES………

6. CFC’s called Freon (R-12) is
used mostly used as
refrigerants in 1990s and
2000s. As it depleted the ozone
layer in 1987 it is banned and
replaced by HCFC’s to remove
the harmful chlorine content
present in CFC’s. Even though
it is less harmful than CFC , the
gases emitted by them have
high GWP.
REFRIGERANTSUSEDUP TO 2000……

8. R-22 gas
*It is a brand of Freon. It is
introduced in replacement of
HCFC’s but due its harmful
green house gases emission
it’s production is stopped in
2010 and it is to banned in
2020 by the United States
Environmental Protection
Agency.
*

9. A gas
contained in a
pink cylinder
named R-410A
REFRIGERANTUSEDFROM2015:

10. R-410A
o It is an azeotropic mixture of difluoro
methane (R-32) and penta fluoromethane (R-
125).
o It is used as a replacement for R-22 in Japan,
Europe and US as residential and commercial
refrigerants.
o The trademarked names were AZ-20,
Fornane 410A.
o It’s brand name is Puron.

11. R-410’s path……

12. R-32 REFRIGERANT…..
 It is a new class of mildly flammable refrigerant
which is the next invention after R-410A.
 It is difluoro methane with low Global Warming
Potential (GWP) , Zero Ozone Depleting
Potential (ODP) and with a relatively low
flammability.
 It is one of the alternating eco-friendly
refrigerant…

13. STRUCTURE OF R-32 GAS:

14. R-600
(iso-butane)
and
R-290
(propane)
Most eco-friendly
refrigerants….

15. R-600 refrigerant…
It is known as CARE10 , is a natural
refrigerant suitable for domestic
refrigeration.
It is a non-toxic gas with very low
GWP and with zero ODP.
The use of this refrigerant is
increasing due to its low impact
towards environment.

16. *

17. It is also called CARE40, as grade
propane , as it is a natural refrigerant
without halogens it has zero GWP and
zero ODP.
The use of this refrigerant is increasing
due to its low environmental impact and
excellent thermodynamic performance.

18. R-290 cylinders…..

20. If you are someone who cares about energy
efficiency and global warming, go for an Air
Conditioner with R-290 or a refrigerator with
R-600A. The more you opt for it, the more the
manufactures will start using them in their
appliances. Hopefully, with the stringent
standards and better advancements in
technology, we will be able to see better
refrigerants in future………
CONCLUSION:

21. REFRIGERATOR

22. ECO-FRIENDLYALTERNATIVES