This is basically a protocol upon the basis of P.G Public Health presentation on behalf of the Health effects due to environmental pollution on population.
Presentation by Vlatka Matkovic at the OpenDataDay event 'Towards Clean Air with Open Data'. The event took place at BeCentral in Brussels on Saturday 3 March 2018.
Health effects of NO2: do these differ from those associated with PM2.5 expos...IES / IAQM
In 2010, the Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants (COMEAP) published its advice on the health impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in the UK. Long term exposure to PM2.5 was estimated to contribute the equivalent of 29,000 premature deaths across the UK making it the foremost environmental challenge we face.
In March 2015, COMEAP published a statement recognising the strengthening of the evidence for associations of adverse health effects with ambient concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). At that point COMEAP concluded that “the evidence suggests that it would be sensible to regard NO2 as causing some of the health impact found to be associated with it in epidemiological studies. Nonetheless, it is possible that, to some extent, NO2 acts as a marker of the effects of other traffic-related pollutants” (COMEAP 2015a).
COMEAP’s extensive work on NO2 will be published before the end of 2017 and the report will necessarily cover the wide range of views across COMEAP on this pollutant. However, the one issue on which the committee is unanimous is that further research is required both on the toxicology and epidemiology of NO2 exposure, as well as on the use of multi-pollutant models to derive quantitative estimates of the effects of the pollutants being considered.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
This is basically a protocol upon the basis of P.G Public Health presentation on behalf of the Health effects due to environmental pollution on population.
Presentation by Vlatka Matkovic at the OpenDataDay event 'Towards Clean Air with Open Data'. The event took place at BeCentral in Brussels on Saturday 3 March 2018.
Health effects of NO2: do these differ from those associated with PM2.5 expos...IES / IAQM
In 2010, the Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants (COMEAP) published its advice on the health impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in the UK. Long term exposure to PM2.5 was estimated to contribute the equivalent of 29,000 premature deaths across the UK making it the foremost environmental challenge we face.
In March 2015, COMEAP published a statement recognising the strengthening of the evidence for associations of adverse health effects with ambient concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). At that point COMEAP concluded that “the evidence suggests that it would be sensible to regard NO2 as causing some of the health impact found to be associated with it in epidemiological studies. Nonetheless, it is possible that, to some extent, NO2 acts as a marker of the effects of other traffic-related pollutants” (COMEAP 2015a).
COMEAP’s extensive work on NO2 will be published before the end of 2017 and the report will necessarily cover the wide range of views across COMEAP on this pollutant. However, the one issue on which the committee is unanimous is that further research is required both on the toxicology and epidemiology of NO2 exposure, as well as on the use of multi-pollutant models to derive quantitative estimates of the effects of the pollutants being considered.
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL course material by Prof S S JAHAGIRDAR,NKOCET,SOLAPUR for BE (CIVIL ) students of Solapur university. Content will be also useful for SHIVAJI and PUNE university students
Assessment of Sulphur Dioxide Levels in Selected Sites in Athi River, Kenyaijtsrd
Industrialization, economic growth, urbanization and population growth have been responsible for air pollution in developing countries. The discharge of harmful chemicals and increased combustion of fossil fuels, affect both the physical environment and the public health. Air pollution effects are both acute and chronic on human health, ranging from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory and heart disease, lung cancer, acute respiratory infections in children and chronic bronchitis in adults. A study was conducted to assess the effect of sulfur dioxide on air quality at three sites in Athi River town, Kenya which included one non-industrial site. The air samples were collected by scrubbing them through appropriate trapping solutions and subsequently analyzed in the laboratory using colorimetric method. The meteorological parameters namely; temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction were also measured during the sampling exercise. The mean concentrations of sulphur dioxide at the various sampling sites during rainy season were: Shalom Hospital (602 -µg/m3); Vannilaz Restaurant (793 -µg/m3); Redeemed Gospel Church (861 -µg/m3) and Sabaki residential Estate (370 -µg/m3). The levels exceeded the guidelines recommended by WHO which has set a maximum of 500 -µg/m3, for 10 minutes exposure, however the levels at Sabaki residential Estate were low. Mean concentrations of sulphur dioxide during the dry season for Shalom Hospital, Vanillaz Restaurant, Redeemed Gospel church and Sabaki residential Estate were 863, 875,862 and 664 -µg/m3 respectively. The elevated levels of SO2 was associated with heavy vehicular traffic and the various industrial activities mainly cement manufacturing plants. Sulphur dioxide may also be emitted from diesel-powered vehicles and coal burning in the industries. The study revealed that Shalom Hospital, Vanillaz Restaurant and Redeemed Gospel Church were polluted with sulphur dioxide during the rainy season except Sabaki residential Estate but during the dry season all the sites were polluted with sulphur dioxide. Birgen J. | Wafula G. | Yusuf A. | Onyatta J."Assessment of Sulphur Dioxide Levels in Selected Sites in Athi River, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2320.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/2320/assessment-of-sulphur-dioxide-levels-in--selected-sites-in-athi-river-kenya/birgen-j
Quantification of rate of air pollution by means ofIJARBEST JOURNAL
To develop efficient strategies for pollution control, it is essential to assess
both the costs of control and the benefits that may result. These benefits will often include
improvements in public health, including reductions in both morbidity and premature
mortality. Until recently, there has been little guidance about how to calculate the benefits
of air pollution controls and how to use those estimates to assign priorities to different air
pollution control strategies. In this work, a method is described for quantifying the benefits
of reduced ambient concentrations of pollutants (such as ozone and particulate matter)
typically found in urban areas worldwide. The method applies the data on Jakara, Indonesia,
an area characterized by little wind, high population density (8 million people), congested
roads, and ambient air pollution. The magnitude of the benefits of pollution control depends
on the level of air pollution, the expected effects on health of the pollutants (dose-response),
the size of the population affected, and the economic value of these effects. In the case of
Jakarta, the methodology suggests that reducing exposure to lead and nitrogen dioxide
should also be a high priority. An important consequence of ambient lead pollution is a
reduction in learning abilities for children, measured as I.Q. loss. Apart from that, reducing
the proportion of respirable particles can reduce the amount of illness and premature
mortality.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Indoor air quality index and chronic health diseaseeSAT Journals
Abstract Approximately about 2 million premature deaths per year in developing countries by indoor pollution this is estimated by WHO (2006). Indoor activities (cooking, smoking, incense, mosquitoes coil and others), building characteristics and outdoor climatic conditions have affected indoor air quality environment. Especially young and unemployed people spend about 90% of their times in indoor environment so, air quality index (AQI) is now becomes the essential task for determine the quality of indoor homes. Indoor air quality index concern to pollutant concentration. AQI = 1/3 [SPM/SSPM + SO2/SSO2 + NOx/SNOx ] x 100. More will be the value of AQI more hazardous will be the quality. One of the most important parameter for indoor air quality is particulate matter (PM2.5) and due to long exposure to particulate matters may lead to mortality. Women and children are mainly affected by indoor pollution because they spend more time in homes as compare to others. So, increased the respiratory symptoms, decreased the lung function, increased lung cancer incidence, cardiovascular mortality and accelerated artherosclerosis and vascular inflammation all these ill effects mainly observed in women’s and infants.
Food security in a growing population with limited natural resources is one of
the most important issues of the world. Accumulation of heavy metals in food and
their concentrations increase and reaching to a risk limit can threaten human health.
The purpose of this study, is to study the heavy metals lead and cadmium in
vegetables, cultured on spinach and watercress at 10 Gardens of Ardabil. This study is
cross-sectional and 81 samples in water, soil, and spinach and watercress were
prepared during the months of June, July and August in 2015 and after preparation
according to the standard methods and using atomic absorption spectrophotometer
(Perkin Elmer) for the determination of heavy metals. SPSS software was used for data
analysis. The results showed that the mean level of lead and cadmium in all samples
were less than the EPA standard. Between studied orchards in terms of the amount of
cadmium and lead no statistically significant different was seen. The independent ttest
showed that in terms of cadmium between two species of spinach and watercress
there found a significant difference at the 5% level so that the amount of cadmium in
spinach was more than the watercress. Since the concentration of heavy metals in all
samples at second and third stages in July and August were zero, but in the first step
in June, the amount of heavy metals have been found in some samples showed that
all three samples of first cut had more contamination than second and third cut. And
in this case, the concentration of heavy metal pollution in hibernation at vegetable
gardens Ardabil is possible. The results of spinach cadmium amount in the first cut in
the three garden of viz.,3, 6 and 10 showed that in the garden (3), the amount of
cadmium in water is higher than the standard and is concentrated in spinach and the
gardens of 6 and 10 Cadmium in the soil of the gardens, is slightly higher that is
condensed in spinach thus it can be considered that spinach in terms of cadmium has
bioaccumulation.
Difference Between Environmental Science and Environmental ChemistryAMIR HASSAN
Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places.
Environmental science deals with ecosystem maintenance; by using the combined knowledge of the science fields that include the area of physics, geography, astro, biology and chemistry.
Environmental Science & Environmental Chemistry in
Contamination and Pollution
Environmental Science & Environmental Chemistry in
The Atmosphere
Environmental Science & Environmental Chemistry in
The water
Environmental Science & Environmental Chemistry in
The Soil and Rocks
Environmental Science & Environmental Chemistry in
The Trace Toxics
Pollution is a global topic on which many scientists are working day in day out to find newer techniques to reduce it. Major pollutants include dust, effluent, harmful gases, etc. which cause major problems to the Earth’s health. One such pollutant found in the surrounding is the VOC. - ( Uploaded by - Sangram Nandawaekar.)
Assessment of Sulphur Dioxide Levels in Selected Sites in Athi River, Kenyaijtsrd
Industrialization, economic growth, urbanization and population growth have been responsible for air pollution in developing countries. The discharge of harmful chemicals and increased combustion of fossil fuels, affect both the physical environment and the public health. Air pollution effects are both acute and chronic on human health, ranging from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory and heart disease, lung cancer, acute respiratory infections in children and chronic bronchitis in adults. A study was conducted to assess the effect of sulfur dioxide on air quality at three sites in Athi River town, Kenya which included one non-industrial site. The air samples were collected by scrubbing them through appropriate trapping solutions and subsequently analyzed in the laboratory using colorimetric method. The meteorological parameters namely; temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction were also measured during the sampling exercise. The mean concentrations of sulphur dioxide at the various sampling sites during rainy season were: Shalom Hospital (602 -µg/m3); Vannilaz Restaurant (793 -µg/m3); Redeemed Gospel Church (861 -µg/m3) and Sabaki residential Estate (370 -µg/m3). The levels exceeded the guidelines recommended by WHO which has set a maximum of 500 -µg/m3, for 10 minutes exposure, however the levels at Sabaki residential Estate were low. Mean concentrations of sulphur dioxide during the dry season for Shalom Hospital, Vanillaz Restaurant, Redeemed Gospel church and Sabaki residential Estate were 863, 875,862 and 664 -µg/m3 respectively. The elevated levels of SO2 was associated with heavy vehicular traffic and the various industrial activities mainly cement manufacturing plants. Sulphur dioxide may also be emitted from diesel-powered vehicles and coal burning in the industries. The study revealed that Shalom Hospital, Vanillaz Restaurant and Redeemed Gospel Church were polluted with sulphur dioxide during the rainy season except Sabaki residential Estate but during the dry season all the sites were polluted with sulphur dioxide. Birgen J. | Wafula G. | Yusuf A. | Onyatta J."Assessment of Sulphur Dioxide Levels in Selected Sites in Athi River, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2320.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/2320/assessment-of-sulphur-dioxide-levels-in--selected-sites-in-athi-river-kenya/birgen-j
Quantification of rate of air pollution by means ofIJARBEST JOURNAL
To develop efficient strategies for pollution control, it is essential to assess
both the costs of control and the benefits that may result. These benefits will often include
improvements in public health, including reductions in both morbidity and premature
mortality. Until recently, there has been little guidance about how to calculate the benefits
of air pollution controls and how to use those estimates to assign priorities to different air
pollution control strategies. In this work, a method is described for quantifying the benefits
of reduced ambient concentrations of pollutants (such as ozone and particulate matter)
typically found in urban areas worldwide. The method applies the data on Jakara, Indonesia,
an area characterized by little wind, high population density (8 million people), congested
roads, and ambient air pollution. The magnitude of the benefits of pollution control depends
on the level of air pollution, the expected effects on health of the pollutants (dose-response),
the size of the population affected, and the economic value of these effects. In the case of
Jakarta, the methodology suggests that reducing exposure to lead and nitrogen dioxide
should also be a high priority. An important consequence of ambient lead pollution is a
reduction in learning abilities for children, measured as I.Q. loss. Apart from that, reducing
the proportion of respirable particles can reduce the amount of illness and premature
mortality.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Indoor air quality index and chronic health diseaseeSAT Journals
Abstract Approximately about 2 million premature deaths per year in developing countries by indoor pollution this is estimated by WHO (2006). Indoor activities (cooking, smoking, incense, mosquitoes coil and others), building characteristics and outdoor climatic conditions have affected indoor air quality environment. Especially young and unemployed people spend about 90% of their times in indoor environment so, air quality index (AQI) is now becomes the essential task for determine the quality of indoor homes. Indoor air quality index concern to pollutant concentration. AQI = 1/3 [SPM/SSPM + SO2/SSO2 + NOx/SNOx ] x 100. More will be the value of AQI more hazardous will be the quality. One of the most important parameter for indoor air quality is particulate matter (PM2.5) and due to long exposure to particulate matters may lead to mortality. Women and children are mainly affected by indoor pollution because they spend more time in homes as compare to others. So, increased the respiratory symptoms, decreased the lung function, increased lung cancer incidence, cardiovascular mortality and accelerated artherosclerosis and vascular inflammation all these ill effects mainly observed in women’s and infants.
Food security in a growing population with limited natural resources is one of
the most important issues of the world. Accumulation of heavy metals in food and
their concentrations increase and reaching to a risk limit can threaten human health.
The purpose of this study, is to study the heavy metals lead and cadmium in
vegetables, cultured on spinach and watercress at 10 Gardens of Ardabil. This study is
cross-sectional and 81 samples in water, soil, and spinach and watercress were
prepared during the months of June, July and August in 2015 and after preparation
according to the standard methods and using atomic absorption spectrophotometer
(Perkin Elmer) for the determination of heavy metals. SPSS software was used for data
analysis. The results showed that the mean level of lead and cadmium in all samples
were less than the EPA standard. Between studied orchards in terms of the amount of
cadmium and lead no statistically significant different was seen. The independent ttest
showed that in terms of cadmium between two species of spinach and watercress
there found a significant difference at the 5% level so that the amount of cadmium in
spinach was more than the watercress. Since the concentration of heavy metals in all
samples at second and third stages in July and August were zero, but in the first step
in June, the amount of heavy metals have been found in some samples showed that
all three samples of first cut had more contamination than second and third cut. And
in this case, the concentration of heavy metal pollution in hibernation at vegetable
gardens Ardabil is possible. The results of spinach cadmium amount in the first cut in
the three garden of viz.,3, 6 and 10 showed that in the garden (3), the amount of
cadmium in water is higher than the standard and is concentrated in spinach and the
gardens of 6 and 10 Cadmium in the soil of the gardens, is slightly higher that is
condensed in spinach thus it can be considered that spinach in terms of cadmium has
bioaccumulation.
Difference Between Environmental Science and Environmental ChemistryAMIR HASSAN
Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places.
Environmental science deals with ecosystem maintenance; by using the combined knowledge of the science fields that include the area of physics, geography, astro, biology and chemistry.
Environmental Science & Environmental Chemistry in
Contamination and Pollution
Environmental Science & Environmental Chemistry in
The Atmosphere
Environmental Science & Environmental Chemistry in
The water
Environmental Science & Environmental Chemistry in
The Soil and Rocks
Environmental Science & Environmental Chemistry in
The Trace Toxics
Pollution is a global topic on which many scientists are working day in day out to find newer techniques to reduce it. Major pollutants include dust, effluent, harmful gases, etc. which cause major problems to the Earth’s health. One such pollutant found in the surrounding is the VOC. - ( Uploaded by - Sangram Nandawaekar.)
Environment is one of the most important determinant of health. It includes the physical,biological and psychosocial environment. sustainable environment is needed to acquire good health. Environment is effected by many factors, so health is.
In this Greening Governance seminar, leading air pollution experts highlight the challenges of reducing ozone pollution.
Join the conversation: #GreeningGovernance, #airpollution, #ozone, #ozonepollution
Learn more:
● Determination of the Thresholds of the Climatic Classification According to the Discharges in the Upper Senegal River Basin
● Distribution of Respiratory Tract Infectious Diseases in Relation to Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentration in Selected Urban Centres in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
● Geo-spatial Analysis of the Impacts of Urbanization-induced Activities on Soil Quality in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State-Nigeria
● Mitigation of Climate Change: too little or too much
● The Differences between County, County-level City and Municipal District in the System of Administrative Divisions in China
Case studies in improving urban air qualityngocjos
IGU study finds that the switch to natural gas helps mega-cities dramatically improve air quality and reduce emissions of GHG and air pollutants – enhancing and saving lives. On the sidelines of the COP21 negotiations in Paris the IGU has released a major study that highlights the interconnection that exists between reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing emissions of other air pollutants. It presents case studies of efforts in four cities — New York, Istanbul, Toronto, and Beijing — that have tackled or are tackling the issue of improving urban air quality and where gas has featured as the main contributor to their efforts. These cities can provide lessons for other cities seeking to reduce the potentially severe health consequences of urban air pollution.
Post-Fertilization and Formation & Development of Seed and Fruit.pdfJLoknathDora
This is a notes type content for the Maharashtra board 12th std students of subject biology. The content is the 3rd part of the 1st chapter namely "Reproduction in Lower and Higher Plants". For detail understanding the chapter and convenience or either simplicity I've separated out the chapter into three parts.
The 3rd part named as " Post-Fertilization and Formation & Development " which includes necessary items which are utmost for the board exams preparation. In this, the results from the reproduction of plants will be studying. The pictures and content I'd referred from the latest textbook of Maharashtra State board, old textbook, Internet, etc.
Get aware about the nature's depletion by humans and take a step towards the conservation as well as protection of our nature.
#conserve nature, conserve future.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
1. Satish Pradhan
Dnyanasadhana College, Thane.
•
Department of Chemistry
Organises Certificate Course on
Chemistry in Context
(To Uncover the Chemistry in Everyday Life)
Dr.Bhagure G.R.
26.12.20016 1
2. Date Time Module Name and Topic Topic to be covered
18/05/2021
Tuesday
11:30 am to
01:00 pm
The Air We Breathe :Components in Air,
Air Pollution and Properties of Gases
Air Quality Life Index,
Air Pollution Data, Terms Involved,
Investigating Air Pollution
Air Quality Life
Index,
Air Pollution Data,
Terms Involved,
Investigating Air
Pollution,
20/05/2021
Thursday
11:30 am to
01:00 pm
Water Every where:
The Chemistry of Natural Waters the
Uniqueness of Water -From Its
Molecular Structure- Polarity, Hydrogen
Bonding, Cohesion, Surface Tension,
Water Cycle, Pollution of Water, Water
Analysis
, Surface Tension,
Water Cycle,
Pollution of Water,
Water Analysis
28/05/2021
Friday
10:00 am to
11:00 am
Forensic Chemistry: Early History of
Forensic Chemistry, Analytical
Techniques Used for Specialised Case
Si-Dentification of Drugs and Poisons,
Investigation of Arson Cases, Dye and
Ink Analysis, Drunk and Drive Cases
Forensic Chemistry:
Early History of
Forensic Chemistry,
Analytical
Techniques Used for
Specialised Case Si-
Dentification of
Drugs and Poisons
3. The Air We Breathe
The Air We
Breathe
Air Quality Life
Index,
Air Pollution
Data
Terms Involved,
Investigating
Air Pollution
5. 1 tree we have plant
Care should be taken by you
It will extend benefit to
your genaeration
6. Air Quality Life Index
Air quality is a measure of the
suitability of air for breathing by
people, plants and animals. On
average, a person inhales about
14,000 litres of air every day.
Therefore, poor air quality may
affect the quality of life now and for
future generations by affecting the
health, the environment, the
economy and the city’s livability
https://cpcb.nic.in/upload/NAAQS_2019.pdf
9. India is today the world’s second most polluted country. Air pollution shortens the average
Indian life expectancy by 5.2 years, relative to what it would be if the World Health
Organization (WHO) guideline was met; 2.3 years relative to what it would be if pollution
were reduced to meet the country’s own national standard. Some areas of India fare much
worse than average, with air pollution shortening lives by 9.4 years in the capital of Delhi
and 8.6 years in Uttar Pradesh, the most polluted state.
10. • In India, average PM2.5 concentration in
2018 was 63 micron per cubic meter.
A new analysis of the Air Quality Life
Index (AQLI) produced by the Energy
Policy Institute at the University of
Chicago (EPIC) found that across India's
total population, life expectancy would
increase by 5.2 years if pollution is
reduced in accordance with WHO
guidelines.
"The particulate pollution has sharply
increased over time. Since 1998, average
annual particulate pollution has
increased 42 per ..
Read more at:
•
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/
news/politics-and-nation/air-pollution-
shortened-average-indian-life-
expectancy-by-5-2-years-
report/articleshow/77222957.cms?utm
_source=contentofinterest&utm_mediu
m=text&utm_campaign=cppst
11.
12.
13. NCAP
India is not away from air pollution
problem. Many cities are highly polluted, to
overcome this Indian Government came
with National Clean Air Programme4,5.
National Clean Air Programme (NCAP),
launched in 2019, is India’s flagship
program for better air quality in 122 cities.
NCAP categories 122 cities from 21 states
and 2 union territories as non-attainment of
National Ambient Air Quality Standard.
Maharashtra has the most cities (18)
followed by Uttar Pradesh (15). Thane city
is also designated under the NCAP for
reducing Air Pollution.
14. AQLI is a pollution index
• The AQLI is a pollution index that translates particulate air
pollution into perhaps the most important metric that exists: its
impact on life expectancy. Developed by the University of Chicago’s
Milton Friedman Dinstinguished Service Professor in Economics
Michael Greenstone and his team at the Energy Policy Institute at
the University of Chicago (EPIC),
• The AQLI is rooted in recent research that quantifies the causal
relationship between long-term human exposure to air pollution and life
expectancy.
• The Index then combines this research with hyper-localized, global
particulate measurements, yielding unprecedented insight into the true
cost of particulate pollution in communities around the world.
• The Index also illustrates how air pollution policies can increase life
expectancy when they meet the World Health Organization’s guideline
for what is considered a safe level of exposure, existing national air
quality standards, or userdefined air quality levels. local communities
and policymakers about the importance of air pollution policies in
concrete terms.
15. Air Pollution Data
• National Air Quality Index (NAQI) was launched by Hon’ble Prime
Minister on 6th April, 2015 with the objective for dissemination
of Air Quality information to the public. Computation of AQI is
done using real-time data of Continuous Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring Stations. This index will help the people to know
about the level of pollution in the ambient air on daily basis. The
AQI Display has been increased from the initial 10 cities to
currently 114 cities in 20 States/UTs of India. Total 208
Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations all over the
country are connected with NAQI.
• The AQI consider eight pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO,
O3, NH3, and Pb), it is calculated only if data are available for
minimum three pollutants out of which one should necessarily be
either PM2.5 or PM10. There are six AQI categories namely,
Good, Satisfactory, Moderate, Poor, Very Poor, and Severe. The
AQI values and corresponding ambient concentrations (health
breakpoints) as well as associated likely health impacts are as
follows
16.
17. Air
pollution
• Any undesirable solid, liquid, or gaseous matter in a gaseous or liquid medium
can be called as air pollution OR
Air
pollution
• Air pollution is defined by the Engineers Joint Council as "the presence in the
outdoor atmosphere of one or more contaminants, such as dust, fumes, gas,
mist, odor, smoke, or vapor
Primary
Pollutant
• a pollutant emitted into the atmosphere from an identifiable source
Secondary
pollutant
• a pollutant formed by chemical reaction in the atmosphere.
Terms Involved in Air Pollution Study
18. Free
radical:
• A molecular fragment or an ion that has one or more
unpaired electrons, rendering it highly reactive
Role of Free
radical
• free radicals play a significant role in the production of
aldehydes (q.v.), ketones (q.v.), acetyl nitro peroxide
(see peroxide, acetyl nitro), and other constituents of
photochemical smog (q.v.).
Particulate
matter
• All solid and liquid particles in the air that are small
enough not to settle out on to the earth's surface under
the influence of gravity
19. Particulate Matter
• Sea salt, soil dust, volcanic particles, smoke from forest fires
account for particulate emissions each year.
• Small particles are removed from the atmosphere by accretion
to water droplets, which grow in size until they are large
enough to precipitate.
• Larger particles are removed by direct washout by falling
raindrops.
21. Particulate Matter
Particulate matter contains microscopic solids or liquid
droplets that are so small that they can be inhaled and
cause serious health problems.
22. Suspended particulate
matter (SPM) are finely
divided solids or liquids that
may be dispersed through the
air from combustion
processes, industrial activities
or natural sources.
Source Publication: Glossary
of Environment Statistics,
Studies in Methods, Series F,
No. 67, United Nations, New
York, 1997.
High Volume Sampler for sampling of Suspended Particulate Matter
23. Air
Pollutants
Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5) Particulate
matter (PM) is a complex pollutant as it contains a
variety of components in variable concentrations. ...
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) ...
Ozone (O3) ...
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) ...
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) ...
Carbon Monoxide (CO) ...
Lead (Pb) ...
Toxic Organic Micro-Pollutants (TOMPs)
27. Ambient sampling
The definite area is selected for sampling.
Sampling stations are decided on the basis
of grid pattern.
Sampling of atmospheric gases should be
carried out region wise and area wise and
time wise.
For. Ex. Sampling of atmospheric air in
Thane city
28. Stack sampling: Sampling of
gases released from industry is
called as stack sampling.
PLANT
Industry
Opening
for
sampling
of gas
29. Stack sampling
Industrial gases are
generally sampled
continuously.
While sampling it should
be ensured that sample
collected should
represent constant
fraction of total flow of
all portions of streams
are sampled.
30. Analysis of Air Pollutant
Manual Analysis (GC and
Spectrophotometers)
Concentration meters
Continuous analysers
32. Continuous Analyser
•Continuous Analyser are automatic devices that
continuously introduce the air sample and record
the output either continuously or with Intervals
.Such devices have a standard gas generators built
in ,and introduce the standard gas in place of
sample on average once a day , check the sensitivity
and adjust it as necessary so that the equipment's
involved usually tend to rather large
36. Date Time Module Name and Topic Topic to be covered
18/05/2021
Tuesday
11:30 am to
01:00 pm
The Air We Breathe :Components in Air,
Air Pollution and Properties of Gases
Air Quality Life Index,
Air Pollution Data, Terms Involved,
Investigating Air Pollution
Air Quality Life
Index,
Air Pollution Data,
Terms Involved,
Investigating Air
Pollution,
20/05/2021
Thursday
11:30 am to
01:00 pm
Water Every where:
The Chemistry of Natural Waters the
Uniqueness of Water -From Its
Molecular Structure- Polarity, Hydrogen
Bonding, Cohesion, Surface Tension,
Water Cycle, Pollution of Water, Water
Analysis
, Surface Tension,
Water Cycle,
Pollution of Water,
Water Analysis
28/05/2021
Friday
10:00 am to
11:00 am
Forensic Chemistry: Early History of
Forensic Chemistry, Analytical
Techniques Used for Specialised Case
Si-Dentification of Drugs and Poisons,
Investigation of Arson Cases, Dye and
Ink Analysis, Drunk and Drive Cases
Forensic Chemistry:
Early History of
Forensic Chemistry,
Analytical
Techniques Used for
Specialised Case Si-
Dentification of
Drugs and Poisons
39. Surface Tension
• Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces to shrink into
the minimum surface area possible. Surface tension is what
allows heavier than water i.e., denser than water objects such
as razor blades, insects (e.g. water striders), to float and slide
on a water surface without becoming even partly submerged.
40.
41.
42. Pollution of Water
• Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is
the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of
human activities.
• Water bodies include for example lakes, rivers, oceans,
aquifers and groundwater. ... Point sources have one
identifiable cause of the pollution, such as a storm drain or
a wastewater treatment plant.
43. • The following precautions were taken while collecting the samples:
• a) The plastic containers having a five litre capacity were used for the
• collection and storage of water samples. These containers are resistant to
• the solution action.
• b) The containers were thoroughly cleaned with 6 N Nitric acid, washed
• and rinsed before every collection.
• c) For each station, separate container was used.
• d) Surface water samples were collected from different locations of the
• lake and mixed to get representative sample of the lake.
• e) The collected samples were labeled properly and record was made
• of date, pH and electrical conductivity in the field itself.
44. • Samples were filtered through Whatman No. 41 filter paper and analysis
of filtered water samples was carried out to determine the
• total dissolved solids,
• total hardness (as CaCO3 and MgCO3),
• total alkalinity (as CaCO3),
• Dissolved oxygen,
• chemical oxygen demand,
• chloride,
• sulphate,
• nitrate,
• phosphate,
• calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium.
• The chemical analysis of different constituents of water samples was
carried out by following the standard procedures available in the literature
209,211
46. Chemical
Analysis of
Water
total dissolved solids,
total hardness (as CaCO3
and MgCO3),
total alkalinity (as CaCO3),
Dissolved oxygen,
chemical oxygen demand,
chloride,
sulphate,
nitrate,
phosphate,
calcium, magnesium, sodium
and potassium
50. Chemical Oxygen Demand
• (v) Chemical Oxygen Demand
• In this method, the sample is refluxed with a known amount of
potassium dichromate and strong sulphuric acid, followed by
addition of silver sulphate and mercuric sulphate. After cooling and
dilution up to 140 ml, the excess of the dichromate is titrated with
ferrous ammonium sulphate with the help of ferroin indicator which
changes its colour from blue green to reddish brown. The reaction
involved in this process is shown below:
51. Chemical Oxygen Demand
• A) Potassium dichromate solution (0.25N): Dissolve 12.259 g of dried
• A.R. grade K2Cr2O7 is distilled water to make 1 liter of solution.
• (b) Ferrous ammonium sulphate (FAS) (0.1 N): Dissolve 39.39 g of
• ferrous ammonium sulphate, Fe (NH4)2 (SO4)2.6H20, in distilled
• water. Add 20 ml of concentrated H2SO4 to it, cool and make the
• volume 1 liter.
52.
53. Total Hardness
• Reagents:
• a) Ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer: Dissolve 16.9 g of ammonium
• chloride (NH4Cl) in 143 ml of concentrated ammonium hydroxide
• (NH4OH)
• b) EDTA solution (0.01M): Dissolve 3.723 g of disodium salt of EDTA
• in distilled water to make 1 litre of solution.
• c) Sodium Sulphide Inhibitor: 5 g of Na2S. 9H2O or 3.7 g Na2S.5H2O
• in 100 ml of distilled water. It inhibits the effect of heavy metals.
• d) Eriochrome Black T Indicator: Mix 0.40g of Eriochrome Black T,
• with 100 g NaCl l(AR) and grind.
