This document discusses various types of air pollution including smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and the ozone hole. Smog occurs when dust and chemicals float in humid air, posing health risks. It contains sulfur dioxide from burning fuels. Acid rain forms when sulfur and nitrogen oxides from fuel combustion react with water, lowering the pH. The greenhouse effect involves carbon dioxide trapping heat in the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion. The ozone hole is a phenomenon where chlorine from freon compounds thins the ozone layer, increasing UV exposure.

1. AIR POLLUTION
Chemistry

2. What is it?
◦ Air pollution is a condition in
which chemical substances
have a negative impact on
the environment, including:
people, animals or soil.
◦ Most polluted air is produced
by heating devices and, for
example, garbage thrown into
them.
◦ Below we present the
sources of pollution and their
division.

3. Biodegradation
◦ This is the process of bacteria
decomposing various chemical
substances into simpler compounds; only
some of the produced plastics
(detergents) undergo this activity.

4. Smog🌫️
◦ Smog is created by dust and chemical compounds floating in humid
places that pose a threat to human life. Smog is acidic due to the
sulfur dioxide it contains, produced by burning fuels.
◦ The name comes from English and is a combination of two words –
smoke-fog = SMOG
Why does smog occur?
◦ Big fog
◦ No wind
What consequences does it bring?
◦ For people: asthma, watery eyes, cough, allergies
◦ For the environment: reduced plant growth, animal diseases.
Sulfur dioxide from fuel impurities is the main cause of acid rain.

5. Acid rain
◦ Rainwater is more acidic than regular rain. In
natural rainfall, the pH ranges between 5 and
6 because rainwater contains dissolved
carbon dioxide, which forms dilute carbonic
acid. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides produced
during fuel combustion react with water in
the atmosphere. Sulfuric and nitric acids are
then formed, lowering the pH of rainwater to
approximately 3.

6. Greenhouse effect
◦ It involves trapping solar energy
in the Earth's atmosphere, which
contains carbon dioxide, which
leads to an increase in average
temperature. The source of an
increasing amount of CO2 is the
combustion of fossil fuels.

7. The ozone hole
◦ A phenomenon occurring in the upper parts of the
atmosphere of the gradual disappearance of the natural
ozone layer, which protects the Earth from harmful
ultraviolet radiation. This effect is believed to be
accelerated by the presence of chlorine, which
accelerates the reaction of the breakdown of ozone into
oxygen. Chlorine comes mainly from the breakdown of
compounds such as halogens. These include Freon
used in aerosols or cooling liquid in refrigerators.
Although international efforts are currently being made to
reduce the use of freons, some scientific communities
believe that the effort in this direction must be even
greater

8. Heated sewage
◦ Fluids used from power
plants of other plants
increase the temperature of
water, which in turn reduces
the amount of oxygen
dissolved in it and disturbs
the natural balance of the
water environment.

9. Eutrophication
◦ This means too much plant development due to the
excess of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in the
water. These compounds come from artificial fertilizers.
◦ Eutrophication reduces the oxygen content in water, which
leads to the disappearance of aquatic flora and fauna.

10. The
whole
process

11. THE
RESEARCH
We examined the
condition and
quality of the air
for several days,
simultaneously
taking
measurements
and recording
them.

12. The weather
and days

13. Conclusion
◦ 1. There is more smog and various other pollutants in the
evenings because a lot of people smoke in stoves, which
adversely affects the environment
◦ 2. On a windy/warm day, there is less smog because
pollutants stay close to the ground and do not spread quickly.

14. ◦ Wikipedia
◦ The book used – „Ilustrowany słownik Chemia”
◦ Thanks for your attention!
◦ Maja Dziub Zuzanna Owczarek
◦ 7B