The Modhera Sun Temple in Gujarat, India follows the Maru-Gurjara style of architecture. It has three main components aligned on an axis: a shrine hall (gudhamandapa) housing the sanctuary (garbhagriha), an outer assembly hall (sabhamandapa), and a sacred reservoir (kunda). The temple complex uses an earthquake resistant locking system and is decorated with religious imagery including figures of Surya, Shiva, Vishnu, and scenes from the Ramayana.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
The Parasurameswara is a small but lavishly decorated temple.It is dated to the 7th Century CE and is one of the oldest temples we will see in Bhubaneswar. The carvings in this temple include narrative reliefs, elaborate decorative motifs, parsva devatas, and much more. In this presentation Vallabha takes us through the highlights of this wonderful example of the "early phase" of the Orissan style.
History of Architecture - Evolution of temples - Indo aryan (North Indian st...Sachith Pagidi
brief introduction about the indo aryan architecture in India and their evolution in the temple architecture styles with examples from different parts of north India and the similarity from chalukyan period
KANDARIYA MAHADEV MANDIR), meaning "the Great God of the Cave", is the largest and most ornate Hindu temple in the medieval temple group found at Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is considered one of the best examples of temples preserved from the medieval period in India. The temple is dedicated to Shiva, in the form of a linga. It was made in 1030 by King Vidhyadhara of Chandela dynasty.
Culture Primary deity Shiva(Mahadeva) Architecture Architectural styles North Indian History and governance Date built circa 1030 Creator King Vidyadhara of the Chandela dynasty
History of Architecture - Evolution of temples - Chalukyan ArchitectureSachith Pagidi
The following gives a brief introduction about the chalukyan architecture and the style they used based on the social context and there adaptation towards the versara style.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
The Parasurameswara is a small but lavishly decorated temple.It is dated to the 7th Century CE and is one of the oldest temples we will see in Bhubaneswar. The carvings in this temple include narrative reliefs, elaborate decorative motifs, parsva devatas, and much more. In this presentation Vallabha takes us through the highlights of this wonderful example of the "early phase" of the Orissan style.
History of Architecture - Evolution of temples - Indo aryan (North Indian st...Sachith Pagidi
brief introduction about the indo aryan architecture in India and their evolution in the temple architecture styles with examples from different parts of north India and the similarity from chalukyan period
KANDARIYA MAHADEV MANDIR), meaning "the Great God of the Cave", is the largest and most ornate Hindu temple in the medieval temple group found at Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is considered one of the best examples of temples preserved from the medieval period in India. The temple is dedicated to Shiva, in the form of a linga. It was made in 1030 by King Vidhyadhara of Chandela dynasty.
Culture Primary deity Shiva(Mahadeva) Architecture Architectural styles North Indian History and governance Date built circa 1030 Creator King Vidyadhara of the Chandela dynasty
History of Architecture - Evolution of temples - Chalukyan ArchitectureSachith Pagidi
The following gives a brief introduction about the chalukyan architecture and the style they used based on the social context and there adaptation towards the versara style.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
It is also called as Dravidian architecture
Dravidian architecture (600AD-100AD) is an architectural idiom in Hindu temple architecture that emerged in the southern part of the India
It consists primarily of Hindu temples where the dominating feature is the high gopura or gatehouse
Majority of the existing structures are located in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana.
A temple consisted of -- Vimanas, Gopurams, Mantapams and Chaultries.
Vimana It is the structure over the garbhagriha or inner sanctum in the Hindu temples of South India and Odisha in East India
A vast gateway, which led to different parts of the temple with pillars the length of its path, was known as the Mandapam-the porch.
A Gopuram or gopura is a monumental entrance tower, usually ornate, at the entrance.
A gopuram is usually a tapering oblong in form with ground-level wooden doors, often richly decorated, providing access.
Choultry is a resting place for travelers, visitors to a site, typically linked to Buddhist, Jain and Hindu temples.
In Southern India five kingdoms and empires stamped their influence on architecture during different times.
history of architecture. IV _ KAILASHNATH TEMPLE.pptxSanobarseher
The Kailasanathar temple, also referred to as the Kailasanatha temple, is a Pallava-era historic Hindu temple in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India. Dedicated to Shiva, it is one of the oldest surviving monuments in Kanchipuram.
DRAVIDIAN TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE
Location in Tamil county known as Dravidadesha, in Sangam Age. The architectural style in this region is said to be Dravidian architecture.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. INTRODUCTION
• The temple is built using the locking system that is said to be
an earthquake resistant method. As in the case of an
earthquake; the structure would shake but not fall.
• The temple complex is built in Maru-Gurjara style (Chaulukya
style).
• The temple complex has three axially aligned components;
the shrine proper (garbhagriha)
in a hall (gudhamandapa),
the outer or assembly hall
(sabhamandapa or rangamandapa)
and a sacred reservoir (kunda).
4. MANDAPAS
• Mandapa- a hall was roofed by a dome which probably rose in
concentric manner. It is supported by eight principal pillars below
arranged in an octagon, four pillars in front of shrine proper and two
each in the recesses of windows and door.
• The Sabhamandapa is not in continuation with gudhamandapa but is
placed little away as a separate structure.
SABHAMANDAPA TORANS INSIDE SABHAMANDAPA
5. VISUALS AND SYMBOLS
• The panels on the Gudhamandapa is decorated with Surya centrally
which indicates that the temple is dedicated to Surya.
• These images wears peculiar West Asian (Persian) boots and belt.
• The other corners and niches are decorated with figures
of Shiva and Vishnu in various forms, Brahma, Nāga and goddesses.
• The depicted scenes
on small flat ceilings and
lintels of sabhamandapa are
from epics like Ramayana.
RELIEF WORK
6. KUNDA
• Kunda, a tank or reservoir is known as Suryakunda.
• It is rectangular. It measures 176 feet
from north to south
and 120 feet from east to west.
• It is paved with stones all around.
• There are four terraces and recessed steps
• Several miniature shrines and niches in
front of terrace-wall have images of gods.
• Step well-
1. The step well `on the
west of Kunda has one
entrance and two
pavilion-towers.
2. It is moderately ornamented.
The door-frame has lotus
and leaves carving.
KUNDA TOP VIEW
ORNAMENTED STEPWELL
7. • Torana -the decorated arches arise
from the lower brackets of the
pillars and touch the lintels in middle.
• Ceiling -The roof was in shape of stepped
pyramid but it no longer exists. It has
numerous floral girdles. It is 23 feet high.
• Pillars –
Short Pillars: Half of the shaft is square in shape.
The square part has floral design. Surmounted by a
capital and a bracket.
Tall Pillars: Arise from square or octagonal base.
It is highly decorated with standing figures and leaves.
