Alcohols and drugs abuse - Seminar
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This document discusses commonly abused drugs including opioids, cannabinoids, and cocaine. Opioids like heroin are obtained from poppy plants and act as depressants that slow body functions. Cannabinoids such as marijuana interact with cannabinoid receptors and are obtained from cannabis plants, affecting the cardiovascular system. Cocaine interferes with dopamine transport in the brain and stimulates the central nervous system, causing euphoria and energy but also potential hallucinations at high doses. Prevention of drug abuse involves avoiding peer pressure, seeking education and counseling, and getting help from professionals and family if needed.
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Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing plant compounds that have physiological effects in humans and animals. They contain heterocyclic rings and can exist as primary, secondary, or tertiary amines. Common alkaloids include nicotine, atropine, and cocaine. In plants, alkaloids serve as defenses against herbivores and may aid growth. They are often crystalline solids that form salts and are soluble in non-polar solvents. Alkaloids have a wide range of pharmacological actions and can be classified based on their ring structures. Important alkaloid-containing plants discussed include belladonna, henbane, coca, and plants yielding quinine. Their biosynthesis often begins with amino acids
Alkaloids
1) Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing plant compounds that are mainly extracted from families like Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, and Liliaceae.
2) They have important pharmacological actions and many modern drugs are derived from plant alkaloids, such as morphine, quinine, and reserpine.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
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Alcohols and drugs abuse - Seminar
- 2. ABUSE
- 3. Commonly abused drugs are OPIOIDS CANNABINOIDS COCA ALKALOIDS
- 4. OPIOIDS Binds to specific opioid receptors in our central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract Heroin (commonly called smack) is obtained from latex of the poppy plant papaver somniferum Heroin is a depressant and slows down body functions
- 5. Cannabinoids Interacts with cannabinoid receptors Natural cannabinoids are obtained from inflorescences of the plant cannabis sativa.The flower tops,leaves and resin of the plant are used in various combinations to produce marijuana,hashish,charas and ganja They effect the cardiovascular system of our body
- 6. COCA ALKALOIDS(COCAINE) Cocaine is obtained from erythroxylum coca it interferes with transport of neuro-transmitter dopamine It ha spotent stimulating action on central nervous system ,producing a sense of euphoria and increased energy.excessive dosage causes hallucinations
- 7. PREVENTION AND CONTROL Avoid undue peer pressure Education and counselling Seeking help from parents and peers Looking for danger signs Seeking professional and medical help