This document summarizes information about alcoholic beverages and alcohol laws. It defines alcoholic beverages as drinks containing 3-40% alcohol. It describes two main classes of alcoholic drinks - fermented beverages like beer, wine, and distilled beverages like vodka, gin and rum. The document then discusses alcohol and religion, various alcohol laws around the world regarding drinking ages, drunk driving limits, and taxation. It provides specific details about alcohol laws in India regarding prohibition in some states, drunk driving limits, and dry days with no alcohol sales.

1. Alcoholic beverages
&
Alcohol Laws
JAGADISH PRASAD MISHRA
ROLL NO-16

2. Alcoholic beverages
An alcoholic beverage is a drink what typically contain 3%-40% alcohol(ethanol).
Alcohol in carbonated beverages is absorbed faster than alcohol in non-carbonated
drinks.
2 classes:-
1.fermented beverages
2.distilled beverages
Fermented beverages:-
produced by fermentation of food grain or fruits
e.g.:-beer, wine, palm wine, tonto, sonti, mead, cider, kilju, chicha etc
Distilled beverages:-
produced by distilling ethanol produced by means of fermenting grains, fruits,
vegetables etc
e.g.:-vodka, gin, tequila, rum, brandy, whisky, soju, baiju etc

3. Contd….
Aperitifs:- alcoholic beverages served before meal to stimulate the appetite
Digestifs:- alcoholic beverages served after meal for improving digestion
Flavoring:- ethanol tastes bitter in raw, so flavoring and coloring may be added
Congeners:- substances produced during fermentation
e.g.:- acetone, acetaldehyde, esters, ethyl acetate etc
Rectified spirits:- (neutral grain spirit) purified by means of rectification
e.g.:- gin
Alcohol concentration(alcohol by volume):- proof/concentration/ABV
no of ml of pure ethanol in 100 ml of beverage/alcohol concentration in
beverage

4. Contd…
Serving measures:-
( neat, up, straight, shooter, cocktail )
shot size:- varies from country to country.
in U.K. 25ml/35ml and multiples(distilled), beer-586ml(pint)
in some 50-60ml. depend on shape and size of glass also
standard drinks(alcohol equivalence):-
drink containing a specified amount of pure alcohol
to quantify alcohol intake
varies from country to country
in U.K.- it is 10ml or 8g of pure alcohol
(25ml distilled beverage contain 10ml of pure alcohol)
in U.S.A.- 0.6 ounce( 18ml or 14g)
Food energy:- 6.93 Kcal per gram of alcohol(5.47 Kcal per ml)

5. Types of alcoholic beverages:-
Fermented beverages:-
Wine- long aging process from grape, barley, palm etc
fruit wines from fruits(plum, apple, cherry)
ABV-9%-16% (Effervescent wine/Champagne-12%-16%)
(barley wine-8%-15%, dessert wine-14%-25%, fortified wine-15%-20%)

6. Contd…
Beer- from grain mash and barley
ABV-2%-12%
Fortified wine(wine + distilled spirit)

7. Contd… ..
Cider:- from apple ABV-2%-8.5%
Toddy- from coconut
Handia/Sonti- from rice

8. Distilled beverages:-
Vodka:- from rye, corn, wheat, potato
ABV-35%-50%
Gin:-from juniper berry ABV-40%-50%

9. Contd…..
Tequila:-from agave juice ABV-32%-60%
Soju:-from rice, barley ABV-17%-45%

10. Contd..
Rum :-from sugarcane juice or molasses ABV-37.5%-80%
Whisky:-from barley, rye, corn, wheat ABV-40%-68%

11. Contd…
Brandy:-from grape ABV-35%-60%

12. Alcohol and Religion
Many religion forbid alcoholic consumption or see
it sinful. Others have allocated a special place for
it.
Allowed in:- Christian, Hinduism
Prohibited/avoided in:-Islam, Buddhism

13. Alcohol and Law
Laws in relation to manufacture, use, influence and sale of alcoholic beverages
Prohibition:-
Some countries forbid alcoholic beverages
Some Muslim majority countries e.g.:- Saudi
Arabia, Libya, Iran, Sudan, Kuwait
Some have forbidden them in past e.g.:-
Finland, Norway, Sweden, U.S.A.
Out right prohibition:-
Drunk driving laws:-
How much alcohol a person can consume before driving a car on road
Permitted blood alcohol content threshold Range:- 0.0%-0.08%( g/dl )
Punishment for violation:- fine, temporary/permanent loss of driver’s
license
Some cases applicable to drunk sailing, drunk bicycling also

14. Drunk driving laws-blood alcohol
content( g/dl )
China:-0.02%
India:-0.03%
Japan:-0.03%
Sri Lanka:-0.06%
Singapore:-0.08%
South Africa:-0.05%
Canada:-0.05-0.08%
Mexico:-0.08%
U.S.A.:-0.08%
Brazil:-0.06%
France :-0.05%
Italy:-0.05-0.08%
Netherland:-0.05%
U.K.:-0.08%
Spain:-0.05%
Australia:-0.05%
Russia:-0.04%

15. Prohibition of drinking alcohol in
public places:-
Prohibited:- India, Pakistan, Spain, Lithuania, Ireland, U.K.,
U.S.A., Chile
Allowed:- Japan, Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden, France,
Germany

16. Legal drinking age:-
Age at which one can consume/purchase alcohol.
Most countries have prescribed a legal drinking age which prohibits the
consumption of alcohol by minors.
Most countries also prohibit the sale of alcohol to minors.
Range:- 0-25 years
U.K. and Singapore are the only countries that have a minimum legal age for
drinking alcohol in private
Highest legal drinking age:- Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Sri
Lanka, Tajikistan, United Arab Emirates, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau,
Solomon Islands, India (certain states), the United States (except U.S. Virgin
Islands and Puerto Rico), Yemen (Aden and Sana'a), Japan, Iceland, Canada
(certain Provinces and Territories), and South Korea(>20 years:20-25 years)

17. Taxation and regulation of production:-
Alcoholic beverages are subject to excise taxes.
Additionally, they fall under different jurisdiction than other consumables
in many countries, with highly specific regulations and licensing on alcohol
content, methods of production, and retail and restaurant sales.
Alcohol tax is an excise tax, and while a demerit tax, is a significant source of
revenue for governments.
In most countries, the commercial production of alcoholic beverages
requires a license from the government, which then levies a tax upon these
beverages.
Restrictions on sale and possession:-
Alcoholic drinks are available only from licensed shops in many
countries, and in some countries, strong alcoholic drinks are sold only
by a government-operated alcohol monopoly.

18. Alcohol laws of india
Mahatma Gandhi identified the consumption of alcohol as a major social evil and
encouraged complete prohibition in India.
With this in mind, the Constitution of India included Article 47 in the Directive Principles of
State Policy, which reads, "The state shall endeavor to bring about prohibition of the use
except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to
health.“
Legal drinking age varies from state to state. Ban in-Gujarat, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland
and union territory of Andaman and Nicobar &Lakshadweep. Range:- 18-25 yr
Drunk driving law:- BAC(blood alcohol content)=0.03% or 30microL alcohol in 100ml blood
Punishment:- 1st offence BAC:-30-60 mg/100ml 6month imprisonment &/ Rs 2000 fine
BAC:-60-150 mg/100ml 1 yr imprisonment &/ Rs 4000 fine
2nd offence(within 3 yrs) 3 yr imprisonment &/ Rs 8000 fine
heavy drunk(BAC>150 mg/100ml) 2yr imprisonment &/ Rs 5000 fine
repeat within 3 yr 4yr imprisonment & Rs 10000 fine + cancellation of license

19. Legal drinking age:-
18 year:-Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Puducherry, Karnataka, Himachal
Pradesh, Goa,
21 year:-Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar,
Chhattisgarh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telengana, Tripura, west Bengal
25 year:-Punjab, Meghalaya, Haryana, Delhi, Chandigarh

20. Contd…
Advertising alcoholic beverages is banned in India as per the Cable Television
Network (Regulation) Amendment Bill, which came into effect on 8 September
2000.
Dry days:-specific days when sale of alcoholic beverages is banned.
e.g.:- independence day, republic day, gandhi jayanti(throughout India) + some
religious festivals/ occasions in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, west Bengal,
Delhi, Maharashtra, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka
Odisha;- The Orissa Excise Bill, 2005 was introduced in the Orissa Legislative
Assembly on 5th April,
2005 and was referred to the Select Committee on the 11th August,2005.
Finally the Select Committee has laid its report along with Bill as amended by the
Select Committee in the floor of Legislative Assembly on 23.2.2008.

21. Breathalyzer
A breathalyzer or breathalyser is a device for estimating blood alcohol
content(BAC) from a breath sample. Breathalyzer is the brand name for the
instrument developed by inventor Robert Frank Borkenstein.
When the user exhales into a breath analyzer,
any ethanol present in breath oxidized to acetic
acid at the anode:
At the cathode, atmospheric oxygen is reduced:
The electrical current produced by this reaction
is measured by a microprocessor, and displayed
as an approximation of overall blood alcohol
content (BAC) by the Alcosensor.
Use:- law enforcement & highway patrol

22. Thank you