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AGRICULTURAL SPACES
Agricultural spaces
• There are the result of human and
  physical factors:
  •   Environment
  •   Agrarian structure
  •   Population and rural habitat
  •   Agricultural policies
Agricultural spaces
• It is the result of different uses of
  the soil:
   • Traditional:
      • Agriculture
      • Livestock
      • Forests
   • New:
      • Residential
      • Industry
      • Others
Use of the soil
• Traditional:
   • Agriculture and livestock have been
     transformed:
      • Structure:
        • specialization,
        • technics’ introduction
        • intensification
   • Forest exploitation:
      • Limited production
      • Deforestation problems.
Use of the soil
• News:
  •   Residential
  •   Industrial
  •   Touristy
  •   Hunting
Influence of factors
• The combination of the former
  factors may influence in the
  following aspects:
  • Agricultural landscapes
  • Crisis and problems
  • Policy of organization of the
    agricultural space.
Agricultural landscapes
• We can find the following:
  • Humid Spain (Atlantic)
  • Interior of the Peninsula (continental
    Mediterranean)
  • Mediterranean
  • Mountain
  • Canary
Crisis and reasons
• They may be of these kinds:
  • Demographic
  • Economic
  • Environmental
Policies for organising
     agricultural landscapes
• These elements are taken into
  account:
  • Development and economic
    diversification
  • Improvement of infrastructures and
    equipment
  • Preservation of environment.
Agricultural landscapes in Spain
• We can distinguish the following:
  •   Humid Spain
  •   Interior
  •   Mediterranean Spain
  •   Mountain
  •   Canary
Humid Spain
• Location:
   •   North and North-East of the Iberian
       Peninsula


• Physical environment:
   •   Stepped relief
   •   Oceanic climate:
       • Warm temperatures, without big contrasts
       • Abundant rain during the whole year
Humid Spain
• Agricultural structure:
  • Population:
     • Traditionally abundant
     • Influence of migrations
  • Way of settlement:
     • Spread
  • Agricultural property:
     • Small exploitations
     • Smallholdings
Humid Spain
• Use of the land:
   •   Agriculture:
       • Poly culture traditional (vegetal gardens, corn,
         potato, and others)
       • Nowadays it is specialised in vegetal gardens and
         feeding animals.
   •   Livestock
       • The traditional exploitation in medium and small
         property was extensive.
       • Today it is a mixture and it has bigger size thanks
         to modernization.
   •   Forestry
       • It is important to produce furniture and paper.
Interior
•   Location:
     • Two Mesetas
     • Ebro’s depression
•   Physical space:
     • Bleak upland, small mountains and
        valleys
     • Continental Mediterranean climate
        (extreme temperatures, hot
        summers and cold winters, with little
        precipitation).
Interior
• Agricultural structure:
   •   Population:
       • Traditionaly they have emigrated
   •   Settlement: concentrated
       • Small towns (Duero and Ebro valleys)
       • Big towns (South of the Peninsula)
   •   Agrarian property: contrasts
       • Smallholding in Duero and Ebro valleys
       • Estates in Salamanca, Burgos, Castile-Mancha and
         Aragon and the dry area of Extremadura.
Interior
• Use of the land:
  • Agriculture:
     • Unirrigated:
       • High flat areas and grass land with extensive
         products
       • Traditionally wheat, fallow and leguminous in
         turns
       • Vine and olive trees, sometimes together.
     • Irrigated:
       • Traditionally near rivers and orchards for self
         consumption
       • Nowadays in bigger surfaces industrial products,
         forage and orchards.
Interior
• Use of the land:
  • Livestock:
     • Traditionally extensive:
       • Meat cows in mountain regions
       • Sheeps in dry areas
       • Sheeps, pigs and cows in meadows
  • Forestry:
     • It is important in the area of Soria.
Mediterranean Spain
•   Location:
    •   Mediterranean coast
    •   Guadalquivir valley
    •   Balear islands
•   Physical environment:
    •   Accident relieves, flat near the coast but
        stepped as soon as separating from the coast
    •   Warm Mediterranean climate, coastal (warm
        temperatures, hot summers, scarce
        precipitation and maximum in autumn).
Mediterranean Spain
• Agricultural structure:
  • Population:
     • Traditionally huge numbers
  • Settlements:
     • Dispersed, concentrated in some nuclei.
  • Property:
     • Smallholding in orchards
     • Medium in Catalonia
     • Big in Andalusia
Mediterranean Spain
• Use of the land:
  • Agriculture:
     • Irrigated:
       • Orchard products in open air
       • Orchard products under plastic
       • Fruit trees and fruits
     • Unirrigated :
       • Near the coast and in Guadalquivir’s valley
       • Cereals, vines, olive trees and almond.
Mediterranean Spain
• Use of the land :
  • Livestock:
     • Cows and pig in Catalonia
     • Sheeps in non irrigated areas
     • Bulls in the region of Guadalquivir.
Mountains
• Location:
   •   High areas
• Physical environment:
   •   Very stepped
   •   Cold climate, with snow and rain in
       winter
   •   Vegetation ordered in different levels
       (terrases).
Mountains
• Agrarian structure:
  • Population:
     • Low densities
     • Trend to depopulation
  • Settlement:
     • Disperse in valleys, or concentrated in small
       regions
     • Nowadays trend to form bigger centres
  • Agricultural property:
     • Small property is the main one
     • Mountains and prairies belong to the councils
Mountains
• Use of the land :
  • Agriculture:
     • In the valleys (in the North)
     • Terrases and banks (in the South)
  • Livestock:
     • Extensive: cows and sheep (in the North)
     • Sheeps seasonal migration in Mediterranean
       mountains
  • Forestry:
     • Wood is used.
Canary Islands
• Location:
  • Accidented volcanic orography
• Physical environment:
  • Hot weather the whole year,
    precipitations are scarce and irregular.
Canary Islands
• Agricultural structure:
  • Population:
     • Agrarian population has decreased
     • Main population in the Tertiary system
  • Settlements:
     • Concentrated in towns (there are many
       with less than 500 houses)
  • Agrarian property:
     • In medium and high regions smallholdings
     • Coastal irrigated regions big property.
Canary Islands
• Use of the land
  • Agriculture:
     • Coast:
       • Monoculture irrigated for exportation (banana,
         tomato, potato)
       • Winter products (cucumber, pepper, flowers)
       • Tropical cultivations (papaya, mango, pineaple,
         avocado)
     • Interior:
       • Monoculture unirrigated for self-consumption
         (vine, potato, wheat)
Canary Islands
• Use of the land :
  • Livestock:
     • Sheeps are scarce
     • Linked to agriculture
  • Forestry:
     • Main area producing pine
     • Gose and laurisilvas to substain coal,
       construction and agrarian cultures.

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Agricultural spaces in spain

  • 2. Agricultural spaces • There are the result of human and physical factors: • Environment • Agrarian structure • Population and rural habitat • Agricultural policies
  • 3. Agricultural spaces • It is the result of different uses of the soil: • Traditional: • Agriculture • Livestock • Forests • New: • Residential • Industry • Others
  • 4. Use of the soil • Traditional: • Agriculture and livestock have been transformed: • Structure: • specialization, • technics’ introduction • intensification • Forest exploitation: • Limited production • Deforestation problems.
  • 5. Use of the soil • News: • Residential • Industrial • Touristy • Hunting
  • 6. Influence of factors • The combination of the former factors may influence in the following aspects: • Agricultural landscapes • Crisis and problems • Policy of organization of the agricultural space.
  • 7. Agricultural landscapes • We can find the following: • Humid Spain (Atlantic) • Interior of the Peninsula (continental Mediterranean) • Mediterranean • Mountain • Canary
  • 8. Crisis and reasons • They may be of these kinds: • Demographic • Economic • Environmental
  • 9. Policies for organising agricultural landscapes • These elements are taken into account: • Development and economic diversification • Improvement of infrastructures and equipment • Preservation of environment.
  • 10. Agricultural landscapes in Spain • We can distinguish the following: • Humid Spain • Interior • Mediterranean Spain • Mountain • Canary
  • 11. Humid Spain • Location: • North and North-East of the Iberian Peninsula • Physical environment: • Stepped relief • Oceanic climate: • Warm temperatures, without big contrasts • Abundant rain during the whole year
  • 12. Humid Spain • Agricultural structure: • Population: • Traditionally abundant • Influence of migrations • Way of settlement: • Spread • Agricultural property: • Small exploitations • Smallholdings
  • 13. Humid Spain • Use of the land: • Agriculture: • Poly culture traditional (vegetal gardens, corn, potato, and others) • Nowadays it is specialised in vegetal gardens and feeding animals. • Livestock • The traditional exploitation in medium and small property was extensive. • Today it is a mixture and it has bigger size thanks to modernization. • Forestry • It is important to produce furniture and paper.
  • 14.
  • 15. Interior • Location: • Two Mesetas • Ebro’s depression • Physical space: • Bleak upland, small mountains and valleys • Continental Mediterranean climate (extreme temperatures, hot summers and cold winters, with little precipitation).
  • 16. Interior • Agricultural structure: • Population: • Traditionaly they have emigrated • Settlement: concentrated • Small towns (Duero and Ebro valleys) • Big towns (South of the Peninsula) • Agrarian property: contrasts • Smallholding in Duero and Ebro valleys • Estates in Salamanca, Burgos, Castile-Mancha and Aragon and the dry area of Extremadura.
  • 17. Interior • Use of the land: • Agriculture: • Unirrigated: • High flat areas and grass land with extensive products • Traditionally wheat, fallow and leguminous in turns • Vine and olive trees, sometimes together. • Irrigated: • Traditionally near rivers and orchards for self consumption • Nowadays in bigger surfaces industrial products, forage and orchards.
  • 18. Interior • Use of the land: • Livestock: • Traditionally extensive: • Meat cows in mountain regions • Sheeps in dry areas • Sheeps, pigs and cows in meadows • Forestry: • It is important in the area of Soria.
  • 19.
  • 20. Mediterranean Spain • Location: • Mediterranean coast • Guadalquivir valley • Balear islands • Physical environment: • Accident relieves, flat near the coast but stepped as soon as separating from the coast • Warm Mediterranean climate, coastal (warm temperatures, hot summers, scarce precipitation and maximum in autumn).
  • 21. Mediterranean Spain • Agricultural structure: • Population: • Traditionally huge numbers • Settlements: • Dispersed, concentrated in some nuclei. • Property: • Smallholding in orchards • Medium in Catalonia • Big in Andalusia
  • 22. Mediterranean Spain • Use of the land: • Agriculture: • Irrigated: • Orchard products in open air • Orchard products under plastic • Fruit trees and fruits • Unirrigated : • Near the coast and in Guadalquivir’s valley • Cereals, vines, olive trees and almond.
  • 23. Mediterranean Spain • Use of the land : • Livestock: • Cows and pig in Catalonia • Sheeps in non irrigated areas • Bulls in the region of Guadalquivir.
  • 24. Mountains • Location: • High areas • Physical environment: • Very stepped • Cold climate, with snow and rain in winter • Vegetation ordered in different levels (terrases).
  • 25. Mountains • Agrarian structure: • Population: • Low densities • Trend to depopulation • Settlement: • Disperse in valleys, or concentrated in small regions • Nowadays trend to form bigger centres • Agricultural property: • Small property is the main one • Mountains and prairies belong to the councils
  • 26. Mountains • Use of the land : • Agriculture: • In the valleys (in the North) • Terrases and banks (in the South) • Livestock: • Extensive: cows and sheep (in the North) • Sheeps seasonal migration in Mediterranean mountains • Forestry: • Wood is used.
  • 27. Canary Islands • Location: • Accidented volcanic orography • Physical environment: • Hot weather the whole year, precipitations are scarce and irregular.
  • 28. Canary Islands • Agricultural structure: • Population: • Agrarian population has decreased • Main population in the Tertiary system • Settlements: • Concentrated in towns (there are many with less than 500 houses) • Agrarian property: • In medium and high regions smallholdings • Coastal irrigated regions big property.
  • 29. Canary Islands • Use of the land • Agriculture: • Coast: • Monoculture irrigated for exportation (banana, tomato, potato) • Winter products (cucumber, pepper, flowers) • Tropical cultivations (papaya, mango, pineaple, avocado) • Interior: • Monoculture unirrigated for self-consumption (vine, potato, wheat)
  • 30. Canary Islands • Use of the land : • Livestock: • Sheeps are scarce • Linked to agriculture • Forestry: • Main area producing pine • Gose and laurisilvas to substain coal, construction and agrarian cultures.