1. Title:-Air pollutants on environment
A Lab case studywork submitted to
GITAM University under the partial fulfillment of
B.Tech (Year-AIML-B) during 2020-21
By
Name:-T.Yashwanth
Id Number:-322010301023
Under the guidance of sir
Mr.Sab
GITAM UNIVERSITY
(Deemed to be University)
2. SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY , NAGADENAHALLI,
BENGALURU-562163
DECLARATION
We declare that the lab case study work entitled ”Air pollutants on environment” Was carried
out by us during “5-07-2021 “and thus work is not the same as that of any other and has not
been submitted for award of any other degree/diploma
Place:-T.Yashwanth
Date:-05-07-2021
4. INTRODUCTION:
An air pollutant is a material in the air that can have adverse effects on humans and
the ecosystem. The substance can be solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. A
pollutant can be of natural origin or man-made. Pollutants are classified as primary
or secondary.
5. Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. Car emissions, chemicals from factories, dust, pollen
and mold spores may be suspended as particles. Ozone, a gas, is a major part of air pollution in cities. When ozone
forms air pollution, it's also called smog. Some air pollutants are poisonous.
6. AIM:-
The overall aim of the proposed research is to further understand the link between air pollution levels and chemical
composition and to investigate and assess the effects of air pollution on the distribution of related health impacts,
socio-economics and welfare in the Nordic countries.
OBJECTIVES:-
The overall aim of the proposed research is to further understand the link between air pollution levels and chemical
composition and to investigate and assess the effects of air pollution on the distribution of related health impacts,
socio-economics and welfare in the Nordic countries. In pursuing this aim, the following objectives will be
investigated:
7. 1. High spatial resolution emissions: Performing a detailed common Nordic emission inventory Down to 1
km x 1 km resolution, based on emission databases in the individual Nordic countries. Official data
available will be used as well as preparation and incorporation of additional spatial disaggregation
proxies in order to achieve the high spatial resolution emission inventory needed for the air quality
modelling. Different methodologies and proxies used in different countries will be analysed and
preferable methodologies recommended. Special attention will be given to sources with large
contribution to the total emissions in the Nordic countries, specifically residential wood combustion.
The emission inventory will be conducted in WP1 and will be input to WP2.
2. Integrated modelling: Setting up of a state-of-the-art advanced and integrated air pollution model
system from hemispheric scale, European scale, and national scale, for calculation and assessment of
high resolution (down to 1 km x 1 km resolution) air pollution levels and human exposure, including
assessing the contribution related to different emission sectors and regions. This work is carried out in
WP2. The results will be hourly values of air pollutants, on a 1 km x 1 km resolution covering the Nordic
countries over several decades (input to WP3).
3. Health effects of air pollution: Investigate the potential causal impact of individual chemical air
pollutants as well as mixtures of air pollutants on health outcomes. In pursuing this aim, we utilize the
unique Nordic population-based registers allowing linkage between historical residential address, air
pollutants over decades and later health outcomes. By linking the exposure to health outcomes, new
exposure-response relationships are determined of health effects for different popultion Groups (e.g.
age, education, ethnicity, gender, lifestyle, and working life vs. retirement conditions) related to air
pollution for the individual chemical air pollutants. The objective will be conducted in WP3.
8. 4. Assessment and quantification of health impacts: An assessment and quantification of overall negative health
outcomes of air pollution in terms of premature deaths, hospital admissions, days of reduced activity, respiratory
diseases, mental disorders, etc. on high resolution down to 1 km x 1 km in the Nordic countries for the different
popultion groups, using the integrated model system EVA, based on the impact pathway chain. The EVA system will
be further developed utilizing the new exposure-response relationships found in WP3 and will be carried out in
WP4.
5. Distribution of welfare and challenges for the Nordic welfare systems: Assessment and quantification of socio-
economic impacts from air pollution and effects on distribution of welfare in the Nordic countries. This will be
related to explaining and reducing inequalities in the distribution of health depending on population group and the
challenges these thus imply for the Nordic welfare systems. The objective is to increase insight into the effect of
demographic, social, and environmental factors on the distribution of health and well-being. This work will be
conducted in WP5.
9. Causes of air pollution:-
We have listed 10 common air pollution causes along with the effects that have serious implication on your health
on a daily basis.
1.The Burning of Fossil Fuels.
2.Industrial Emission.
3. Wildfires.
4. Microbial Decaying Process.
5.Indoor Air Pollution.
6.Transportation.
7.Open Burning of Garbage Waste.
8.Construction and Demolition.
1. The Burning of Fossil Fuels :-
Most of the air pollution takes place due to the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, gasoline to
produce energy for electricity or transportation. The release of carbon monoxide in high level indicates how much
fossil fuel is burned. This also emits other toxic pollutants in the air. Inhaling air induced with pollutants due to the
burning of natural gas and fossil fuel reduces heart’s ability to pump enough oxygen causing one to suffer
respiratory illness.
10. 2. Industrial Emission:-
Industrial activities emit several pollutants in the air that affects the air quality more than we can even
imagine. Particulate matter 2.5 and 10, Nitrogen dioxide, Sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide are key pollutants
that are emitted from industries that use coal and wood as their primary energy source for production of their
goods. Industrial pollution effects associated with your health can range from irritation in your eyes and throat to
breathing issues, at times can even lead to chronic illness.
3. Wildfires:-
Climate change is not just increasing wildfire but also spiking air pollution. Burning stubble and farm
residue is also a major contribution to wildfire. It causes increased PM 2.5 in the air which collides with other
harmful substances like chemical gas and pollen creating smog. Smog makes the air hazy and people find it difficult
to breathe.
4. Microbial Decaying Process:-
Manufacturing, chemical, and textiles industries release a large number of carbon monoxides,
hydrocarbons, chemicals and organic compounds which contaminate our environment. Bacteria and fungi play a
fundamental role in the biogeochemical cycles in nature. They are the key indicators of abnormal environmental
conditions. Decaying of these microorganisms present in the surrounding releases methane gas which is highly
toxic. Breathing toxic gas like methane may lead to death.
11. Disadvantages :-
The main 8 negative effects that air pollution is causing worldwide:
Global Warming.
Climate Change.
Acid Rain.
Smog effect.
Deterioration of fields.
Extinction of animal species.
Respiratory health problems.
Deterioration in building materials.
12. CONCLUSION:-
To summarise, Our natural environment makes human life possible, and our cultural
environment helps define who we are. It is therefore essential that our population and economic
growth are environmentally sustainable.
----------------------------------------------THE END--------------------------------------------------
