This document discusses alcohol, including what it is, moderation versus binge drinking, potential short-term and long-term effects of alcohol abuse, how alcohol is processed by the body, and signs of alcohol poisoning. It defines a standard drink and explains that beer, wine, and liquor all contain alcohol. It notes health, social, legal, and other risks of binge drinking and lists physical effects that may occur from alcohol abuse like blackouts, assaults, car accidents, and death.
Alcohol
ALCOHOL INTAKE
Rakkan Fagirah
Alcohol Beverages
Beer: is a mild intoxicant brewed by a mixture of grains and usually has 3-6% alcohol by volume.
Ales and Malt Liquor: They are also made by grains and similar to beer usually contains 6-8% per volume
Wines: It is made by fermenting the juice of fruits. And it has 9-14% per volume.
Hard Liquor: it is made by distilling fermented or brewed grains or other plants. Usually contains about 35-50%
Concentration of Alcohol
The concentration of Alcohol is indicated by it is Proof Value: which amounts to two times the percentage concentration. So if the beverage has an 80 proof, then it contains 40% alcohol by volume. So two ounces of an 80 proof Vodka it contains 80% alcohol.
Standard vs Actual Servings
The term one drink or a standard drink refers to a drink with an amount of 0.6 ounce of alcohol.
12-ounce bottle of beer.
8-ounce Malt liquor
5-ounce glass of a wine.
1.5-ounce shot of liquor.
Even though this is the standard servings size people tend to drink way more than that.
Calories content
Alcohol provides 7 calories per gram.
In a typical one drink there is 100-120 calories.
In regular beer there is 150 calories.
Light beer contains 100 calories.
5-ounce glass of wine contains 100 calories
3-ounce of Margarita contains 157 calories
6-Ounce of rum and coke contains about 180 calories
Absorption of Alcohol
When Alcohol ingested 20% of it is absorbed from the stomach.
75% is absorbed through the stomach and the upper part of the small Intestine
The rest is absorbed from the GI (Gastrointestinal)
The rate of absorption is affected by various factors:
Carbonation increases the rate.
Artificial sweeteners have the same affect
Food slows the rate absorption
Drinking high concentrated drinks also slows the rate of absorption
Alcohol Metabolism
Alcohol Metabolizes, transfers into usable and waste parts mainly in the liver.
Small amount of alcohol is metabolized in the stomach
2-10% of the alcohol excreted unchanged by the lungs, kidneys, and sweat glands.
Excreted alcohol causes the telltale to smell on a drinker’s breath and it is the basis analysis of a person’s breath and urine to tests the alcohol levels.
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
BAC: is the ratio of alcohol in a person’s blood by weight, or the percentage of alcohol measured in deciliter of blood.
It is affected by metabolizes 0.3 ounce of alcohol per hour.
The rate of alcohol metabolism is determined by genetic factors
and drinking behavior.
Although the rate of absorption can be affected by many factors the rate of Metabolism cannot be slowed.
A person can lower the rate of the BAC only by drinking over long period of time.
How to calculate BAC
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1C3TFjAGMVI
ALCOHOL AND HEALTH
Immediate and Long term affects
Mohammed Bantalal
Immediate affects
Low concentration:
It happens at a BAC of 0.03-0.05%:
Light Headedness
Relaxation
Release of inhib.
Reviews the effects of alcohol, binge drinking, signs of alcohol poisoning, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and other effects. Continuing Education for mental health and substance abuse counselors and therapists.
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2. What is Alcohol? Beer, wine, and hard liquor (distilled spirits) all contain alcohol. The following common alcoholic drinks contain equal amounts of alcohol and are often referred to as a drink or a standard drink: 12oz of beer or wine cooler 5oz of wine 1.5oz of 80 proof liquor Proof is the amount of alcohol in hard liquor or distilled spirits. The percentage of pure alcohol in the hard liquor is usually one-half the proof. For example, a 100-proof liquor is about 50% pure alcohol. Thus, the higher the proof, the more pure alcohol the hard liquor contains.
3. Moderation vs Bingeing Moderation is: 1 drink a day for women 21 and older 2 drinks a day for men 21 and older Bingeing is: 4 drinks in close succession for women 5 drinks in close succession for men
4. If I abuse alcohol what might happen… School problems, such as higher absence and poor or failing grades. Social problems, such as fighting and lack of participation in youth activities. Legal problems, such as arrest for driving or physically hurting someone while drunk. Physical problems, such as hangovers or illnesses. Unwanted, unplanned, and unprotected sexual activity. Disruption of normal growth and sexual development.
5. Physical and sexual assault. Higher risk for suicide and homicide. Alcohol-related car crashes and other unintentional injuries, such as burns, falls, and drowning. Memory problems. Abuse of other drugs. Changes in brain development that may have life-long effects. Death from alcohol poisoning.
6. What happens to alcohol in my body? When alcohol is swallowed, it travels to the stomach and the small intestine. The alcohol is absorbed through the lining of the stomach and intestine and passes into the bloodstream. The alcohol is carried in the blood to other parts of the body. The highest concentrations of alcohol are found in the brain, liver, heart, kidneys and muscles.
7. Most of the alcohol a person drinks is metabolized (broken down) by the liver. But it can only break down about 8g of alcohol an hour in an average adult - that's around 1 unit of alcohol (one standard drink) an hour. Around 90 to 98% of alcohol is broken down by the body. Up to 5% is eliminated via the kidneys in urine. The rest leaves the body in sweat, breath and saliva (and in the breast milk of breast-feeding mothers).
8. Immediate Short Term Effects Decrease in inhibition which leads to poor judgment Slurred speech Dizziness Poor coordination Nausea Vomiting
9. Long term effects Increased activity in the liver causes cell death and hardening of the tissue= Cirrhosis Brain cells die= reducing brain mass Stomach and intestinal ulcers Increase in blood pressure
10. Withdrawal from long term abuse Severe anxiety Tremors Hallucinations Convulsions
11. Alcohol Poisoning Signs Mental confusion Vomiting Slow breathing (less than 8 a minute) Hypothermia- bluish pale skin If untreated Choke on vomit Stop breathing Heat beat stops Too little blood sugar leads to seizures
