This document provides an overview of Indian Standards related to fire and electrical safety. It discusses safety provisions in the Indian Constitution to ensure safe working conditions. It notes that fires often result from electrical sources and cause many deaths annually in India. The Bureau of Indian Standards has committees that develop standards for firefighting equipment and building fire safety. Key aspects covered include fire prevention, life safety, and fire protection requirements. The National Building Code of India also establishes classification and guidelines for different building occupancies. Electrical safety standards and the National Electrical Code are discussed along with electrical accident statistics and hazards.
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This document discusses the design of an eco-friendly system to monitor vehicle emissions. The system would use sensors to measure levels of harmful gases in a vehicle's exhaust, like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and oxygen. It would display the emission levels to the driver using an OLED display to increase awareness of engine health and emissions. For high emission levels, the system could cut off the vehicle's ignition using a controller. The document reviews different sensor technologies that could be used to monitor the key gases and aims to help reduce environmental pollution from vehicle emissions.
The National Building Code of India deals with building design features that enhance life and fire safety. It provides detailed requirements for ensuring adequate means of exit in case of fire, limiting building heights and occupancy based on safety, and requiring fire protection systems appropriate to the hazards. The code aims to balance safety with practical usability and flexibility in building design. It classifies buildings by use and specifies minimum fire safety standards for each class. Key aspects covered include exit arrangements, fire detection and warning systems, firefighting equipment, and compartmentation to limit fire spread.
The document discusses fire and safety management in business continuity. It begins with an overview of business continuity management (BCM) and identifies potential impacts and provides a framework for continuity management. The presentation discusses requirements for fire prevention and protection according to the National Building Code of India 2005 and the Maharashtra Fire Prevention and Life Safety Measures Act of 2006. It outlines the classification of buildings, requirements for fire zones, construction types, fire prevention measures, life safety measures, minimum firefighting installations, and passive fire protection. The presentation emphasizes adopting a techno-legal regime for enforcement by integrating the National Building Code into building regulatory documents to improve disaster resistance and protection of people and property.
This document provides commentary on the National Building Code of India Part 4 related to Fire and Life Safety.
It begins with an overview of the contents and key points covered in the Foreword section of the NBC including minimizing danger to life and property from fire through an integrated approach. Fire protection techniques should be based on characteristics of building materials and elements.
The commentary then reviews terminology definitions in the NBC such as for automatic fire detection and alarm systems, automatic sprinkler systems, exit, exit access, exit discharge, and more. It provides explanations of these important fire and life safety related terms.
The document concludes with noting that the commentary is based on analyzing the final revised version of NBC Part 4 that was sent for
ISO has published over 19,500 international standards covering technology and business since being founded in 1947. ISO technical committee 92 focuses on fire safety standards and is divided into subcommittees addressing fire initiation, containment, threats, and engineering. Examples of ISO fire safety standards include standards on fire safety vocabulary, fire risk assessment methodology, fire modeling techniques, and fire protection system requirements. The presentation provided an overview of the history of fire safety legislation and standardization efforts as well as examples of specific ISO fire safety standards.
T. Srilatha, 2021. Detection of Hazardous Gases Using the Sensors and Passing Alerts to the Neighbourhood Though Mobile Cloud. United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT), 3(1), pp.19-23.
This document is an environmental product declaration (EPD) for IPC corner guards that provides information on the environmental impacts over their life cycle according to ISO 14025. It summarizes the product definition, material content, manufacturing processes, and life cycle assessment results for various IPC corner guard products. The scope of the EPD is cradle-to-gate with options and includes manufacturing, packaging, end-of-life disposal, and recycling credits. It excludes transportation after manufacturing and the use stage.
Building codes govern the design and construction of buildings to ensure safety and establish standards. Codes have existed for millennia and are updated regularly to reflect advances in technology and materials. The modern building code focuses on occupancy classifications, fire prevention, structural integrity, accessibility, and other life safety issues. Architects and engineers use the building code throughout the design process to ensure their designs meet all applicable requirements.
IRJET- Design of Eco Friendly System in Automobile for Environmental SafetyIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of an eco-friendly system to monitor vehicle emissions. The system would use sensors to measure levels of harmful gases in a vehicle's exhaust, like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and oxygen. It would display the emission levels to the driver using an OLED display to increase awareness of engine health and emissions. For high emission levels, the system could cut off the vehicle's ignition using a controller. The document reviews different sensor technologies that could be used to monitor the key gases and aims to help reduce environmental pollution from vehicle emissions.
The National Building Code of India deals with building design features that enhance life and fire safety. It provides detailed requirements for ensuring adequate means of exit in case of fire, limiting building heights and occupancy based on safety, and requiring fire protection systems appropriate to the hazards. The code aims to balance safety with practical usability and flexibility in building design. It classifies buildings by use and specifies minimum fire safety standards for each class. Key aspects covered include exit arrangements, fire detection and warning systems, firefighting equipment, and compartmentation to limit fire spread.
The document discusses fire and safety management in business continuity. It begins with an overview of business continuity management (BCM) and identifies potential impacts and provides a framework for continuity management. The presentation discusses requirements for fire prevention and protection according to the National Building Code of India 2005 and the Maharashtra Fire Prevention and Life Safety Measures Act of 2006. It outlines the classification of buildings, requirements for fire zones, construction types, fire prevention measures, life safety measures, minimum firefighting installations, and passive fire protection. The presentation emphasizes adopting a techno-legal regime for enforcement by integrating the National Building Code into building regulatory documents to improve disaster resistance and protection of people and property.
This document provides commentary on the National Building Code of India Part 4 related to Fire and Life Safety.
It begins with an overview of the contents and key points covered in the Foreword section of the NBC including minimizing danger to life and property from fire through an integrated approach. Fire protection techniques should be based on characteristics of building materials and elements.
The commentary then reviews terminology definitions in the NBC such as for automatic fire detection and alarm systems, automatic sprinkler systems, exit, exit access, exit discharge, and more. It provides explanations of these important fire and life safety related terms.
The document concludes with noting that the commentary is based on analyzing the final revised version of NBC Part 4 that was sent for
ISO has published over 19,500 international standards covering technology and business since being founded in 1947. ISO technical committee 92 focuses on fire safety standards and is divided into subcommittees addressing fire initiation, containment, threats, and engineering. Examples of ISO fire safety standards include standards on fire safety vocabulary, fire risk assessment methodology, fire modeling techniques, and fire protection system requirements. The presentation provided an overview of the history of fire safety legislation and standardization efforts as well as examples of specific ISO fire safety standards.
T. Srilatha, 2021. Detection of Hazardous Gases Using the Sensors and Passing Alerts to the Neighbourhood Though Mobile Cloud. United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT), 3(1), pp.19-23.
This document is an environmental product declaration (EPD) for IPC corner guards that provides information on the environmental impacts over their life cycle according to ISO 14025. It summarizes the product definition, material content, manufacturing processes, and life cycle assessment results for various IPC corner guard products. The scope of the EPD is cradle-to-gate with options and includes manufacturing, packaging, end-of-life disposal, and recycling credits. It excludes transportation after manufacturing and the use stage.
Building codes govern the design and construction of buildings to ensure safety and establish standards. Codes have existed for millennia and are updated regularly to reflect advances in technology and materials. The modern building code focuses on occupancy classifications, fire prevention, structural integrity, accessibility, and other life safety issues. Architects and engineers use the building code throughout the design process to ensure their designs meet all applicable requirements.
AIR POLLUTION IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT IN KOZHIKODE CITYIRJET Journal
The document analyzes air pollution levels in the city of Kozhikode, India before, during, and after COVID-19 lockdowns. It finds that levels of particulate matter and other pollutants decreased during lockdowns when traffic and industrial activity were reduced but increased again after lockdowns ended as normal activity resumed. The study concludes that vehicles and industries are major contributors to air pollution in Kozhikode and recommends actions like promoting electric vehicles and renewable energy to improve air quality.
AIR POLLUTION IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT IN KOZHIKODE CITYIRJET Journal
This document analyzes air pollution in Kozhikode City, India. It finds that strong population growth and increased waste, vehicles, and industry have led to worsening air quality. The study examines air pollutant levels in Kozhikode using data from the Pollution Control Board. It analyzes data from 2019-2021 during pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. The lockdown reduced traffic and industrial activities, decreasing air pollution temporarily. Particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and ammonia levels fluctuated over time. Vehicle emissions and industrial activities were major contributors to air pollution, which worsened air quality and health. Str
LIST OF IMPORTANT INDIAN STANDARDS ON SAFETY & HEALTHBimal Chandra Das
This document lists important Indian standards related to safety and health across various industries and topics. It provides standards for machinery, consumer products, electrical and electronics, transportation, civil engineering construction, chemicals and other hazardous materials, fire protection, and personal protection. The standards cover a wide range of issues including lifts, grinding wheels, pressure vessels, gas cylinders, industrial plant layout, domestic gas stoves, electrical equipment, powered trucks, scaffolding, hazardous chemicals, fire safety, welding, noise reduction, and personal protective equipment.
Overview of Proposed Changes to OSHA 1910 General Industry RegulationsLJB Inc.
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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF VYTILA’S WATCH TOWER INTO AIR PURIFICATION SYSTEMIRJET Journal
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This document discusses fire safety standards and regulations for metro rail systems. It provides information on various international standards like EN 45545, NFPA 130, and standards from countries like the UK, Germany, and France. It explains concepts like operational categories, hazard levels, fire resistance of materials, requirements for electrical equipment, fire detection and suppression systems, and trends in metro design for improved safety like emergency evacuation and ventilation. The document emphasizes the importance of preventing fires, limiting their spread, minimizing harm through proper material selection, and controlling fires using detection and suppression.
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Green and clean environment across the globe is very much essential for the health of the nature. Unfortunately different kinds of pollutions are affecting the quality of the environment around us. This review paper is mainly dealing with “Air pollution”, which is a very sensitive issue in developing and developed countries and is directly affecting the human health and disturbs the biological balance of mother earth. Here our aim is to develop a system which will detect maximum air pollutants and which is highly responsive, accurate and low cost and low power consuming.
New Models and New Technologies for an Integrated Risk Management in Complex ...Community Protection Forum
- The document discusses new models and technologies for integrated risk management in complex environments. It provides context on why the Workers Compensation Authority is involved in risk conferences and the objectives of INAIL beyond just compensation.
- It then discusses how concepts of risk and safety have evolved from a traditional safety-based approach to an integrated risk management approach in regulations and standards. Examples are provided of major accidents that revealed weaknesses in the prior safety-based approach.
- The presentation emphasizes that science and increasing knowledge can help make communities and workplaces safer by enabling more informed risk-based decisions, knowledge sharing, and learning from experiences including accidents and near misses. Ongoing research is important to address uncertainties.
Insights on Fire Safety Related Requirements in National Building Code (NBC)Consultivo
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This document summarizes an ESS meeting that took place on June 7th, 2016. It discusses Nier Soluzioni Informatiche, a company with 35 years of experience and over 90 professionals providing highly qualified consulting services in strategic fields like system engineering, health and safety, environment and energy to private companies and public administrations. They have hundreds of clients in Italy and internationally, and are a leader in their field with a focus on innovation. The document outlines the types of services they provide, including system engineering, reliability and safety analysis, and regulatory compliance. It provides examples of projects with organizations like Fusion for Energy and HERA.
This document summarizes an ESS meeting that took place on June 7th, 2016. It discusses Nier Soluzioni Informatiche, a company with 35 years of experience and over 90 professionals providing highly qualified consulting services in strategic fields like system engineering, health and safety, environment and energy to private companies and public administrations. They have hundreds of clients in Italy and internationally, and are a leader in their field with a focus on innovation. The document outlines the types of services they provide, including system engineering, reliability and safety analysis, and regulatory compliance. It provides examples of past projects with organizations like Fusion for Energy and HERA.
This document provides an overview of the system of European codes and standards for construction, known as the Eurocodes. It discusses the background and objectives of the Eurocode program, the format and development of the Eurocodes, and how they are implemented at the national level through National Annexes. It also addresses the adoption of Eurocodes nationally, their maintenance over time, and the transitional period when Eurocodes will co-exist with existing national standards.
Understanding the importance of National Building Codes - A Case StudyPower Cable Alliance
The National Building Code of India (NBC), a comprehensive building Code, is a national instrument providing guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country.
It serves as a ‘Model Code’ for adoption by all agencies, public or private, involved in building construction works.
Here, we delve into the impact these codes have on safety from fire accidents and recommendations on how we can create a reliable and quality infrastructure.
This document summarizes key product safety issues and challenges in Japan, including the expansion of online shopping, supply chain issues, and the proliferation of IoT devices. It describes Japan's post-market regulatory approach and lists the four main product safety acts. It also provides statistics on serious product accidents, noting declines in recent years, and highlights risks to elderly populations from healthcare equipment, oil stoves, and ladders. The document outlines Japan's product recall system and safety promotion efforts targeted at consumers.
Statutory requirments on Health Safety EnvironmentVikasMore37
This document discusses statutory requirements for fire protection in industrial establishments and buildings according to the Factories Act, Rules, and National Building Code of India. It covers legal obligations for fire prevention, protection systems, emergency plans, training, and documentation. Requirements address hazardous processes, equipment standards, inspection and organizational structure. The three key steps for fire control are prevention, protection, and emergency handling. Proper handling, storage and transportation of gas cylinders is also outlined.
The document discusses lightning protection standards and procedures for buildings. It compares the Indian standard IS 2309 to the international standard BS EN/IEC 62305, which considers risks to human life not addressed in IS 2309. The procedure involves calculating lightning risks, selecting a protection level class, and employing measures like the rolling sphere, protective angle, or mesh methods to determine placement of air terminals and down conductors. A case study examines risks for the Joka station building and proposes design changes like repositioning air terminals to improve protection according to the rolling sphere method.
IOT Based Air Pollution Monitoring System using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes an IOT-based air pollution monitoring system using Arduino. The system uses sensors to monitor the levels of pollutants like CO2, smoke, LPG, and other gases. It displays the air quality levels in parts per million (PPM) on an LCD screen and web page. When pollution levels exceed certain thresholds, it triggers an alarm. The system aims to allow monitoring of air pollution from anywhere using the internet. It uses an Arduino microcontroller, WiFi module, gas sensors, LCD display, and buzzer. The sensors detect pollution and send data to Arduino, which transmits it over WiFi. This allows authorities to monitor levels in different areas and take appropriate action when
The document provides an overview of the National Building Code of India 2016. Some key points:
- It covers the need for building regulation and the constitutional position that subjects related to land and buildings fall under state lists.
- Authorities having jurisdiction over building regulation include municipal corporations, municipalities, and special purpose agencies.
- Instruments for building regulation include town planning acts, master plans, building byelaws. Additional clearances may be required from fire, pollution control, and other authorities.
- The code has undergone revisions since 1970 to incorporate improvements for structural safety, fire safety, accessibility, new materials and technologies, and sustainability. It is expected to be extensively used by local bodies, construction agencies, and
This document discusses fire safety measures for educational buildings in India. It provides classifications for building occupancy and calculates occupant load. It also outlines requirements for means of escape including travel distance, capacity and arrangement of exits, horizontal exits, doorways, staircases, and control centers. The key recommendations are that educational buildings must implement appropriate passive and active fire protection systems to detect, contain and mitigate fires per the National Building Code of India in order to ensure the safety of occupants.
IRJET- Study on Fire Hazard in Textile IndustriesIRJET Journal
This document discusses fire hazards in the textile industry. It identifies several common causes of fires, including electrical issues, welding, smoking, and improper storage of flammable materials. The key fire hazards in textile production processes are analyzed using a fire event tree. Several case studies of past fire accidents in textile facilities are presented and the root causes are identified as electrical short circuits, welding, and smoking. Recommendations are provided to reduce risks, such as maintaining safe distances between electrical equipment and combustible materials, restricting welding in flammable areas, creating designated smoking zones, and providing fire safety training to all employees.
1) Toyo Engineering Corporation places the highest priority on safety and strives to prevent any loss of human life. It is strongly promoting safety measures and aims to establish a robust safety culture throughout its group.
2) Toyo's safety record over the past 5 years shows a general decrease in lost time incident rate and total recordable incident rate, with a goal of further reducing these rates.
3) Toyo holds annual month-long safety campaigns across its group to promote safety awareness through various programs and activities. It also works to standardize safety management practices and ensure safety is uniformly implemented regardless of location.
airport building fire safety zurich.pdfsriram123456
This document discusses Indian standards related to fire and electrical safety. It provides an overview of fire safety issues in India such as average annual fire deaths, common causes of fires, and the BIS committee responsible for formulating firefighting equipment standards. It also discusses the National Building Code of 2016 which provides guidance on fire prevention, life safety, and fire protection measures for buildings. The document concludes with electrical safety statistics in India and an overview of the National Electrical Code of 2011 which establishes standards for electrical components and wiring installations.
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Green and clean environment across the globe is very much essential for the health of the nature. Unfortunately different kinds of pollutions are affecting the quality of the environment around us. This review paper is mainly dealing with “Air pollution”, which is a very sensitive issue in developing and developed countries and is directly affecting the human health and disturbs the biological balance of mother earth. Here our aim is to develop a system which will detect maximum air pollutants and which is highly responsive, accurate and low cost and low power consuming.
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Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
2. Safety , Health and Environment at
Work Place
Constitution of India provide detailed
provisions for the rights of the citizens
safety and health risks at workplaces
safety and health risks at workplaces
and to provide measures so as to
ensure safe and healthy working
conditions for every working man and
woman in the nation
3. Fire Safety
On an average 300 deaths per year
Huge property losses
Huge property losses
About 69% fires are caused by
electricity
More prevalent in high rise building
4. BIS Committee- CED 22
Fire Fighting Sectional Committee, CED
22 of BIS is engaged in formulation of
Indian Standards on Fire Fighting
Indian Standards on Fire Fighting
equipments/extinguishers using water,
carbon dioxide, foam, dry powder and
halon as extinguishing agents, detectors,
sprinklers, hoses, water fittings, hydrants,
water supplies etc.
6. 1) Fire Prevention — Covering aspects of fire
prevention pertaining to planning, design and
construction of buildings on passive fire protection
measures, also describing the various types of
building materials and their fire rating.
2) Life Safety — Covering life safety provisions in the
event of fire and similar emergencies, also addressing
event of fire and similar emergencies, also addressing
construction and occupancy features that are necessary
to minimize danger to life from fire, smoke, fumes or
panic.
3) Fire Protection — covering the significant
appurtenances and their related components and
guidelines for selecting the correct type of equipment
and installation meant for fire protection of the building,
depending upon the classification and type of the
building.
7. FIRE PREVENTION
IS 1641 `Code of Practice for Fire Safety of
Buildings (General):General Principles of
Fire Grading and Classification’
IS 1642 ‘Fire Safety of Buildings (General):
IS 1642 ‘Fire Safety of Buildings (General):
Details of Construction − Code of Practice’
IS 1643 ‘Fire Safety of Buildings (General):
Exposure Hazard - Code of Practice’
8. LIFE SAFETY
IS 1644 ‘Fire Safety of Buildings
(General) : Exit Requirements and
Personal Hazard - Code of Practice’
Personal Hazard - Code of Practice’
IS 2189 ‘Selection, Installation and
Maintenance of Automatic Fire
Detection and Alarm System – Code of
Practice’
9. FIRE PROTECTION
IS 15683:2006 `Portable Fire Extinguishers –
Performance and Construction –
Specification’
IS 2190 Selection, Installation and
IS 2190 Selection, Installation and
Maintenance of First-Aid Fire Extinguishers –
Code of Practice’
IS 949 ‘Functional Requirements for
Emergency (Rescue) Tender’
IS 950 ‘Functional Requirements for Water
Tender, Type B for Fire Brigade use’
10. FIRE PROTECTION (contd )
IS 15105 ‘Design and Installation of Fixed
Automatic Sprinkler Fire Extinguishing
Systems - Code of Practice’
IS 15493 ‘Gaseous Fire Extinguishing
IS 15493 ‘Gaseous Fire Extinguishing
Systems : Part 1 General Requirements’
11. HIGH RISE BUILDING
Building above 15m Height ( N.B.C.)
A High-rise Building is one in
A High-rise Building is one in
which Emergency Evacuation is
not practical and in which fires
must be fought internally because
of height.
12. PROBLEMS IN HIGHRISE
BUILDINGS
3-D spreading of fire
Violation of fire safety norms
Delayed access to seat of fire
Delayed access to seat of fire
Total Evacuation
Limitation of the fire fighting equipment
Limitations posed by the fire fighters
People’s behavior
14. Applicability of the code
To Service as model for adoption by
Public works department, other
Public works department, other
government construction departments and
other construction agencies.
To be adopted by State Government /
local bodies
15. National Building Code (NBC)
Birth of NBC 1970
First Revision of NBC 1983 (after 13
years)
years)
Second Revision of NBC-IV 1997 ( after
14 years)
3rdRevision of NBC 2005 (after 22 years)
4th Revision of NBC 2016
16. CONTENTS OF NBC 2016
Part No. Title
Part 0 Integrated Approach – Prerequisite for Applying Provisions of the code
Part 1 Definitions
Part 2 Administration
Part 3 Development Control Rules and General Building Requirements
Part 4 Fire and Life Safety
Building Materials
Part 5 Building Materials
Part 6 Structural Design
Part 7 Constructional Management, Practices and Safety
Part 8 Building Services
Part 9 Plumbing Services (including Solid Waste Management)
Part 10 Landscape Development, Signs and Outdoor Display Structures
Part 11 Approach to Sustainability
Part 12 Asset and Facility Management
17. Classification of Building in NBC 2016
Group A Residential
Group B Educational
Group C Institutional
Group D Assembly
Group D Assembly
Group E Business
Group F Mercantile
Group G Industrial
Group H Storage
Group J Hazardous
18. 18
BUILDING OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION
Group A Residential
Lodging or rooming houses (A-1)
One or two family dwelling (A-2)
Dormitories (A-3)
Apartment houses (flats) (A-4)
Hotels (A-5) & Starred hotels (A-6)
Group B Educational
Schools up to senior secondary level (B-1)
Others/training institutions (B-2)
Group C Institutional
Hospitals and Sanatoria (C-1)
Custodial institutions (C-2)
Penal & mental institutions (C-3)
Group D Assembly
D-1 to D-6
D-7 Underground and elevated MRTS
Group E Business
E-1 to E-5 (offices, banks, labs, computer, telephone
exchanges, broadcasting stations)
Group F Mercantile
F-1 to F-3 (shops, departmental stores, markets &
underground shopping centres)
Group G Industrial
Low hazard (G-1)
Moderate hazard (G-2)
High hazard (G-3)
Group H Storage
Group J Hazardous
19. LIFE SAFETY
Exit requirements
Exit requirements
Occupant load
Occupant load
Egress components
Egress components
Exit capacities and arrangement
Exit capacities and arrangement
No. of exits
No. of exits
Max. travel distance
Max. travel distance
Doorways, corridors & passageways
Doorways, corridors & passageways
Doorways, corridors & passageways
Doorways, corridors & passageways
Staircases
Staircases –
– pressurization
pressurization
Ramps
Ramps
Compartmentation
Compartmentation
Smoke control
Smoke control
Illumination/escape lighting
Illumination/escape lighting
Fire detection & alarm system
Fire detection & alarm system
Fire fighting shaft
Fire fighting shaft
20. FIRE PROTECTION
Fire Fighting Installation
Fire Fighting Installation
Fire extinguisher
Fire extinguisher
First aid hose reel
First aid hose reel
Wet riser
Wet riser
Down comers
Down comers
Yard hydrant
Yard hydrant
Automatic sprinkler system
Automatic sprinkler system
Automatic sprinkler system
Automatic sprinkler system
Manually operated electric fire alarm system
Manually operated electric fire alarm system
Automatic detection and alarm system
Automatic detection and alarm system
Underground static water storage tank
Underground static water storage tank
Terrace tank over respective tower terrace
Terrace tank over respective tower terrace
Pump near underground tank
Pump near underground tank
Pump at terrace tank level
Pump at terrace tank level
Dry riser (for hilly areas or industrial areas)
Dry riser (for hilly areas or industrial areas)
Fire protection requirements for high rise buildings
Fire protection requirements for high rise buildings
Fire drill & evacuation procedures
Fire drill & evacuation procedures
21. 21
IS No. Title Current Stage
IS 15883 Construction Project Management- Guidelines:
Part 1:2009 Part 1 General Published
Part 2:2013 Part 2 Time Management Published
Part 3:2015 Part 3 Cost Management Published
Part 4:2015 Part 4 Quality Management Published
Part 5:2013 Part 5 Health & Safety Management Published
Part 6:2015 Part 6 Scope Management Published
Construction Project Management
Part 6:2015 Part 6 Scope Management Published
Part 7 Part 7 Procurement Management Draft being prepared
Part 8:2015 Part 8 Risk Management Published
Part 9:2018 Part 9 Communication Management Published
Part 10 Part 10 Human Resource Management Draft being prepared
Part 11 Part 11 Sustainability Management Draft being prepared
Part 12:2016 Part 12 Integration Management Published
IS 16416:2016 Guidelines for Construction Project
Formulation and Appraisal
Published
IS 16601:2016 Guidelines for Habitat and Welfare
Requirements for Construction Workers
Published
22. Electrical Accidents-Statistics
•
• 25% of all fires occur due to electricity
•About 25 deaths per day due to electrocution
NCRB, (India) (2011)
NCRB, (India) (2011)
•42 % of total fires occur due to electrical
sources
• 8% deaths that occur in Indian factories are
due to electricity
25. Electric Shock
Received when current passes
through the body
Severity of the shock depends
on:
Path of current through the
Entrance
Path of current through the
body
Amount of current flowing
through the body
Length of time the body is
in the circuit
LOW VOLTAGE
DOES NOT MEAN
LOW HAZARD Exit
Ground
26. Electrical Hazards
A dangerous condition such that contact or
equipment failure can result in:
Electric Shock
Electric Shock
Arc flash burn
Thermal burn
Arc blast
28. NEC
NEC -
-2011
2011
The National Electrical Code Covers
The National Electrical Code Covers
a)
a)Standard
Standard good
good practices
practices for
for selection
selection of
of various
various
items
items of
of electrical
electrical equipment
equipment forming
forming part
part of
of power
power
systems
systems;
;
systems
systems;
;
b)Recommendations
b)Recommendations concerning
concerning safety
safety and
and related
related
matter
matter in
in the
the wiring
wiring of
of electrical
electrical installations
installations of
of
buildings
buildings or
or industrial
industrial structures,
structures, promoting
promoting
compatibility
compatibility between
between such
such recommendations
recommendations and
and
those
those concerning
concerning the
the equipment
equipment installed
installed.
.
29. Scope of NEC
Scope of NEC (Contd.)
(Contd.)
The NEC also Covers
The NEC also Covers
c)
c)General safety procedures and practices
General safety procedures and practices
in electrical work; and
in electrical work; and
d)
d) Additional precautions to be taken for
Additional precautions to be taken for
use of electrical equipment for special
use of electrical equipment for special
environmental conditions like explosive
environmental conditions like explosive
and active atmosphere
and active atmosphere
30. NEC APPLIES TO:
NEC APPLIES TO:
Standby generating plants
Standby generating plants
Building substations
Building substations
Domestic dwellings
Domestic dwellings
Office buildings
Office buildings
Shopping and commercial centres
Shopping and commercial centres
Institutions
Institutions
Recreation and other public premises
Recreation and other public premises
Medical establishments
Medical establishments
31. NEC APPLIES TO:
NEC APPLIES TO:
Hotels
Hotels
Sports buildings
Sports buildings
Industrial premises
Industrial premises
Industrial premises
Industrial premises
Temporary and permanent outdoor installations
Temporary and permanent outdoor installations
Agricultural premises
Agricultural premises
Installations in hazardous areas
Installations in hazardous areas
Solar Photovoltaic installations
Solar Photovoltaic installations
32. NEC DOES NOT APPLY TO:
NEC DOES NOT APPLY TO:
Traction, motor vehicles, installations in rolling
Traction, motor vehicles, installations in rolling-
-
stock, on board
stock, on board-
-ships, aircraft or installations in
ships, aircraft or installations in
underground mines
underground mines
Systems of distribution of energy to public
Systems of distribution of energy to public
Systems of distribution of energy to public
Systems of distribution of energy to public
Power generation and transmission for such
Power generation and transmission for such
systems
systems
Guidelines on the payment for electrical work
Guidelines on the payment for electrical work
done in installations
done in installations
33. National Electrical Code
National Electrical Code
(
(Contents)
NEC contains
NEC contains
8 Parts and
8 Parts and
30 Sections
30 Sections
34. NEC CONTENTS
NEC CONTENTS
Part 1
Part 1 General and Common Aspects
General and Common Aspects
Part 2
Part 2 Electrical installations in stand by generating
Electrical installations in stand by generating
stations and captive substations
stations and captive substations
Part 3
Part 3 Electrical installations in non
Electrical installations in non-
-industrial buildings
industrial buildings
Part 4
Part 4 Electrical installations in industrial buildings
Electrical installations in industrial buildings
Part 5
Part 5 Outdoor installations
Outdoor installations
Part 6
Part 6 Electrical installations in agricultural premises
Electrical installations in agricultural premises
Part 7
Part 7 Electrical installations in Hazardous area
Electrical installations in Hazardous area
Part 8
Part 8 Solar Photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems
35. Part 1 General and Common Aspects
Part 1 General and Common Aspects
Section 1
Section 1 Scope of the National Electrical Code
Scope of the National Electrical Code
Section 2
Section 2 Definitions
Definitions
Section 3
Section 3 Graphical Symbols for Diagrams, Signs
Graphical Symbols for Diagrams, Signs
Section 4
Section 4 Guide for preparation of diagrams, tables, and
Guide for preparation of diagrams, tables, and
marking
marking
marking
marking
Section 5
Section 5 Units and systems of measurement
Units and systems of measurement
Section 6
Section 6 Standard Values
Standard Values
Section 7
Section 7 Fundamental principles
Fundamental principles
Section 8
Section 8 Assessment of General Characteristics of
Assessment of General Characteristics of
buildings
buildings
Section 9
Section 9 Wiring Installations
Wiring Installations
Section 10
Section 10 Short Circuit Calculations
Short Circuit Calculations
36. Part 1 General and Common Aspects
Part 1 General and Common Aspects
Section 11 Electrical aspects of building services
Section 11 Electrical aspects of building services
Section 12
Section 12 Selection of equipment
Selection of equipment
Section 13
Section 13 Erection and
Erection and precommissioning
precommissioning testing
testing
of
of installations
installations
Section 14
Section 14 Earthing
Earthing
Section 15 Lightning protection
Section 15 Lightning protection
Section 16 Protection against voltage surges
Section 16 Protection against voltage surges
Section 17 Guidelines for power factor improvement
Section 17 Guidelines for power factor improvement
Section 18 Energy Efficiency aspects
Section 18 Energy Efficiency aspects
Section 19 Safety in electrical work
Section 19 Safety in electrical work
Section 20 Tables
Section 20 Tables
37. Part 1
Part 1
Section 14
Section 14 Earthing
Earthing
•
• Earthing provides safety of persons and apparatus
Earthing provides safety of persons and apparatus
against earth faults
against earth faults
•
• Covers design consideration
Covers design consideration
•
• Assistance derived from IS 3043, and updated
Assistance derived from IS 3043, and updated
•
• Aspects related to cascading, discrimination and
Aspects related to cascading, discrimination and
•
• Aspects related to cascading, discrimination and
Aspects related to cascading, discrimination and
limitation added
limitation added
38. Part 1
Part 1
Section 15
Section 15 Lightning protection
Lightning protection
•
• Electrical aspects of lightning protection of buildings
Electrical aspects of lightning protection of buildings
and effects of lightning on the electrical installations
and effects of lightning on the electrical installations
covered
covered
•
• Lightning protection aspects from structural safety
Lightning protection aspects from structural safety
point of view not covered
point of view not covered
point of view not covered
point of view not covered
•
• Lighting protection is a major area of concern
Lighting protection is a major area of concern
•
• Assistance has been derived from IS 2309 and
Assistance has been derived from IS 2309 and
updated
updated
•
• Lighting protection of hazardous location covered
Lighting protection of hazardous location covered
under Part 7.
under Part 7.
39. Part 1
Part 1
Section
Section 19 Safety in electrical work
19 Safety in electrical work
•
• Safety is of paramount importance at all time in the
Safety is of paramount importance at all time in the
installation, operation and maintenance.
installation, operation and maintenance.
•
• Covers safety procedures and practices in electrical
Covers safety procedures and practices in electrical
work.
work.
•
• Permit to work system, Safety practices, Safety Posters
Permit to work system, Safety practices, Safety Posters
•
• Permit to work system, Safety practices, Safety Posters
Permit to work system, Safety practices, Safety Posters
•
• Safety Instruction
Safety Instruction -
- working on mains and apparatus
working on mains and apparatus
•
• Refers to :
Refers to :
•
• IS 5216 (Part 1): 1982 Recommendations on Safety
IS 5216 (Part 1): 1982 Recommendations on Safety
Procedures and Practices in Electrical Work: Part 1
Procedures and Practices in Electrical Work: Part 1
General
General
•
• IS 5216 (Part 2): 1982 Recommendation on Safety
IS 5216 (Part 2): 1982 Recommendation on Safety
Procedures and Practices in Electrical Work: Part 2 Life
Procedures and Practices in Electrical Work: Part 2 Life
Saving Techniques for treatment for electric shock
Saving Techniques for treatment for electric shock
40. NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE
Contains guidelines which can be adopted
Contains guidelines which can be adopted
immediately
immediately
Harmonized with corresponding IEC standards
Harmonized with corresponding IEC standards
Gives reference to related Indian standards
Gives reference to related Indian standards
Code is intended to be advisory
Code is intended to be advisory
Code is intended to be advisory
Code is intended to be advisory
Code is not mandatory
Code is not mandatory
Should be adopted in interest of safety and
Should be adopted in interest of safety and
economy
economy
Keep our electrical installation practices at par with
Keep our electrical installation practices at par with
the best national and international practices
the best national and international practices
41. NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE
SP 30 : 2011
SP 30 : 2011 NATIONAL
NATIONAL
ELECTRICAL CODE
ELECTRICAL CODE
Available at BIS Sales offices
Available at BIS Sales offices
Available for online sale at BIS sales
Available for online sale at BIS sales
portal
portal www.standardsbis.in
42. Safety of Household and Similar
Electrical Appliances
IS 302 (Part-1) : General Requirement
Rated Voltage up to 250 V (single phase)
Rated Voltage up to 415 V (3 phase)
Rated Voltage up to 415 V (3 phase)
IS 302 (Part-2) : Specific Requirements
IS 302 (part-2, Section 3) – Electric Iron
43.
44. IS 302 (Part-1) : General Requirement
Type of Insulation and construction
Extra voltage protection
Thermostat and cut-out
Classification of equipment
Classification of equipment
Marking and construction
Leakage current at operating temprature
Moisture resistance
IPX 1 to IPX 7
Stability and mechanical hazard
45.
46. Safety of Households and similar electrical
appliances – Part 2, Section 3 – Electric Iron
Protection against access to live parts
Transient over voltage
Moisture resistance
Moisture resistance
Provision for earthling, etc.
47.
48. Industry Specific Standards on
Fire safety
IS 13694:1993 – Fire Safety in Iron and Steel
Industries
Blast Furnace
Steel Melting Shop
Steel Melting Shop
Coke Oven
Re-heating furnace
Hot Mill (rolling mill)
Fire detection and alarm system
Fire extinguishing system
49. WAREHOUSING INCLUDING COLD STORAGES
IS 3594 : 1991
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR FIRE
SAFETY OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS:
SAFETY OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS:
GENERAL STORAGE AND
WAREHOUSING INCLUDING COLD
STORAGES
50. Other standards on safety
IS 9457 : 1980 - Safety colours and safety signs
IS 11972 : 1987 - Code of practice for safety
precautions to be taken when entering a
sewerage system.
sewerage system.
IS 818 : 1968 - Code of practice for Safety and
Health Requirements in electric and gas welding
and cutting operations.
IS/ISO/IEC : GUIDE 51 - Guidelines for the
inclusion of safety aspects in Standards
51. Other standards on safety
IS 5424 : 1969 - Specification for rubber
mats for electrical purpose
IS 6305 : 1980 Part 1 & 2 - Safety code for
IS 6305 : 1980 Part 1 & 2 - Safety code for
powered industrial trucks
IS 4130 : 1991- Safety code for demolition
of buildings
52. Standards on PPE (Body)
IS 3521 : 1999 Industrial safety belts and harnesses –
Specification
IS 4501 : 1981 Specification for aprons, rubberized, acid
and alkali resistant
IS 6153 : 1971 Specification for protective leather clothing
IS 7352 : 1974 Specification for X-ray lead rubber
protective aprons
IS 8519 : 1977 Guide for selection of industrial safety
equipment for body protection
IS 8990 : 1978 Code of practice for maintenance and care
of industrial safety clothing
53. Standards on PPE (Ears)
IS 6229 : 1980 Method for measurement of real
ear protection of hearing
protectors and physical
attenuation of ear muffs
attenuation of ear muffs
IS 8520 : 1977 Guide for selection of industrial
safety equipment for eye, face and
ear protection
IS 9167 : 1979 Specification for ear protectors
54. Standards on PPE (Eye and Face)
IS 1179 : 1967 Equipment for eye and face protection during welding
IS 5983 : 1980 Eye protectors
IS 7524 : 1980
Part 1
Method of test for eye protectors:-
Non - optical tests
IS 8521 : 1977 Part 1 Industrial safety face shields – with plastic visor
IS 8521 : 1977 Part 1 Industrial safety face shields – with plastic visor
IS 8521 : 1994 Part 2 Industrial safety face shields – with wire mesh visor
IS 8940 : 1978 Code of practice for maintenance and care of industrial
safety equipment for eyes and face protection
IS 9973 : 1981 Specification for visor for scooter helmets
IS 9995 : 1981 Specification for visor for non-metal police and firemen’s
helmets
IS 14352 : 1996 Miners safety goggles – Specification
55. Standards on PPE (Heads)
IS 2745 :
1983
Specification for non-metal
helmet for firemen and civil
defence personnel
IS 2925 : Specification for industrial
IS 2925 :
1984
Specification for industrial
safety helmets
IS 4151 :
1993
Specification for protective
helmets for scooter and motor
cycle riders