Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amine and carboxyl functional groups and a side chain. There are 20 standard amino acids that appear in the genetic code. Amino acids can be classified as hydrophobic/hydrophilic, acidic/basic/neutral, and alpha/beta/gamma/delta based on their structure and properties. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are essential for many important functions in the body. Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through diet, while nonessential amino acids can be produced. Complete proteins that contain all essential amino acids include meat, seafood, poultry, eggs, and dairy.

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2. 1. Introduction
2. Classification of Amino acids
3. Function of Amino acids
4. Rule of amino Acids

3. What is Amino Acids
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-
COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group).
 About 500 naturally occurring amino acids are known (though only 20 appear
in the genetic code) and can be classified in many ways.
Structure of Amino acid

4. 1.alanine - ala - A
2.arginine - arg - R
3.asparagine - asn - N
4.aspartic acid - asp - D
5.cysteine - cys - C
6.glutamine - gln - Q
7.glutamic acid - glu - E
8.glycine - gly - G
9.histidine - his - H
10.isoleucine - ile - I

5. 11.leucine - leu - L
12.lysine - lys - K
13.methionine - met - M
14.phenylalanine - phe - F
15.proline - pro - P
16.serine - ser - S
17.threonine - thr - T
18.tryptophan - trp - W
19.tyrosine - tyr - Y
20.valine - val - V

6. a) Based on the nature of Amino acids
Hydrophobic
(Non Polar)
Hydrophilic
(Polar)

7. b) Based on pH:-
They are classified as
A) Acidic Amino Acids
Their side chains have carboxylic acid groups whose pKa's are low enough to
lose protons, becoming negatively charged in the process.

8. B) Basic Amino Acids
. Their pKa's are high enough that they tend to bind protons, gaining a positive
charge in the process.

9. C) Neutral Amino Acids

10. c) Based on the core structural functional group
They can be classified according to the core structural functional groups' locations
as alpha- (α-), beta- (β-), gamma- (γ-) or delta- (δ-) amino acids.
α- amino acids:-
alpha-amino-acid. Noun. (plural alpha-amino acids) (biochemistry) Any amino
acid that has the amino and carboxylic functional groups attached to the same
carbon atom; especially those amino acids that occur naturally as peptides and
proteins.
β- amino acids
A beta amino acid is the one where the amino group of -NH2 is attached to the
secondary carbon rather than the Alpha carbon.
γ-amino acids
A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon
atom at the position γ to the carboxy group.

12. An essential amino acid,
or indispensable amino acid, is
an amino acid that cannot
be synthesized de novo (from
scratch) by the organism at a
rate commensurate with its
demand, and thus must be
supplied in its diet.
Essential
Conditionally
essential[3][4] Non-essential
Histidine (H) Arginine (R) Alanine (A)
Isoleucine (I) Cysteine (C) Aspartic acid (D)
Leucine (L) Glutamine (Q) Asparagine (N)
Lysine (K) Glycine (G) Glutamic acid (E)
Methionine (M) Proline (P) Serine (S)
Phenylalanine (F
)
Tyrosine (Y) Selenocysteine (U)
Threonine (T) Pyrrolysine* (O)
Tryptophan (W)
Valine (V)
 nonessential: An amino
acid that can be made by
humans and so is
not essential to the human diet.
There are 11 nonessential amino
acids:

13. Function of Amino Acids
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
All of these 3 amino acids are
called branched chain amino acid
(BCAAs). They perform the
important functions of increasing
proteins and serving as an energy
source during exercise.
Alanine
It is an important amino acid as an
energy source for the liver.
Arginine
It is an amino acid needed to
maintain normal functions of
blood vessels and other organs.
Glutamine
It is an amino acid needed to maintain
normal functions of the
gastrointestinal tract and muscles.
Lysine
It is a representative essential amino acid
and tends to be insufficient when we are
on a bread- or rice-centered diet.

14. Aspartic acid
It is contained in asparagus in large amounts. It is a
fast-acting energy source.
Glutamate
It is contained in wheat and soybean in large
amounts. It is a fast-acting energy source.
Proline
It is the main component of "collagen" which
constitutes the skin and other tissues. It
serves as a fast-acting energy source.
Cysteine Cysteine is easy to be deficient in the infants.
Threonine
It is an essential amino acid which is used to form
active sites of enzymes.
Methionine
It is an essential amino acid which is used to
produce various substances needed in the body.

15. Histidine
It is an essential amino acid which is used to
produce histamine and others.
Phenylalanine
It is an essential amino acid which is used to
produce various useful amines.
Tyrosine
It is used to produce various useful amines and is
sometimes called aromatic amino acid together
with phenylalanine and tryptophan.
Tryptophan
It is an essential amino acid which is used to
produce various useful amines.
Asparagine
It is an amino acid which is located close to the
TCA cycle (place of energy generation) together
with aspartic acid.
Glycine
It is used to produce
glutathione and porphyrin, a
component of hemoglobin.
Serine
It is used to produce phospholipids and glyceric
acid.

16. The US recommended daily allowances per 2.2 pounds (1 kg) of body weight for the
nine essential amino acids are (29):
Histidine: 14 mg
Isoleucine: 19 mg
Leucine: 42 mg
Lysine: 38 mg
Methionine (+ the non-essential amino acid cysteine): 19 mg
Phenylalanine (+ the non-essential amino acid tyrosine): 33 mg
Threonine: 20 mg
Tryptophan: 5 mg
Valine: 24 mg
Foods that contain all nine essential amino acids are referred to
as complete proteins.
Complete protein sources include:
Meat
Seafood
Poultry
Eggs
Dairy Products

17. 1.May Help Improve Mood and Sleep.
2.Can Boost Exercise Performance.
3.Can Prevent Muscle Loss
4.May Promote Weight Loss