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2. PRESENTED TO:
SIR IMRAN BASHIR
PRESENTED BY:
HURRIYA SAEED RANA
(BATCH #3)

3. AGRICULTURE REVOLUTION

4. WHAT IS AGRICULTURE REVOLUTION?

5. DEFINITION
An agricultural revolution or agrarian revolution is a period of
transition from the pre-agricultural period characterized by a
Paleolithic diet, into an agricultural period characterized by a diet
of cultivated foods; or a further transition from a living a more
advanced and more productive form of agriculture, resulting in
further social changes.

7. AGRICULTURE
 Agriculture = faming + livestock
 Before 12,000 BC – hunting and gathering –
no agriculture.

8. FIRST AGRICULTURE REVOLUTION
 12,000 years ago, Neolithic era.
 In Fertile Crescent. China, North Africa, Southeast Asia & Latin
America.
 Domestication of animals.

9. 2ND AGRICULTURE REVOLUTION
 1871-914
 Usage of new technology.
 e.g. Tractor, Cotton Gin.

12. 3RD AGRICULTURE REVOLUTION
 Also known as “Green Revolution”
 1960 to present
 Introduction of Pesticides and Fertilizers.
 Higher yield using genetic engineering.

14. THE GREEN REVOLUTION
 Refers to series of research and development & technology
transfer initiatives
Between 1960s till present
Norman Borlaug “Father of Green Revolution”
 Won Nobel prize in 1970.
Saved over a billion people from starvation.
The term “Green Revolution” was first used in 1986
 By William Gaud - former United States Agency for International
Development (USAID)

19. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURE
REVOLUTION

20. 1-Climate Change:
 Global Warming impacts on conditions affecting agriculture,
including temperature, precipitation & glacial run-off.
 Rising carbon levels.
 Uses of pesticides fertilizers in agriculture releases green house
gases such as CO2, methane &nitrous oxide.

21. 2-Deforestation:
 22% due to growing sector of palm oil plantation.
 54% due to slash –and- burn farming
 Loss of habitat for millions of species.
 Trees act as carbon sink.
 extreme fluctuations in temperature.
 Severe effect on ecology.

22. 3-Genetic Engineering:
 Crops are herbicide-tolerant.
 “ Super weeds“
4-Irrigation:
 Depletion of underground aquifers.
 Poor chemical leads to water pollution.
 Saline & high sodium levels in
 irrigation leads damage soil structure.

23. 5-Soil Degradation:
 Decline in soil structure quality due to salting, waterlogging,
compaction, pesticide containment, loss of fertility, soil acidity,
alkalinity and erosion.
 Impact on biological degradation which affect on
 Microbial community of soil, and alter nutrient, cycling, pest &
disease control.

24. 6-Plasticulture:
 Covers 50 – 60% of soil.
 Better control over soil
nutrients and moisture.
 waste of 110 million pounds
annually, comes from the U.S
due to use of plastic mulch for
vegetables, strawberries,
orchid crops.

25. 7-Eutrophication:
 Excess use of fertilizers and slurry increase the nitrogen contents
of soil.
 It leaches into the underground water supplies & rivers.
 encourages algal and plant growth in river or lake.

27. 8-Loss of natural environment:
 One of the most significant Natural habitat for UK’s flora and
fauna is the hedgerow.
 UK has lost over 25% of its hedgerows in last fifty years.
 US concern about hedgerow loss e.g. Monarch butterfly specie”
 That way many species are endangered to get extinct due to
growing demand of farming.

29. 9-Enviornmental impact of pesticides and fertilizers:
 Pesticides can leach through soil and pollute underground water.
 linger in food products resulting even death in humans.
 Agriculture NPS (nonpoint source) solution impacts lakes, rivers,
wetland, estuaries, underground water.
 Pollutants from faming include sediments, nutrients, pathogens,
pesticides, metals and salts.