The document discusses the successful implementation of soil conservation and rehabilitation practices in the Rio do Peixe watershed in São Paulo over a twelve-year period. It highlights the innovative methodologies and technologies employed, which led to a significant increase in sustainable pasture management and a positive economic yield compared to traditional methods. The findings emphasize the effectiveness of conservation agriculture in preserving local ecosystems while enhancing the livelihood of communities involved in agriculture.

1. AGRICULTURAL DEFENSE OF SÃO PAULO:
TWELVE YEARS OF SOIL PRESERVATION AND
REHABILITATION AT THE RIO DO PEIXE
WATERSHED, PROMOTING CONSERVATION
AGRICULTURE
1
Eng. Agr. PhD. Oswaldo Julio Vischi Filho
Secretariat of Agriculture of the State of São
Paulo - Agricultural Defense

2. 2
Introduction
• Legislation (Law 6171/88 Use and Conservation of Agricultural
Soil)
• Who enforces the law? Agricultural Defense applies the Law.
• Conventional CDA inspection: visit, search for erosions - "in loco",
classify, photograph, georeference, issue document, technical
project on soil conservation, implementation, rehabilitated
property, closure.
• Inspection CDA innovated: Satellite image (high resolution and
recent), shape file CAR, located erosions and place in spreadsheet
- coordinates - ranks, scales, aerial photo of the property (the
inspection is made on the aerial image). Visit, already goes
straight into the erosion, classifies, photographs, georeferences,
issues document, technical project on soil conservation,
implementation, rehabilitated property, closure.

3. 3
Methodology - Location

4. 4
Innovation CDA Methodology

5. 5
Results and Discussion
• Aerial photo of property with erosions
• Table Land use and occupation.
• Table with the Erosion of Soil.
• Before (2007) and after (2013) images - Erosion photo
(before) and photo Fixed (after)
• Coffee, pasture, no-tillage, Integrated Crop-livestock
Systems (ICLS).
• Water quality graphics.
• Graph increased occupancy of areas with pasture.
• Time and low cost of the CDA Innovation over the
conventional (1418% favorable to CDA new method).

6. 6
Results and Discussion
• Aerial photo of property with erosions (Google Earth Pro)

7. 7
Use and Occupation of Land
City Vera Cruz Ocauçu Marília
Tillage Area (ha) Area (ha) Area (ha)
Watershed Area 14076 9027 27775
Coffee 2232 521 45
Pasture 9799 5726 14947
Vegetables 14 36 10
Annual crops 12 69 100
Passion fruit 13 11 1
Eucalyptus 41 33 21
Sugar cane 8 26 3
Fruit trees 106 25 5
Manioc 20 312 939
Natural Forest 1214 1745 7647
APP 449 408 3836
Others 168 115 221

8. 8
Erosions Kinds
City Vera Cruz Ocauçu Marília
Erosion Kind Area (ha)
Area
(ha)
Area (ha)
Laminar Erosion 1270 2035 880
Ravine 259 76 57
Gully 263 106 245
Physical, Chemical and
Biological Soil Degradation
0 5 13
Drainage meadow
construction
70 73 85
TOTAL 1861 2294 1282

9. 9
Results and Discussion
Before - Area occupied with
pasture - Erosion by action of
the Cattle - Year 2007
Before - Area occupied with
pasture - Erosion by action of
the Cattle - Year 2007

10. 10
Results and Discussion
Before - Area occupied
with coffee Erosive
process - Year 2008
Before - Area occupied
with coffee Erosive
process - Year 2008

11. 11
Results and Discussion
Before - Incorrect handling of
coffee crop, with several erosive
processes (detail) - Google Earth
image of 12/5/2002
After - Control of gullies and
transformation of the
landscape, with the change of
management of coffee (detail) -
Google Earth image 16/8/2013

12. 12
Results and Discussion
Before - Erosion gully kind -
Google Earth image of 12.05.2002
After - gully controlled and
transformation of the landscape,
Google Earth image of 16/8/2013

13. 13
Results and Discussion
Gully controlled and transformation of the landscape, Google Earth
image of 16/8/2013

14. Degraded grassland
14
Degraded grassland
Degraded
grassland
After recovery
of the pasture
After recovery
of the pasture
After recovery
of the pasture
After recovery of
the pasture

15. 15
Degraded grasslandAfter recovery
of the pasture
Pasture transformed
into farming area
Pasture transformed
into farming area
Pasture transformed
into farming area

16. 16
Water quality – Turbidity
Water quality Suspended Solids

17. 17
Water quality –Total Phosphorus
Water quality –Organic Carbon

18. 18
Results and Discussion
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Herd_2009/2010 266 22 115 34 63 180 29 82 96 30
Herd_2016/2017 369 38 123 46 84 246 71 124 141 47
Area (hectare) 315 23 215 45 47 58 36 34 60 37
% 28 42 7 26 25 27 59 34 32 36
Increase 103 16 8 12 21 66 42 42 45 17
NumberofCattle
Properties livestock
Evolution of the herd in the same area
Herd_2009/2010
Herd_2016/2017
Area (hectare)
%
Increase

19. 19
Conclusions
• After 20 years of applying the conservation legislation,
772 thousand hectares have already been worked,
with 19,846 agricultural properties that were assessed
and rehabilitated to agro ecologically.
• The monitoring of Rio do Peixe Watershed, carried out
from 2007 to 2018, with surveys, diagnoses and
rehabilitation of agricultural and livestock properties.
Transforming them into conservationists management,
preserving the soil and water, taking care of the well-
being of the local society.
• Implementation of the Integrated Crop-Livestock
Systems, with the change in soil and pasture
management, has increased the occupation rate of
pasture areas by 31%, compared to the original
situation.
•

20. 20
Conclusions

21. 21
Conclusions
• The CDA Innovation Methodology presents a positive
yield of 1418% compared to the conventional CDA
Methodology, saving capital and CDA staff.
• In these twelve years of work at Rio do Peixe
Watershed, new technologies for the site have been
developed, such as Bioengineering, No-tillage and
Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems, a fact that has
changed the habit of treating natural resources of
most of the farmers in the region.
• With the presented methodology, monitoring, and
agro-environmental rehabilitation is feasible and can
contribute to the management and monitoring of river
watershed.

22. 22
Conclusions
This is the end product of
conservation agriculture

23. 23
Acknowledgements
• Agrisus Foundation (Financial Support)
• Faculty of Agricultural Engineering of UNICAMP
University (Laboratory)
• Secretariat of Agriculture of the State of São Paulo
• Agricultural Defense of São Paulo State (Agronomic
Engineers)
• Global Symposium on Soil Erosion (Organization)

24. Thank you for the
attention.
ovischi@gmail.com