4. “
“Momentum is the product of the mass
of a particle and its velocity.”
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5. Represented by:
Symbol “p”
Formula:
p = m v
Unit:
kg • m/s.
Depends on:
◉ How fast object moves
◉ How much object moves
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Examples:
◉ A baseball flying through the air.
◉ A heavy truck moving.
◉ A bullet fired from a gun
Momentum
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6. ◉ If we consider a car in motion, it
will also have a momentum of:
p= mv
◉ A force must be applied over
some duration of time to bring
the car to rest.
◉ There are two ways to stop the
motion of the car by force.
◉ A small force acting over a long
time will do it if you take the foot
off the gas and let the road’s
friction stop the car.
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◉ A large force acting over a short
time could do it like firmly
applying the brakes to the tires.
This is where concept of impulse
comes in.
Example of a moving car
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8. “
“Impulse is a term that quantifies the
overall effect of a force acting over
time.”
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9. Represented by:
Symbol “J”
Formula:
Impulse = Force × (final time – initial
time)
Impulse = Force × Δt
J = F x Δt
Unit:
Newton-seconds
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Impulse
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11. “
“The impulse due to all forces acting on
an object is equal to the change in
momentum of the object.”
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12. Derivation:
Relationship between impulse
and momentum can be shown
by:
J = F x Δt
J = (ma) x Δt
J= m (∆v/ t)t
J = m ∆v
J = ∆p
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Therefore we can conclude:
“Impulse is the amount of
change in an object’s
momentum.”
Relation between Impulse & Momentum
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13. ◉ If you fall from a roof onto the
ground, you will hurt.
◉ If you fall from a roof onto a
trampoline, it will not hurt as
much.
◉ The change of momentum won’t
happen instantly.
◉ It will be delivered over the
entire duration of your contact
with the trampoline.
◉ Impulse will be higher, impact is
reduced.
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Without and with trampoline:
Same phenomenon applied in air
bubble packaging.
Example of trampoline
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15. “
“Bubble Wrap is a plastic sheet with air
bubbles that people use to safeguard
things while being moved from one
place to another.”
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16. ◉ Bubble wrap refers to a
protective plastic sheeting used
to prevent fragile items from
breaking when they are moved
or shipped.
◉ Two sides: 1. One side of the
sheet is flat 2. The other side is
has small, round plastic bubbles
filled with air.
◉ Bubble wrap is usually sold in
long rolls or large, flat sheets.
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Benefits:
1. Used more than once
2. Adaptable and versatile
3. Light in weight
Bubble Wrap
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17. ◉ It is made with polyethylene resin in
form of beads.
◉ The bubbles in the wrap aren't
completely blown up.
◉ There's extra plastic otherwise it
would pop and lose all its ability to
absorb as much force upon impact
and with the extra space.
◉ This provides cushioning for when
force is applied.
◉ Thus it cushions the impact from
when it hits the floor.
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◉ It absorbs the impact and the force
goes on the bubble wrap and not on
not as much onto the object the
bubble wrap is wrapped around.
Design of bubble wrap
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18. ◉ Bubble wrap weakens the force or
intensity of the object when it falls, or
hits something.
◉ It acts as a shock absorber.
◉ Helps to absorb the kinetic energy of
the object colliding with its
surroundings.
◉ Bubble wrap provides a force by
time, which is known as impulse.
◉ The more time the force has to act
on the object to slow it down
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◉ Damage caused is lessened to the
object or person that the bubble
wrap is wrapped around.
Why bubble wrap?
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19. ◉ We wrap a box in bubble wrap and
drop it on the floor.
◉ Bubble wrap is like a crumple zone.
◉ The trapped air in the bubbles
crumples up when the parcel
wrapped is dropped.
◉ The crumpling process takes time
which means that the change in
momentum lasts longer.
◉ So the rate of change of momentum
is less so the force that would break
or scratch the package is reduced.
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◉ It lengthens the impulse which
makes the impact lower.
◉ Thus, damage caused is lessened
to the object or person that the
bubble wrap is wrapped around.
How does bubble wrap work?
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