This document summarizes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) and HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). It discusses that AIDS is caused by HIV, which belongs to the lentivirus family (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and targets CD4 T-cells. HIV transmission occurs through sexual contact, blood exposure, and from mother to infant. The life cycle and structure of HIV is also outlined. The clinical features of AIDS are described in three stages: acute, chronic, and crisis phases. Treatment options like antiretroviral therapy and acupuncture are also mentioned.

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AIDS
Prepared By : Ahmadullah Sial Niazi and
Sadullah Nihal Niazi
GHALIB UNIVERSTIY
KABUL
AFGHANISTAN

2.  Introduction
 Epidemiology
 Etiology
 Structure of HIV
 Life Cycle of HIV
 Clinical Features
Contents :

3.  AIDS : Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
 HIV : Human Immunodeficiency Virus
 Retroviral disease caused by HIV
 Depletion of CD4+ T lymphocyte
 Opportunistic infection and neoplasms
Introduction :

4. African green monkey (SIV) , Sootey mangabey (HIV-2) , Chimpanzee (HIV-1)

5.  Sexual Transmission
- Homosexual
- Heterosexual
 Parenteral Transmission
- Intravenous drug abusers
- Hemophiliacs
- Blood transfusion
Epidemiology

6.  Mother-to-Infant Transmission
- During Pregnancy
- During Delivery
- Breast Feeding

8. HIV can’t be transmitted through:
1- Air
2-personal contact
3-insect bites
4-saliva
5-tears

9.  AIDS is caused by HIV belonging to Lentivirus
family.
 HIV-1
 HIV-2
Etiology :

10. Structure of HIV virus

11. Life cycle of HIV

13.  Virus-induced self destruction
 Targeting by the body own immune system
cells
How are CD4 T-cells depleted?

14. Acute Phase
- 50-70% affected people
- 3-6 weeks
- Sore throat, Myalgia, skin rash,
Fever ,Aseptic meningitis
Clinical Features :

15. Chronic Phase
- may last for several years
- patient often asymptomatic or often
(Lymphadenopathy , (candida) , herpes zoster)
Clinical Features :

16. Crisis Phase
- breakdown of host defenses , Viremia and
clinical diseases
- Fever (30 + days), fatigue, weight loss and
diarrhea
- CD4 cells less than 500 cells /𝑚𝑚3
Clinical Features :

17.  Antiretroviral Therapy
 Acupuncture
Treatment :

18.  AIDS caused by HIV which kills CD4 T-cells.
 Transmission (sexual , blood , mother to infant)
 HIV penetrate in CD4 T-cells and replicates
 CD4 cells killed directly or killed by body
immune sys
 Three stages of AIDS : 1-Acute 2-Chronic 3-
Crisis
Summary :

19. THANKS!!!