This document discusses AIDS (HIV). It covers the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS, including statistics on people living with HIV and receiving treatment. It also outlines risk factors for transmission such as sharing needles or mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy/birth. The document discusses diagnosing HIV through antibody tests, as well as the causes, symptoms, life cycle, and treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS.

1. AIDS
(HIV)
A.SUMATHI
M.SC MICROBIOLOGY

2. SYNOPSIS
• Introduction
• Epidemiology
• Risk factors
• Diagonasis
• Causes
• Symptom
• Life cycle
• Pathogenesis
• Treatment
• Prevention

3. INTRODUCTION
• HIV stands for HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS.
• AIDS stands for ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME.
• The first reported case of AIDS occurred in united states in 1981.
• HIV/AIDS is classified RETRO VIRUS a RNA TUMOR virus.
• A RETRO virus has an unique enzyme called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION
which can go from RNA to DNA hybrid.
• Anyone can get AIDS: young or old, male (or) female, homo sexual (or)
heterosexual

4. EPIDEMIOLOGY
• People living with HIV :
There were approximately 36.7 million people living with HIV at the end of
2015
• People on ANTIRETRO VIRAL THERAPY:
Including 2million people who started treatment in 2015
• Mother to child transmission:
7 out of 10 pregnant women living with HIV received anti retro viral
treatment
• 77% of all pregnant women living with HIV globally received medicine that
prevents transmission to their babies in 2015

5. RISK FACTORS
• Anyone who Share needles with infected
Perdon
• Parental:
Mother to child during pregnancy or birth
Or through breast feeding

6. DIAGONASIS
• Most diagnosis for hiv are done through a test that
Look for presence of antibiotics the immune system
Manufactured to fight against the presence HIV in
The blood
• ELISA (Enzyme linked immunoassay)
• Western blotting test
• PCR TEST

7. CAUSES
• HIV is caused by a virus.
• From mother to Featus i.e
During pregnancy, labor
And delivery and breast
Feeding
• Blood transfusion
• Sexual transmission

8. SYMPTOM
• Rapid weight
• Dry cough
• Recurring fever or profuse night sweats
• Swollen lymph glands in the armpits,groin, or neck
• Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week
• Pneumonia
• Memory loss depression and other neurological Disorder
• White spots or unusual blemishes on the tongue in the mouth or on the
Throat
• Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth nose or
eyelids

10. PATHOGEN
• HIV human immunodeficiency virus
• 2 strands of RNA
• 15 type of viral protein
• A few protein from last host cell it infected
• Surround by a lipid bilayer memberane

11. TREATMENT
• HIV treatment involves taking medicine that reduces the amount of
HIV in your body.
• HIV medicine is called antiretroviral therapy (ART).
• There is no effective cure for HIV. But with proper medical care, you
can control HIV.
• Most people can get the virus under control within six months.
• Taking HIV medicine does not prevent transmission of other sexually
transmitted diseases.

12. PREVENTION
• Avoid multiple sex partners (use of condoms)
• Confirm that partner is HIV tested before relationship
• Never share needle
• Avoid unnecessary blood transfusion. Never buy blood from
professional donar
• All pregnant women should be tested to HIV