Modals are auxiliary verbs that function as building blocks in different verb constructions. Their position in the sentence indicates whether it is a question or statement. There are two types of modals: non-inflecting (modal) verbs that only occur with main verbs, such as can, may, must. Be, have, and do inflect for person and tense and can also function as main verbs. Modals have limited forms compared to be and have. Common paraphrases are used when modals are missing forms, such as "be able to" for can and may, "have to" for must. Modals can have multiple meanings depending on context.
Modals are auxiliary verbs that function as building blocks in different verb constructions. Their position in the sentence indicates whether it is a question or statement. There are two types of modals: non-inflecting (modal) verbs that only occur with main verbs, such as can, may, must. Be, have, and do inflect for person and tense and can also function as main verbs. Modals have limited forms compared to be and have. Common paraphrases are used when modals are missing forms, such as "be able to" for can and may, "have to" for must. Modals can have multiple meanings depending on context.
The document discusses the imperfect tense in Finnish. It provides examples of regular and irregular verbs in the imperfect tense and how to form wh- and yes/no questions in the imperfect. It includes exercises to practice conjugating common verbs in the imperfect tense and examples of expressions used to indicate past time frames.
The document discusses the past perfect tense, which is used to indicate that an action was completed before something else in the past occurred. It provides examples of using the past perfect tense to refer to actions that had been finished prior to other past events, such as "I had visited my sister before she went to Mexico." The construction of the past perfect tense is also explained as auxiliary verb + had + past participle.
The document provides information about passive voice, including:
- The passive voice uses some form of "to be" (am, is, are, was, were) plus the past participle of the main verb.
- In the passive voice, the subject receives the action rather than performs it.
- Examples are provided to illustrate transforming sentences from active to passive voice by changing the subject and using a form of "to be" plus the past participle.
The document provides examples of sentences using the grammatical structure "used to + infinitive" including affirmative, negative, and question forms. It gives sample sentences such as "I used to live in a flat when I was a child" and "She used to love eating chocolate, but now she hates it" to demonstrate how to form sentences in the past tense discussing habitual or repeated actions that are no longer true.
Present perfect & present perfect continuous Maria Sofea
This document provides an overview of the present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense in English grammar. It explains that the present perfect tense is used to describe an action that began in the past and either continues in the present or is completed. The present perfect continuous tense describes an action that began in the past and is ongoing. It provides examples and explanations of how to form sentences in these tenses, including conjugating verbs according to pronoun cases. Exercises are included for the reader to practice changing verbs to these tenses.
This document provides suggestions for expressing personal opinions and general opinions. When expressing a personal opinion, use phrases like "in my opinion" or "as I see it." Provide reasons and evidence to support your personal view. When expressing a general opinion, avoid absolute statements and attribute the view to "some people" or "most people." Provide details to back up the general opinion. You can agree or disagree with others' opinions as long as you have reasons for your own view. The document encourages respectful discussion and exchange of different perspectives.
The document discusses the imperfect tense in Finnish. It provides examples of regular and irregular verbs in the imperfect tense and how to form wh- and yes/no questions in the imperfect. It includes exercises to practice conjugating common verbs in the imperfect tense and examples of expressions used to indicate past time frames.
The document discusses the past perfect tense, which is used to indicate that an action was completed before something else in the past occurred. It provides examples of using the past perfect tense to refer to actions that had been finished prior to other past events, such as "I had visited my sister before she went to Mexico." The construction of the past perfect tense is also explained as auxiliary verb + had + past participle.
The document provides information about passive voice, including:
- The passive voice uses some form of "to be" (am, is, are, was, were) plus the past participle of the main verb.
- In the passive voice, the subject receives the action rather than performs it.
- Examples are provided to illustrate transforming sentences from active to passive voice by changing the subject and using a form of "to be" plus the past participle.
The document provides examples of sentences using the grammatical structure "used to + infinitive" including affirmative, negative, and question forms. It gives sample sentences such as "I used to live in a flat when I was a child" and "She used to love eating chocolate, but now she hates it" to demonstrate how to form sentences in the past tense discussing habitual or repeated actions that are no longer true.
Present perfect & present perfect continuous Maria Sofea
This document provides an overview of the present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense in English grammar. It explains that the present perfect tense is used to describe an action that began in the past and either continues in the present or is completed. The present perfect continuous tense describes an action that began in the past and is ongoing. It provides examples and explanations of how to form sentences in these tenses, including conjugating verbs according to pronoun cases. Exercises are included for the reader to practice changing verbs to these tenses.
This document provides suggestions for expressing personal opinions and general opinions. When expressing a personal opinion, use phrases like "in my opinion" or "as I see it." Provide reasons and evidence to support your personal view. When expressing a general opinion, avoid absolute statements and attribute the view to "some people" or "most people." Provide details to back up the general opinion. You can agree or disagree with others' opinions as long as you have reasons for your own view. The document encourages respectful discussion and exchange of different perspectives.
Finnish has several distinctive features that make its language and pronunciation unique:
1) Gemination, where the first consonant of the following word is doubled if it begins with a vowel.
2) Long and short vowels that impact pronunciation and meaning.
3) Consonant gradation where consonants like K, P, and T change form depending on suffixes added.
4) A complex system of stems, suffixes, endings and cases that determine verbs, nouns and their relationships in sentences.
The document provides examples of spoken Finnish language used in various everyday situations and contexts. It includes common phrases, verbs, pronouns and questions used for introducing oneself, asking for and giving information, making requests, discussing present and past events, needs, activities, locations and travel plans. The document is intended to help learners practice and familiarize themselves with colloquial spoken Finnish.
Johan Ludvig Runeberg was a Finnish poet celebrated on Runeberg Day each February 5th by eating Runberg Cakes. The document provides a recipe for Runberg Cakes in Finnish, including instructions for making the dough, baking the muffins, and decorating them with raspberry jam and icing sugar. It notes that Runeberg apparently enjoyed these cakes, and that his wife Fredrika, herself a writer and pioneer for women in journalism, was originally known for baking the cakes that bear their name.
This document provides information about Finnish housing and living customs. It describes common house types like detached houses (omakotitalo), apartments of different sizes (yksio, kaksio, kolmio), and buildings with multiple apartments. It discusses housebuilding traditions like talkoot where neighbors help each other. It also covers housewarming party etiquette like bringing salt and bread as a gift and taking shoes off inside. Overall, the document aims to teach English learners vocabulary and expressions related to Finnish homes, invitations, and social interactions.
The document discusses the genitive case in Finnish. It notes that the ending of the singular genitive is -n. It is used to express possession like in English. The stem form without the -n ending is needed to form other cases in Finnish. It also discusses consonant changes that occur in different cases, like t becoming d, and provides examples like katu becoming kadun in the genitive case. It includes a table showing the main consonant changes that are integral to the Finnish language.
Finns enjoy reading, using libraries, and newspapers. They also enjoy social media, television, radio, and a variety of musical genres. Popular outdoor activities include ice hockey, baseball, skiing, cycling, and visiting saunas. Open-air dances are a part of Finnish culture where people gather to socialize and experience music and potential romance. Nature is an important part of Finnish life and culture.
This document provides vocabulary and phrases for talking about food and ordering in a restaurant in Finnish. It includes words for common foods, meals, drinks and dishes. Phrases are presented for having a conversation with a waiter at a restaurant where you can ask questions about the menu options and place an order. Specific foods that are highlighted include salmon, potato mash, mineral water, ice cream and coffee.
2. Kielto:
DON’T
DOESN’T
BE-verbin kielto: AM NOT, IS NOT, ARE NOT = ’m not, isn’t, aren’t
’YKSIKÖN 3. PERSOONA’ tekee:
konsonantin jälkeinen
y -> ie
ja
-ch, -x, -s, -z -> -es
She = NANCY /SOPHIA; He = PETER / KEVIN; it = the pool
Yleispreesensiä käytetään, kun puhutaan yleisesti nykyisyydestä, faktoista ja säännöllisestä
tai tavanomaisesta toiminnasta, aikataulutetusta tai rytmitetystä toiminnasta.
The next train leaves at 3.15 in the morning.
I play tennis every Friday.
The winters here are cold.
Water boils at 100 degrees.
4.
aikamuoto KESTOPREESENS/TAPAHTUU PARHAILLAAN; lähitulevaisuudessa:
I am, you are, (s)he is, we are, you are, they are…
+
-ing
Kaikissa aikamuodoissa on kestomuotonsa.
Ne ilmaisevat tyypillisesti prosessia, pitempään jatkuvaa toimintaa.
BE-verbi laitetaan haluttuun aikamuotoon ja pääverbin perusmuotoon
lisätään ing –pääte.
5. äydennä lauseet sopivalla verbin muodolla. Aikamuotona on kestopreesens.
kävellä, lähettää, kirjoittaa, kuunnella, piirtää
Tee lauseista kysymyslauseita. Aikamuotona on preesens ja kestopreesens.
Mitä apuverbiä tarvitset? – Muista, että BE-verbi kysyy itse, et tarvitse avustavaa verbiä.
6.
aikamuoto: IMPERFEKTI /TAPAHTUI MENNEISYYDESSÄ
’Mr Ed’
epäsäännölliset verbit ->
verbin muoto -> opetellaan ulkoa
säännölliset verbit -> + -ed
-
kieliopissa ja sanakirjassa on lista
olin, olit, oli, olimme, olitte, olivat…: Olin nälkäinen.
Me olimme nälkäisiä.
Benillä oli lemmikki.
Lemmikki oli Benin.
YES, I was. (No, I wasn’t)
WAS NOT = WASN’T
WERE NOT = WEREN’T
7. kielto:
DIDN’T
kysymys: DID….?
YES, he did.
Yleisimperfektiä käytetään varmasti, kun lauseessa on tarkka menneisyyden
ajankohta: vuosiluku,
last…, …ago; samoin menneisyyteen viittaavissa when-
kysymyksissä.
They bought a new car a year ago.
Alistair moved to Sweden in 2008.
When did you hear about it?
Did you see it?
Alla on joukko säännöllisiä verbejä. Kirjoita riveille niiden imperfektimuodot.
katsoa, marssia, hangata, kilpailla, varoittaa, yrittää
Täydennä lauseet sopivalla verbin muodolla. Aikamuotona on imperfekti.
avata, olla, uida, omistaa, syödä
8.
aikamuoto: PERFEKTI = joku on tehnyt jotakin – yhteys nykyhetkeen
säännölliSet verbit :
epäsäännölliset verbit ->
HAVE/HAS + -ed –päätteinen 3.muoto
HAVE/HAS + verbin 3.muoto
[write, wrote, written]
Kun tekijänä on yksikön 3. persoona eli ’hän’/’se’ -> HAS
I have = I’ve
(S)he has = (S)he’s
Kysymys:
YES, he has. (NO, he hasn’t)
WHAT has he written?
A book.
WHERE have they seen it?
In Spain.
Kielto:
I haven’t seen it.
HAVEN’T
HASN’T
9. Perfektin yhteydessä on tyypillisesti tiettyjä ajanmääreitä: today, lately, recently,
many times…; prepositiorakenteet since (mistä lähtien) ja for (kuinka kauan).
Täydennä lauseet sopivalla verbin muodolla. Aikamuotona on perfekti
asua/elää, läikyttää, kutsua/soittaa puhelimella, kiirehtiä, vierailla
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aikamuoto: PLUSKVAMPERFEKTI = joku oli tehnyt jotakin
Muodosta kuten perfekti, mutta apuverbinä on HAD.
Kielto:
HADN’T
Kysymys: HAD he been there? - What HAD he seen?
Before the year 2007, Pat had lived in Paris. She told me that she had loved it there.
Kirjoita edellisen tehtävän lauseet nyt pluskvamperfektiin.
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10.
aikamuoto: FUTUURI
- tuleva aika : joku tekee jotakin, tulee tekemään
jotakin
o WILL
Kielto: WILL NOT = WON’T
Kysymys: WILL you come?
Ehdottava kysymys tai tarjoutuminen: SHALL I open the window? - SHALL we watch that film tomorrow?
Täydennä sopivalla verbin muodolla. Aikamuotona on futuuri.
tilata, olla, tehdä, ansaita, pelata
Muita tulevan ajan verbimuotoja:
o PLANS: kun suunnittelet jotain, jota tapahtuu pian ja näyttää ilmeiseltä: BE GOING TO
I’m gonna
study math…
o
etukäteen sovitut asiat lähitulevaisuudessa: kestopreesens: I’m seeing her tonight.
o
TIME TABLES, SCHEDULES: yleispreesens -> The train to Helsinki leaves at 7.14
o
o
pehmennät sanomaa kestofutuurilla: Will you be coming to the party?
’jotain on tapahtunut johonkin tulevaan ajankohtaan mennessä’ (suomessa perfekti):
WILL HAVE + 3. muoto
By the time you read tihis, I’ll have travelled far away.
(…olen matkustanut)
11. YLEISPREESENS ON ENGLANNIN VERBEILLÄ SAMANLAINEN KUIN PERUSMUOTO, poikkeuksena BE-verbi.
LISTA KAIKKEIN TAVALLISIMMISTA EPÄSÄÄNNÖLLISISTÄ VERBEISTÄ:
INFINITIIVI/
PERUSMUOTO
/ IMPERFEKTI
/ PREESENSIN
/ 3.MUOTO
KESTOMUOTO
Opettele nämä verbit ulkoa! - Oppikirjoista, sanakirjoista ja kieliopeista löydät täydelliset listat.
*-merkityt verbit toimivat lauseissa myös avustavissa, apuverbin kaltaisissa tehtävissä .