The document discusses air quality and pollution. It defines key terms like air quality, combustion, photosynthesis, pollution, and respiration. It provides data on the composition of gases in air. It also discusses pollutants like nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide that are produced by combustion of fossil fuels. The harmful effects of these pollutants are outlined. Methods to reduce pollution from power stations, transportation, and taxation are also mentioned.

1. Air Quality Creative Commons CC G Hoey/All Saints Catholic High School 2009

2. Air Quality - Revision Match the statements: Air Quality Combustion Photosynthesis Pollutant Respiration A chemical reaction using light energy to change carbon dioxide and water to sugars and oxygen A chemical reaction in living cells which uses oxygen and sugars to make energy A measure of how free the air is from pollution Another word for burning, a chemical reaction between fuels and oxygen that gives out heat energy A substance present in the environment resulting from human activities that can harm the environment or our health Creative Commons CC G Hoey/All Saints Catholic High School 2009

3. Gases in the air 21% 1% 78% % nitrogen oxygen argon Creative Commons CC G Hoey/All Saints Catholic High School 2009

4. Data Handling For the following data set, give; 7 6 5 4 6 8 5 7 12 12 4 to 8 48/8 =6 The outlier The range The mean The best estimate The mean, 6 fdn hgr Creative Commons CC G Hoey/All Saints Catholic High School 2009

5. Data Handling - higher London York Baslow NO 2 ppm x x x X = mean True or false? Mean pollution in London is higher than mean pollution in York True value of NO 2 in York is lower than that in London There is a real difference between the NO 2 pollution in London and York There is a real difference between the NO2 pollution in Baslow and York     Creative Commons CC G Hoey/All Saints Catholic High School 2009

6. Reactions Which of the following are reactions? H 2 O(l)  H 2 O(s) freezing C(s) + O 2  CO 2 (g) combustion CH 4 (g) + 3O 2 (g)  CO 2 (g) + 2H 2 O(g) In chemical reactions, the atoms are rearranged, new substances are formed.    hgr fdn Creative Commons CC G Hoey/All Saints Catholic High School 2009

7. Pollutants Fossil fuels are largely hydrocarbons which are compounds of c_____ and h_______. When fossil fuels burn in a__, c_____ d_____ and w____ are always formed . Other gases which can be made are: c_____ ________ s_____ ______ n_______ oxides fdn Creative Commons CC G Hoey/All Saints Catholic High School 2009

8. Pollutants Fossil fuels are largely hydrocarbons which are compounds of ______ and ________. When fossil fuels burn in ___, ______ ______ and _____ are always formed . Other gases which can be made are: c_____ ________ s_____ ______ n_______ oxides Creative Commons CC G Hoey/All Saints Catholic High School 2009

9. Pollutants Match the names, formulae and diagrams Particulate (carbon) Carbon dioxide Water Nitrogen monoxide Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen dioxide Carbon monoxide C H 2 O CO NO 2 CO 2 NO SO 2 Creative Commons CC G Hoey/All Saints Catholic High School 2009

10. Combustion Equations Complete the equation C 2 H 4 + 3O 2  ? CO 2 + ? H 2 O 2 2 In chemical reactions, no atoms are created or destroyed Creative Commons CC G Hoey/All Saints Catholic High School 2009

11. Harmful effects of pollution Nitrogen oxides Sulfur dioxide Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide carbon Makes acid rain – harmful to life, corrodes stone and metalwork Toxic – prevents oxygen entering the blood Global warming Makes everything dirty Makes breathing difficult Makes breathing difficult Creative Commons CC G Hoey/All Saints Catholic High School 2009

12. Reducing pollution Power stations -- flue gas desulfurisation -- gas fired -- nuclear Renewable energy sources – e.g. wind, HEP, solar Transport -- catalytic convertors -- lean burn engines -- electric cars -- alternative fuels, e.g. gas, hydrogen -- public transport Tax -- e.g. congestion charges Creative Commons CC G Hoey/All Saints Catholic High School 2009