This document discusses different types of agriculture, livestock farming, fishing, and forestry in Spain. It describes factors that influence arable farming such as population, policies, and techniques. It then outlines different agricultural landscapes based on settlement patterns, plot characteristics, cultivation systems, irrigation systems, and land use. The document also distinguishes between subsistence and commercial agriculture/livestock farming. Finally, it provides details on the primary sector in different regions of Spain, including prominent crops, livestock, fishing ports, and forestry areas.

1. Unit 3
Arable and livestock farming,
fishing and silviculture

2. Factors that influence arable farming
Human fators
• Increase in population: requires greater production and more arable
land.
• Agricultural policies: Whether national or international, contribute to
agricultural development.
• Farming techniques: Subsistence o commercial agriculture.
Physical factors
• Geographical factors: Climate, relief, soil…

3. Agricultural landscapes I
• Types of settlement:
Concentrated rural settlement Scattered rural settlement

4. Agricultural landscapes II
• Plot characteristics depends on:
• Size: Small or large
• Shape: Regular or irregular
• Boundaries: Enclosed or open
Open field: Large holding, regular plot,
without boundaries.
Enclosed fields: small and irregular plots
separated by hedges.

5. Agricultural landscapes III
• Cultivation systems:
Polyculture Monoculture

6. • Irrigation systems:
Agricultural landscapes III
Irrigated farming Rainfed farming

7. Agricultural landscapes III
• Land use:
Intensive Extensive

8. Subsistence agriculture vs. commercial agriculture
Slash and burn
cultivation
Irrigated rice
farming
Extensive
dryland
farming
Subsistence
Agriculture
Extensive
cereal farming
Plantation
agriculture
Mediterranean
Agriculture
Commercial
Agriculture

9. Livestock farming
• Traditional
• Local consumption
• Complements arable farming
• Small flocks
• Includes nomadism

10. Commercial livestock farming:
Intensive Extensive
- Aims to make the highest
possible profit
- Highly mechanised
- Produces for national and
international market

11. Forestry
• Silviculture: Cultivation of forests for exploitation in a sustainable way.
• Timber production for:
• Construction
• Furniture
• Cellulose
• Primary energy source:
• Cooking
• Heating
• Lighting

12. Forestry
Less developed areas
• Complement to
agriculture
Developed areas
• Fine cuisine
• Source of food:

13. The primary sector in Spain I: Farms
• Latifundia:
• Large holdings. More than 100 hectares.
• Extensive agriculture
• Mechanised farming.
• Areas: Castilla La Mancha, Extremadura, Andalucía.
• Medium-sized farms:
• Around 30 hectares
• Tend to be family owned
• Oriented towards high quality products
• Areas: Sub-Meseta Norte, and Mediterranean coast
• Agricultural smallholdings:
• Less than 10 hectares
• Intensive and polyculture
• Areas: Northern half of Spain and archipielagos.

15. The primary sector in Spain II: Agriculture
• Rainfed crops:
• Cultivation: Wheat, vines and olive trees.
• Areas:
• Central Spain: Wheat
• Atlantic and Mediterranean regions: Vines
• Andalusia, Ciudad Real and Badajoz: Olives
• Irrigated crops:
• Cultivation: Citrus, Pome fruits, stone fruits and garden vegetables.
• Areas:
• Mediterranean region
• Almeria’s greenhouses
• Guadalquivir valley

16. The primary sector in Spain III: Livestock
• 2nd country in EU in livestock
farming and production.
• Types:
• Cattle: For meat and milk.
• Sheep: For meat and meal.
Wool production is residual.
• Pigs: For meat.
• Poultry: Meat and eggs. Highly
industrialised with high yields.
Livestock farming areas

17. The primary sector in Spain IV: Fishing
• Spanish fishing Industry is one of the biggest of
the EU.
• Overfishing has caused the depletion of many
species.
• Fishing regions:
• North west: Galician coast has the largest volume of
fishing. Port of Vigo is the most important fishing port
of Spain.
• Cantabrian region: Asturias, Cantabria and Basque
Country. Important ports of Bermeo, San Sebastian
and Gijón.
• Mediterranean: Stand out the ports of Almería,
Castellón, Tarragona y Roses (Girona)
• South Atlantic: Coast of Huelva and Cádiz. Valuable
species like lobsters and prawns from African coasts.
• Canary Islands: Las Palmas and Arrecife are the most
important ports. Deep sea fishing from African coasts.

18. The primary sector in Spain V: Forestry
• Areas:
• Cantabrian coast and mountainous regions Eucalyptus for cellulose and pine
for wood and resin.
• Extremadura and west Andalusia: Cork. Spain is the second largest producer
of cork in the world.