Bars provide places for people to consume alcoholic beverages. The term "bar" derives from the barrier that separated customers from alcohol in earlier establishments. Some of the strongest alcoholic drinks in the world include absinthe, Bacardi 151 rum, Kenyan changaa, Everclear grain alcohol, and moonshine. These drinks can cause severe impairment or health effects due to their high alcohol content over 40% ABV in some cases. The most potent drink is Polish Spirytus Rektyfikowany vodka at 96% ABV.
Alcohol has been consumed for millennia and plays an important social role in many cultures. There are typically three classes of alcoholic beverages - beers, wines, and spirits. Beer is made from grains like barley or rice and contains 3-15% alcohol, wine is made from grapes or other fruits and contains 8-17% alcohol, and spirits like vodka or whiskey are distilled and have the highest alcohol content between 15-40%. The document provides details on the production and consumption of various alcoholic drinks around the world made from grains, fruits, vegetables, honey, and other raw materials.
Drinking alcohol has been part of human culture for thousands of years. There is a wide variety of alcoholic beverages that are made from fermenting grains, fruits, vegetables, or other raw materials. These beverages are classified as beers, wines, or distilled spirits depending on their alcohol content and production process. Most countries regulate the legal drinking age and sale of alcoholic drinks.
This document discusses the health risks of alcohol consumption and provides information about different types of alcoholic beverages. It notes that while most Canadians drink alcohol in moderation, excessive drinking can negatively impact health and cause issues like motor vehicle accidents. Both short-term and long-term health effects of alcohol are described, including increased risk of diseases like cancer and brain damage. The document also covers specific alcoholic drinks like beer, vodka, rum, tequila, wine, schnapps, gin, and whisky.
The document discusses various aspects of drinking cultures around the world. It describes how drinks such as tea, coffee and alcoholic beverages have developed important social and cultural roles. It provides details on the history and traditions surrounding different types of drinks, including beer, wine, spirits and mixed beverages. The document also addresses topics like standard drink sizes, social drinking practices, binge drinking and the health effects of alcohol consumption.
Brief Introduction to the world of spirits
History of Vodka
History of Rum
History of Gin
History of Tequila
History of Scotch
History of Bourbon
Everything from distilling spirits to making drinks
Soft drinks were commonly consumed by all individuals. Consumption patterns are influenced by factors like health, status, taste, variety, branding, and advertising. The research focuses on studying the preferences and consumption patterns of different age groups for major soft drink brands in India like Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Thums Up, Limca, and Fanta. The study determines the key factors influencing consumption and identifies alternatives to soft drinks.
The document summarizes information about alcohol, including its classification, production, consumption history, effects on health, and development of abuse and dependence. It discusses three classes of alcoholic beverages, how they are produced, historical patterns of use, acute and chronic health effects, and factors involved in the development of alcohol problems.
Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton and is sold in over 200 countries. It contains carbonated water, sugar, caffeine, phosphoric acid, and caramel color. While studies have shown potential health risks from excessive consumption, including lower nutrient intake and links to osteoporosis, Coca-Cola remains extremely popular with over 1.7 billion drinks consumed daily worldwide.
Alcohol has been consumed for millennia and plays an important social role in many cultures. There are typically three classes of alcoholic beverages - beers, wines, and spirits. Beer is made from grains like barley or rice and contains 3-15% alcohol, wine is made from grapes or other fruits and contains 8-17% alcohol, and spirits like vodka or whiskey are distilled and have the highest alcohol content between 15-40%. The document provides details on the production and consumption of various alcoholic drinks around the world made from grains, fruits, vegetables, honey, and other raw materials.
Drinking alcohol has been part of human culture for thousands of years. There is a wide variety of alcoholic beverages that are made from fermenting grains, fruits, vegetables, or other raw materials. These beverages are classified as beers, wines, or distilled spirits depending on their alcohol content and production process. Most countries regulate the legal drinking age and sale of alcoholic drinks.
This document discusses the health risks of alcohol consumption and provides information about different types of alcoholic beverages. It notes that while most Canadians drink alcohol in moderation, excessive drinking can negatively impact health and cause issues like motor vehicle accidents. Both short-term and long-term health effects of alcohol are described, including increased risk of diseases like cancer and brain damage. The document also covers specific alcoholic drinks like beer, vodka, rum, tequila, wine, schnapps, gin, and whisky.
The document discusses various aspects of drinking cultures around the world. It describes how drinks such as tea, coffee and alcoholic beverages have developed important social and cultural roles. It provides details on the history and traditions surrounding different types of drinks, including beer, wine, spirits and mixed beverages. The document also addresses topics like standard drink sizes, social drinking practices, binge drinking and the health effects of alcohol consumption.
Brief Introduction to the world of spirits
History of Vodka
History of Rum
History of Gin
History of Tequila
History of Scotch
History of Bourbon
Everything from distilling spirits to making drinks
Soft drinks were commonly consumed by all individuals. Consumption patterns are influenced by factors like health, status, taste, variety, branding, and advertising. The research focuses on studying the preferences and consumption patterns of different age groups for major soft drink brands in India like Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Thums Up, Limca, and Fanta. The study determines the key factors influencing consumption and identifies alternatives to soft drinks.
The document summarizes information about alcohol, including its classification, production, consumption history, effects on health, and development of abuse and dependence. It discusses three classes of alcoholic beverages, how they are produced, historical patterns of use, acute and chronic health effects, and factors involved in the development of alcohol problems.
Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton and is sold in over 200 countries. It contains carbonated water, sugar, caffeine, phosphoric acid, and caramel color. While studies have shown potential health risks from excessive consumption, including lower nutrient intake and links to osteoporosis, Coca-Cola remains extremely popular with over 1.7 billion drinks consumed daily worldwide.
Carbonated soft drinks like Coca-Cola and Pepsi contain very small amounts of alcohol, typically less than 0.5% of the total volume, which is considered negligible. This trace alcohol is used to dissolve flavorings and colorings in the drinks. Major soft drink brands carry halal certification since the tiny amount of alcohol does not cause intoxication and is permitted according Islamic law. Carbonation, sweeteners, flavors, and other ingredients are also halal. Therefore, soft drinks are generally considered halal for Muslims to consume.
Many youngsters today are addicted to the cool refreshing beverages, the soft drinks. Recently, Soft drink brands have been put into various questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they contain harmful pesticide, which aroused our interest in knowing its contents because we have been drinking them for so many years. We wanted to confirm whether the accusations on the major soft drink brands are true or not. Hence we took up this project.
This document provides information about different types of alcohol. It begins by defining brandy as a spirit produced by distilling wine. It then discusses various types of brandy including grape brandy, fruit brandy, and pomace brandy. It provides details on production methods such as distillation and aging for different brandies including Cognac, Armagnac, and brandy de Jerez. It also discusses usage of brandy in cooking and cocktails.
This document outlines a presentation on soft drinks. It discusses the history of soft drinks, types of beverages and soft drinks, ingredients in soft drinks like water, sugar, carbon dioxide, acids, and flavors. It describes the manufacturing process of soft drinks which involves clarifying water, mixing ingredients, carbonating the beverage, and filling and packing finished products. It also covers reasons why people drink soda such as taste, availability, marketing, cost and caffeine addiction. Potential health impacts of soft drink consumption are mentioned like obesity, diabetes, tooth decay and bone loss. The document concludes with suggestions to drink soft drinks in moderation.
Alcohol has been consumed by humans for thousands of years, dating back to at least 7000 BC in India and Mesopotamia. It was commonly used for medicinal purposes in the 16th century. By the 18th century, alcoholism had become widespread, leading the US to ban alcohol nationwide in 1920. Today, alcoholism remains a significant problem, as an estimated 15 million Americans suffer from it and 40% of car accidents involve alcohol. Alcohol is classified as a depressant and is absorbed through the stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream. While moderate consumption may provide some heart benefits, alcohol can seriously harm the body's organs and nervous system as well as negatively impact families and lead to legal and social problems
339 Part III Restaurants, Managed Services, and BeveragesChapt.docxgilbertkpeters11344
339 Part III Restaurants, Managed Services, and Beverages
Chapter 9 Beverages 19
A good bartender should understand the effect and the "timing" of a cocktail. It is not a coincidence that many cocktails are categorized by when they are best served. There are aperitifs, digestifs, corpse-revivers, pick-me-ups, and so on. Cocktails can stimulate an appetite or provide the perfect conclusion to a fine meal.
>■ Check Your Knowledge
1. Describe the different types of beer.
2. Describe the various spirits.
Nonalcoholic Beverages
Nonalcoholic beverages are increasing in popularity. In the 1990s and 2000s, a radical shift has occurred from the free love 1960s and the singles bars of the 1970s and early 1980s. People are, in general, more cautious about the consumption of alcohol. Lifestyles have become healthier, and organizations such as Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) have raised the social conscience about responsible alcohol consumption. Overall consumption of alcohol has decreased in recent years, with spirits declining the most.
In recent years, several new beverages have been added to the nonalcoholic beverage list. From Goji juice to passion fruit green tea, the nonalcoholic beverage world has been innovative in creating flavored teas and coffees and an ever-increasing variety of juices to satisfy all our tastes.
Nonalcoholic Beer
Guinness, Anheuser-Busch, and Miller, along with many other brewers, have developed beer products that have the same appearance as regular beer but have a lower calorie content and approximately 95 to 99 percent of the alcohol removed, either after processing or after fermentation. The taste, therefore, is somewhat different from regular beer.
Coffee
Coffee is the drink of the present. People who used to frequent bars are now patronizing coffeehouses. Sales of specialty coffees exceed $4 billion a year. The Specialty Coffee Association of America estimates that there are more than 17,400 coffee cafes nationwide.9
Coffee first came from Ethiopia and Mocha, which is in the Yemen Republic. Legends say that Kaldi, a young Abyssinian goatherd, accustomed to his sleepy goats, noticed that after chewing certain berries, the goats began to prance about excitedly. He tried the berries himself, forgot his troubles, lost his heavy heart, and became the happiest person in "happy Arabia." A monk from a nearby monastery
Chapter 9 Beverages 325
326 Part III Restaurants, Managed Services, and Beverages
326 Part III Restaurants, Managed Services, and Beverages
surprised Kaldi in this state, decided to try the berries too, and invited the brothers to join him. They all felt more alert that night during prayers!10
In the Middle Ages, coffee found its way to Europe via Turkey but not without some objections. In Italy, priests appealed to Pope Clement VIII to have the use of coffee forbidden among Christians. Satan, they said, had forbidden his followers, the infidel Moslems, the use of wine because it was used .
The document provides a history of the soft drink industry in India. It discusses the origins of soft drinks dating back to mineral water found in springs. It outlines the major players in the Indian soft drink market such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Dabur. The document also analyzes consumption trends in India and globally, and compares consumption rates across different countries. It examines the growth and types of soft drinks produced in India as well as trends and developments in the industry.
This document discusses various topics related to alcohol, including:
1. Different types of alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, whiskey, rum, brandy, gin and liqueurs.
2. Health effects of alcohol consumption including alcoholism, alcohol withdrawal, and how alcohol is processed by the body.
3. Social impacts of excessive alcohol use such as increased accidents, crime, and health issues.
4. Treatment and prevention of alcohol dependence and abuse. The challenges of managing problem drinking aboard ships are also covered.
Drinking alcohol can negatively impact health and safety in several ways. Binge drinking, defined as consuming 5 or more drinks for men or 4 or more for women in one sitting, puts people at risk of alcohol poisoning, impaired judgment, and physical and mental health issues. Women are especially at risk since alcohol affects them more strongly given physiological differences. Anyone struggling with binge drinking or concerned for a friend should seek help from a trusted adult.
Energy drinks are beverages that contain caffeine and other stimulants like guarana and ginseng. They provide a short-term boost of energy but also come with risks like a "crash" later, jitters, insomnia, and potential health issues if consumed in large amounts. While some of the additional ingredients in energy drinks are claimed to provide benefits, there is little evidence they have significant physiological effects beyond the caffeine. The history of energy drinks dates back centuries to indigenous cultures using caffeinated beverages, and several popular brands from different countries in the late 20th century helped establish the commercial energy drink market that continues growing today.
Alcohol is an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Ethanol is the main alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. In chemistry, an alcohol contains a hydroxyl functional group bonded to a carbon atom. Ethanol is widely used as an industrial solvent and fuel, and is the main content of alcoholic drinks. Alcohol is classified as a depressant drug that impairs functions like speech, movement, perception and reaction time at higher doses.
Our ancestors acquired the ability to digest alcohol around 10 million years ago, allowing early humans to take advantage of overripe, fermented fruit as a food source with few competitors. This study found that the ADH4 enzyme, which breaks down alcohol in the gut, evolved to be around 40 times more effective at clearing alcohol in humans, chimpanzees and gorillas than in more primitive species. While ADH4 helped early humans utilize alcohol as a resource, today it leaves humans susceptible to the negative effects of excessive alcohol consumption.
This document provides information about caffeine, alcohol, and smoking. It defines caffeine and describes its effects. It defines alcohol and describes its types, symptoms, and differences between young people and adults. It also describes the symptoms and effects of alcohol dependence. It defines smoking and describes its short term and long term health effects. It provides images related to the negative effects of these substances and lists some websites with additional information.
For those who are barflies, you may be so familiar with bar drinks that when hearing of a drink you can immediately know what kind of drink it is. For those, who are new to bar and seem to be overwhelmed with the great collection of drinks here, getting some basic knowledge about bar drinks will help you much with both enjoying the great bar atmosphere and its cool beverage.
Contact us at https://goasiadaytrip.com for more efficient and timely support
The Red Wine Debate - Is it Good For You or Not?KandRsmiles
There are many contradicting studies concerning red wine and its impact on oral health. One side insists that red wine is great for your teeth, and the other says different. Here, we condense those findings into an easily comparable format.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Carbonated soft drinks like Coca-Cola and Pepsi contain very small amounts of alcohol, typically less than 0.5% of the total volume, which is considered negligible. This trace alcohol is used to dissolve flavorings and colorings in the drinks. Major soft drink brands carry halal certification since the tiny amount of alcohol does not cause intoxication and is permitted according Islamic law. Carbonation, sweeteners, flavors, and other ingredients are also halal. Therefore, soft drinks are generally considered halal for Muslims to consume.
Many youngsters today are addicted to the cool refreshing beverages, the soft drinks. Recently, Soft drink brands have been put into various questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they contain harmful pesticide, which aroused our interest in knowing its contents because we have been drinking them for so many years. We wanted to confirm whether the accusations on the major soft drink brands are true or not. Hence we took up this project.
This document provides information about different types of alcohol. It begins by defining brandy as a spirit produced by distilling wine. It then discusses various types of brandy including grape brandy, fruit brandy, and pomace brandy. It provides details on production methods such as distillation and aging for different brandies including Cognac, Armagnac, and brandy de Jerez. It also discusses usage of brandy in cooking and cocktails.
This document outlines a presentation on soft drinks. It discusses the history of soft drinks, types of beverages and soft drinks, ingredients in soft drinks like water, sugar, carbon dioxide, acids, and flavors. It describes the manufacturing process of soft drinks which involves clarifying water, mixing ingredients, carbonating the beverage, and filling and packing finished products. It also covers reasons why people drink soda such as taste, availability, marketing, cost and caffeine addiction. Potential health impacts of soft drink consumption are mentioned like obesity, diabetes, tooth decay and bone loss. The document concludes with suggestions to drink soft drinks in moderation.
Alcohol has been consumed by humans for thousands of years, dating back to at least 7000 BC in India and Mesopotamia. It was commonly used for medicinal purposes in the 16th century. By the 18th century, alcoholism had become widespread, leading the US to ban alcohol nationwide in 1920. Today, alcoholism remains a significant problem, as an estimated 15 million Americans suffer from it and 40% of car accidents involve alcohol. Alcohol is classified as a depressant and is absorbed through the stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream. While moderate consumption may provide some heart benefits, alcohol can seriously harm the body's organs and nervous system as well as negatively impact families and lead to legal and social problems
339 Part III Restaurants, Managed Services, and BeveragesChapt.docxgilbertkpeters11344
339 Part III Restaurants, Managed Services, and Beverages
Chapter 9 Beverages 19
A good bartender should understand the effect and the "timing" of a cocktail. It is not a coincidence that many cocktails are categorized by when they are best served. There are aperitifs, digestifs, corpse-revivers, pick-me-ups, and so on. Cocktails can stimulate an appetite or provide the perfect conclusion to a fine meal.
>■ Check Your Knowledge
1. Describe the different types of beer.
2. Describe the various spirits.
Nonalcoholic Beverages
Nonalcoholic beverages are increasing in popularity. In the 1990s and 2000s, a radical shift has occurred from the free love 1960s and the singles bars of the 1970s and early 1980s. People are, in general, more cautious about the consumption of alcohol. Lifestyles have become healthier, and organizations such as Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) have raised the social conscience about responsible alcohol consumption. Overall consumption of alcohol has decreased in recent years, with spirits declining the most.
In recent years, several new beverages have been added to the nonalcoholic beverage list. From Goji juice to passion fruit green tea, the nonalcoholic beverage world has been innovative in creating flavored teas and coffees and an ever-increasing variety of juices to satisfy all our tastes.
Nonalcoholic Beer
Guinness, Anheuser-Busch, and Miller, along with many other brewers, have developed beer products that have the same appearance as regular beer but have a lower calorie content and approximately 95 to 99 percent of the alcohol removed, either after processing or after fermentation. The taste, therefore, is somewhat different from regular beer.
Coffee
Coffee is the drink of the present. People who used to frequent bars are now patronizing coffeehouses. Sales of specialty coffees exceed $4 billion a year. The Specialty Coffee Association of America estimates that there are more than 17,400 coffee cafes nationwide.9
Coffee first came from Ethiopia and Mocha, which is in the Yemen Republic. Legends say that Kaldi, a young Abyssinian goatherd, accustomed to his sleepy goats, noticed that after chewing certain berries, the goats began to prance about excitedly. He tried the berries himself, forgot his troubles, lost his heavy heart, and became the happiest person in "happy Arabia." A monk from a nearby monastery
Chapter 9 Beverages 325
326 Part III Restaurants, Managed Services, and Beverages
326 Part III Restaurants, Managed Services, and Beverages
surprised Kaldi in this state, decided to try the berries too, and invited the brothers to join him. They all felt more alert that night during prayers!10
In the Middle Ages, coffee found its way to Europe via Turkey but not without some objections. In Italy, priests appealed to Pope Clement VIII to have the use of coffee forbidden among Christians. Satan, they said, had forbidden his followers, the infidel Moslems, the use of wine because it was used .
The document provides a history of the soft drink industry in India. It discusses the origins of soft drinks dating back to mineral water found in springs. It outlines the major players in the Indian soft drink market such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Dabur. The document also analyzes consumption trends in India and globally, and compares consumption rates across different countries. It examines the growth and types of soft drinks produced in India as well as trends and developments in the industry.
This document discusses various topics related to alcohol, including:
1. Different types of alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, whiskey, rum, brandy, gin and liqueurs.
2. Health effects of alcohol consumption including alcoholism, alcohol withdrawal, and how alcohol is processed by the body.
3. Social impacts of excessive alcohol use such as increased accidents, crime, and health issues.
4. Treatment and prevention of alcohol dependence and abuse. The challenges of managing problem drinking aboard ships are also covered.
Drinking alcohol can negatively impact health and safety in several ways. Binge drinking, defined as consuming 5 or more drinks for men or 4 or more for women in one sitting, puts people at risk of alcohol poisoning, impaired judgment, and physical and mental health issues. Women are especially at risk since alcohol affects them more strongly given physiological differences. Anyone struggling with binge drinking or concerned for a friend should seek help from a trusted adult.
Energy drinks are beverages that contain caffeine and other stimulants like guarana and ginseng. They provide a short-term boost of energy but also come with risks like a "crash" later, jitters, insomnia, and potential health issues if consumed in large amounts. While some of the additional ingredients in energy drinks are claimed to provide benefits, there is little evidence they have significant physiological effects beyond the caffeine. The history of energy drinks dates back centuries to indigenous cultures using caffeinated beverages, and several popular brands from different countries in the late 20th century helped establish the commercial energy drink market that continues growing today.
Alcohol is an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Ethanol is the main alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. In chemistry, an alcohol contains a hydroxyl functional group bonded to a carbon atom. Ethanol is widely used as an industrial solvent and fuel, and is the main content of alcoholic drinks. Alcohol is classified as a depressant drug that impairs functions like speech, movement, perception and reaction time at higher doses.
Our ancestors acquired the ability to digest alcohol around 10 million years ago, allowing early humans to take advantage of overripe, fermented fruit as a food source with few competitors. This study found that the ADH4 enzyme, which breaks down alcohol in the gut, evolved to be around 40 times more effective at clearing alcohol in humans, chimpanzees and gorillas than in more primitive species. While ADH4 helped early humans utilize alcohol as a resource, today it leaves humans susceptible to the negative effects of excessive alcohol consumption.
This document provides information about caffeine, alcohol, and smoking. It defines caffeine and describes its effects. It defines alcohol and describes its types, symptoms, and differences between young people and adults. It also describes the symptoms and effects of alcohol dependence. It defines smoking and describes its short term and long term health effects. It provides images related to the negative effects of these substances and lists some websites with additional information.
For those who are barflies, you may be so familiar with bar drinks that when hearing of a drink you can immediately know what kind of drink it is. For those, who are new to bar and seem to be overwhelmed with the great collection of drinks here, getting some basic knowledge about bar drinks will help you much with both enjoying the great bar atmosphere and its cool beverage.
Contact us at https://goasiadaytrip.com for more efficient and timely support
The Red Wine Debate - Is it Good For You or Not?KandRsmiles
There are many contradicting studies concerning red wine and its impact on oral health. One side insists that red wine is great for your teeth, and the other says different. Here, we condense those findings into an easily comparable format.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
1. Why a bar is called a bar?
Image result
The term derives from the metal or wooden bar (barrier) that is often
located along the length of the "bar". Over many years, heights of bars
were lowered, and high stools added, and the brass bar remains
today. Bars provide stools or chairs that are placed at tables or
counters for their patrons
2. What is the purpose of a bar?
Image result
Bars, by definition, are the places where people go to consume numerous
alcoholic beverages. The primary objective of bars is to provide you with as
many different alcoholic drinks or liquors as possible. They also offer snacks
like chips or nuts to eat, and some may even provide food from a dinner
menu.
3. Top 10 Strongest Alcohol in the World
While the dangers of alcohol abuse are well-known, statistics show that
alcohol consumption continues to rise. As reported by the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, 10,000 people die every year due to
drunk driving accidents in the U.S.
As we mentioned, no alcoholic beverage is considered to be safe, but
drinks like beer, hard ciders, and wine tend to be lower in alcohol
content, and intoxication is therefore considered to be easier to avoid. In
contrast, there are plenty of strong alcoholic beverages that contain high
levels of alcohol and can cause severe impairment in small amounts.
4. Absinthe
Commonly referred to as the “green fairy,” absinthe was banned in
the U.S. from 1915 to 2007. Absinthe got its nickname from the
hallucinations and other perception-impairing side effects it
produces.
Trace amounts of the chemical thujone were thought to be
responsible for absinthe hallucinations, during which users reported
seeing a small green fairy, hence the nickname. However, with
further research, the appearance of the green fairy was discovered
to be exaggerated, although the disruption in users’ perception was
very real.
Absinthe is typically produced as a 90 to 146-proof liquor, while 12
ounces of beer contains about 10 proof or 5 percent of alcohol, and
5 ounces of wine contains 24 proof or 12 percent of alcohol. As you
can see, absinthe contains significantly higher concentrations of
alcohol than the average drink.
5. Bacardi 151
Bacardi 151 was a highly alcoholic rum that was discontinued
in 2016. It was named after its alcohol content – a level of 151
proof, or 75.5 percent of alcohol by volume.
Typical rum usually contains around 35% to 40% of alcohol by
volume, which, although high, is significantly lower than
Bacardi 151’s alcohol percentage. Not only did this high
concentration make this drink stronger, but it also made it
more flammable.
As a result, Bacardi 151 was often used in drinking involving
fire, such as “flaming shots.” The drink’s flammability was so
high that Bacardi 151 bottles came with warning labels
advising against using the drink for any fire-related drinks.
Despite the warning label, Bacardi 151 was banned for its high
alcohol content and flammability.
6. Changaa
Changaa, or Chang’aa, is an alcoholic drink that comes from Kenya and
translates to “kill me quick.” This is a popular and traditional home-
brewed spirit in Kenya.
This drink is extremely potent and made by fermenting and distilling the
grains millet, maize, and sorghum. Changaa was illegal for many years
in Kenya until the ban was lifted in 2010.
The alcohol content of Changaa ranges from 28.3% to 56.7% of alcohol
per volume. Also known as the “poison brew,” Changaa is known for
producing adverse side effects like blindness, intoxication, and more.
[Text Wrapping Break]It’s also been linked to numerous deaths in
Kenya. This is due in part to the fact that Changaa is sometimes mixed
with other toxic substances like jet fuel and battery acid. The water used
to make Changaa is also often full of bacteria, dirt, and other harmful
toxins, even in breweries. [Text Wrapping Break]
7. Everclear
Everclean is a grain alcohol that’s usually sold in 190 proof, double the
alcohol content of most liquors, which usually sit at 80 proof or contain
40% of alcohol. Due to the adverse effects linked to Everclear’s high
alcohol content, some U.S. states have prohibited the sale of 190-proof
liquor, including California, Florida, Washington, North Carolina, Maine,
New York, Nevada, Massachusetts, Hawaii, Iowa, Michigan, Ohio, New
Hampshire, and Minnesota.
In response, Luxco, the manufacturer of Everclear, began to distribute
189 proof Everclear to bypass these laws. Additionally, because this
drink is undiluted and contains 92.4% pure ethanol (alcohol), it’s also
used as a household cleaner and disinfectant.
To give you an even better idea of why Everclear made it to the list of
hardest alcohols, a cocktail containing one or two shots of the drink
would be enough for a person to reach extreme intoxication.
8. Death in the Afternoon
The name speaks for itself. Also called “The Hemingway,” Death
in the Afternoon was created by well-known writer Ernest
Hemingway. While the book of the same name is celebrated for
its description of bullfighting, the drink is a whole other subject.
The drink, Death in the Afternoon, is a dangerous cocktail
created by Hemingway that’s made of absinthe and champagne.
This drink first appeared in So Red the Nose or - Breath
in the Afternoon, a 1935 book of cocktail recipes from 30
famous authors.
Considering that absinthe was especially popular in Europe, it’s
understandable why it’s believed that Hemingway invented the
drink after he tried absinthe in Paris. It’s also important to know
that Hemingway was a prolific drinker and, considering his
written advice about drinking four to five Death in The
Afternoon’s slowly in one day, we can safely say that this is a
not-so-safe drinking habit.
9. Four Lokos
A Four Loko is a malt beverage and the most accessible among
these strong alcoholic drinks. Usually found at gas stations or
convenience stores, Four Lokos were temporarily banned in several
U.S. states when it was first released due to the combination of
alcohol and caffeine it contained.
At the time, many argued that marketing for this drink was deceitful in
its appearance and made younger populations believe it was an
energy drink. In response, the company removed caffeine from Four
Loko’s ingredients in 2010.
One Four Loko contains the equivalent of six standard servings of
alcohol. The University Health Services Director at Harvard University
urged the public to be especially cautious about this particular
drink.
10. Jungle Juice
Jungle Juice is more of an idea rather than a
legitimate recipe. A common jungle juice recipe is to
mix various liquors with fruit juice like Hawaiian
Punch.
Jungle Juice is generally a beverage that’s high in
sugar as well as alcohol, which can have various
harmful side effects. In addition to alcohol’s adverse
effects, consuming high amounts of sugar can also
cause problems like high blood pressure,
inflammation, weight gain, fatty liver disease,
diabetes, and more.
The intense sweetness of Jungle Juice can also
mask the high level of alcohol in the drink, which can
enable consumers to drink more alcohol than is safe,
which could result in alcohol poisoning.
11. Knockeen Hills
Knockeen Hills is next on our list of most dangerous
alcohol drinks. This one is an Irish spirit that’s called
poitín, which contains 40 to 90% ABV. 180 proof
Former common names for poitín were Irish
Moonshine and Mountain Dew. Eventually,
Knockeen Hills, a family-owned business, created a
similar spirit in 1996.
Interestingly, like moonshine in the U.S., poitín was
made illegally for years. The drink was even banned
as early as the 1660s due to its high concentration
level.
12. Moonshine
Speaking of moonshine, it’s one of the most well-known and dangerous
alcoholic drinks on our list. The name of this drink is derived from the
time of day it’s commonly produced to avoid legal detection: nighttime.
Although states have lifted moonshine bans throughout the years, it’s
still illegal to brew this liquor within a personal residence. Although
strictly controlled and containing less alcohol than Prohibition-era
moonshine (63 proof to 190 alcohol proof), moonshine today contains
60 to 120 proof, which is still a lot of alcohol.
Additionally, while it’s strictly controlled in the U.S., commercial
moonshine still has a high alcohol concentration, and illicitly
manufactured moonshine is still prevalent and remains very dangerous
as the alcohol content, as well as production, are not strictly monitored.
In fact, many people experience problems like moonshine
blindness and methanol poisoning from toxic batches.
13. Spirytus Rektyfikowany
Spirytus Rektyfikowany is a type of
vodka that originates from Poland. This
is a rectified spirit with an astonishing
96% ABV,190 proof which is even higher
than Everclear’s ABV. Even so, Spirytus
Rektyfikowany continues to be used as
a mixer and as a base for various
drinks.