Aggregation involves grouping multiple municipalities into a single administrative structure for providing services like water supply and sanitation. There are various aggregation models that can be tailored to local needs. The aggregation process typically involves preparatory, analytical, and implementation phases to assess costs and benefits, identify suitable groupings, and develop an aggregation plan. Key considerations for aggregation include defining the appropriate scale, scope, and process based on political support and balancing the interests of participating municipalities. Potential benefits include improved efficiency, professional capacity, and cost sharing, though the politics of aggregation must be carefully managed.
The document discusses challenges in providing sustainable water services at scale in developing countries. It notes that 30-40% of water systems fail, wasting financial investments. It analyzes reasons for failures like an infrastructure focus rather than service delivery, lack of long-term support, and poor coordination. The document calls for a new paradigm centered on a service delivery approach with principles-based interventions at various levels to achieve sustainable services at scale.
The document discusses challenges in providing sustainable water services at scale in developing countries. It notes that 30-40% of water systems fail, wasting financial investments. It analyzes reasons for failures, such as an infrastructure focus rather than a service delivery approach. The document advocates adopting principles for policy, financing, planning, and coordination across local, national and international levels to establish long-term sustainable water services.
Providing Sustainable Services at Scale (IRC & Aguaconsult)IRC
The document discusses challenges in providing sustainable water services at scale in developing countries. It notes that 30-40% of water systems fail, wasting financial investments. It analyzes reasons for failures like an infrastructure focus rather than service delivery, lack of sector capacity building and support, and poor coordination. The document advocates adopting a service delivery approach with principles like clear roles, planning, learning, appropriate technology, long-term support and oversight to achieve sustainable services at scale.
1) Much effort has been made to improve sustainability and scale of rural water services, but challenges remain with unacceptable system failure rates of 30-40% resulting in wasted investments and negative health impacts.
2) A new Service Delivery Approach is proposed that moves beyond an infrastructure focus to consider all elements of a water service through strengthening systemic capacity, planning for the long-term lifecycle costs, and improving coordination across different levels.
3) A Service Delivery Model is described that applies this approach through clearly defining the policy, institutional, financial, and management roles from the local to national levels to establish a functional water service.
Professionalising rural water services: a response to the sustainability chal...IRC
The document discusses challenges and strategies around providing sustainable rural water services at scale. It summarizes findings from a multi-country study looking at service delivery models and their drivers. Key findings include that community management is still predominant but trends toward professionalization; a variety of delegated contract models are emerging; and strengthening institutions, monitoring, accountability and national leadership are important for achieving sustainable services.
Cameroon's laws encourage stakeholder participation in decision-making regarding the environment, forestry, mining, and land use planning. However, participation in practice faces challenges, such as a lack of clear consultation procedures, low capacity of communities, and poor documentation of processes. Weak participation in REDD+ poses risks like tenure disputes, elite capture of benefits, and process failures. The report recommends strengthening consultation procedures, learning from past platforms, monitoring participation quality, and establishing an early grievance mechanism for REDD+.
Broken pumps and pipes: Why the rural water sector has failed to deliver trul...International WaterCentre
- The rural water sector has struggled to deliver sustainable services, with 30-40% of hand pumps in Africa not functioning and 730 million still unserved.
- There has been an overemphasis on expanding coverage through infrastructure building without consideration for long-term operation and maintenance costs, leading to high failure rates.
- A new service delivery approach is needed that focuses on establishing permanent water services through strengthened sector policies, cost planning, oversight, capacity support, and long-term funding commitments rather than just expanding coverage.
The Governance of Forests Initiative is a global civil society network that aims to promote transparency, participation, coordination, and accountability in forest governance across international and domestic scales. It has developed a framework of indicators to assess forest governance and has conducted pilot assessments. It also seeks to generate demand for good governance in implementing forest laws and policies, developing REDD+ strategies and systems, and raising awareness through dialogue.
The document discusses challenges in providing sustainable water services at scale in developing countries. It notes that 30-40% of water systems fail, wasting financial investments. It analyzes reasons for failures like an infrastructure focus rather than service delivery, lack of long-term support, and poor coordination. The document calls for a new paradigm centered on a service delivery approach with principles-based interventions at various levels to achieve sustainable services at scale.
The document discusses challenges in providing sustainable water services at scale in developing countries. It notes that 30-40% of water systems fail, wasting financial investments. It analyzes reasons for failures, such as an infrastructure focus rather than a service delivery approach. The document advocates adopting principles for policy, financing, planning, and coordination across local, national and international levels to establish long-term sustainable water services.
Providing Sustainable Services at Scale (IRC & Aguaconsult)IRC
The document discusses challenges in providing sustainable water services at scale in developing countries. It notes that 30-40% of water systems fail, wasting financial investments. It analyzes reasons for failures like an infrastructure focus rather than service delivery, lack of sector capacity building and support, and poor coordination. The document advocates adopting a service delivery approach with principles like clear roles, planning, learning, appropriate technology, long-term support and oversight to achieve sustainable services at scale.
1) Much effort has been made to improve sustainability and scale of rural water services, but challenges remain with unacceptable system failure rates of 30-40% resulting in wasted investments and negative health impacts.
2) A new Service Delivery Approach is proposed that moves beyond an infrastructure focus to consider all elements of a water service through strengthening systemic capacity, planning for the long-term lifecycle costs, and improving coordination across different levels.
3) A Service Delivery Model is described that applies this approach through clearly defining the policy, institutional, financial, and management roles from the local to national levels to establish a functional water service.
Professionalising rural water services: a response to the sustainability chal...IRC
The document discusses challenges and strategies around providing sustainable rural water services at scale. It summarizes findings from a multi-country study looking at service delivery models and their drivers. Key findings include that community management is still predominant but trends toward professionalization; a variety of delegated contract models are emerging; and strengthening institutions, monitoring, accountability and national leadership are important for achieving sustainable services.
Cameroon's laws encourage stakeholder participation in decision-making regarding the environment, forestry, mining, and land use planning. However, participation in practice faces challenges, such as a lack of clear consultation procedures, low capacity of communities, and poor documentation of processes. Weak participation in REDD+ poses risks like tenure disputes, elite capture of benefits, and process failures. The report recommends strengthening consultation procedures, learning from past platforms, monitoring participation quality, and establishing an early grievance mechanism for REDD+.
Broken pumps and pipes: Why the rural water sector has failed to deliver trul...International WaterCentre
- The rural water sector has struggled to deliver sustainable services, with 30-40% of hand pumps in Africa not functioning and 730 million still unserved.
- There has been an overemphasis on expanding coverage through infrastructure building without consideration for long-term operation and maintenance costs, leading to high failure rates.
- A new service delivery approach is needed that focuses on establishing permanent water services through strengthened sector policies, cost planning, oversight, capacity support, and long-term funding commitments rather than just expanding coverage.
The Governance of Forests Initiative is a global civil society network that aims to promote transparency, participation, coordination, and accountability in forest governance across international and domestic scales. It has developed a framework of indicators to assess forest governance and has conducted pilot assessments. It also seeks to generate demand for good governance in implementing forest laws and policies, developing REDD+ strategies and systems, and raising awareness through dialogue.
There is a massive gap between the need for infrastructure investment around the world and the ability of governments to pay for those investments. Public-private partnerships, in which the private sector builds, controls, and operates infrastructure projects subject to strict government oversight and regulation, can help bridge that gap. (www.bcgperspectives.com)
Understanding mukuru a planning perspectiveIDRC_ROSSA
Presentation on a planning perspective: Report on 'Increasing access to justice and services for informal settlement dwellers in Nairobi, Kenya.
5th February 2015
Agroforestry systems can deliver a multitude of benefits (market and non market) simultaneously Change processes need to empower the people most affected if they are to be sustainable We must embrace complexity and diversity
The document summarizes the French Development Agency's (AFD) commitment and approach to achieving sustainable rural water services at scale. The AFD has doubled its water sector commitment since 2003 and provides funding through various financial instruments like loans, grants and risk-sharing tools. Ensuring accountability, local involvement and comprehensive maintenance systems are critical to sustainability. Access to credit, consistent regulations and adapting financial tools to context are also important factors. The AFD is experimenting with guarantee tools to facilitate access to loans and blending grants with repayable financing.
On May 2, 2013, Ramon Padilla, deputy CIO at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, gave a briefing on the NC Next Generation Project, an effort to bring one gigabit speed internet service to the Triangle.
NOTE: On the last slide, the year 2012 should read 2013 and the year 2013 should read 2014.
The document discusses challenges in delivering sustainable rural water services. While coverage has increased significantly with tens of billions invested, about 730 million remain unserved and 30-40% of handpumps in Africa are non-functional. Failure rates are unacceptable and investments are largely wasted. The focus needs to shift from initial construction to establishing long-term water services through strengthening sectors, appropriate financing, management models, and support for operations and maintenance. National governments, donors, NGOs and communities must work together to establish permanent water services.
Challenges and lessons learnt in framing REDD+ benefit-sharing in the Congo B...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was given by Adeline Dontenville of the EU REDD Facility at a COP20 side-event titled "Benefit and Burden Sharing in Forest Policies and REDD+" in Lima, Peru.
The event addressed the benefits and costs associated with forest conservation initiatives across multiple countries, and their equity implications. It builds on results gathered from an ongoing multi-year European Commission-funded project aimed to provide policy options and guidance to improve the design, development, and implementation of REDD+ benefit sharing mechanisms.
The document discusses a partnership approach called Integrated Area Planning (IAP) that was developed to facilitate inclusive and sustainable planning in rural Irish communities. IAP aims to develop a shared vision and action plan for an area by bringing together stakeholders with varying interests through a participatory process of collecting and analyzing information, building community capacity, and establishing structures to implement the agreed upon plan. The document outlines the 10 steps of the IAP process and notes challenges such as the need for resources, facilitation, power redistribution, and new communication and decision-making structures to support more collaborative rural planning.
Panel 2.Peter Van Rooijen, Cs Involvement In The Gfihp
The document discusses civil society involvement in the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. It notes that civil society has representation on the Global Fund Board with 3 seats and a voting right. At the national level, civil society makes up 40% of Country Coordinating Mechanisms. However, it finds that civil society representatives need stronger support and accountability mechanisms to fulfill their mandates. Financial and technical support for civil society participation is also inadequate.
Looking REDD at landscape level: learning from CBNRM in NepalCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Naya Sharma Paudel and Dil Bahadur Khatri Experiences of CF talks about watershed and landscape level forest management initiatives, REDD/PES piloting at different scale and lessons & insights on institutional aspects.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
This document summarizes best practices for web development based on a study by Larry Wilson. It discusses using responsive design, flexible frameworks, HTML5 semantics and forms, CSS3 rules and properties, web fonts, JavaScript optimization, and usability testing. The goal is to implement these standards to create accessible, optimized websites that work across devices. Key aspects covered include mobile-first design, progressive enhancement, minimizing file sizes and requests, and testing with users.
This document provides guidelines and best practices for making web content accessible and compliant with Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. It addresses considerations for images, color, CSS, forms, tables, multimedia and more. Key points are that all content must be accessible to people with disabilities, such as blindness, low vision or mobility impairments. Guidelines include providing text alternatives, managing color contrast, logical structure, and use of semantic HTML. Compliance is mandatory for government websites.
Keep your city beautiful? How about keeping it delicious for a change!
Short examples from 'Keep your city delicious' (街をおいしく!)activities in Tokyo. By a-small-lab/Chris Berthelsen.
This document provides an overview of RF Monolithics, Inc. (RFM) from their presentation at the Southwest Ideas Investor Conference on November 11, 2010. RFM focuses on the machine-to-machine and wireless sensor network markets, with a broad product offering including short-range radios, RF modules, and RF components. In fiscal year 2010, RFM recovered from the economic downturn, growing revenue over 5% to $33.6 million while becoming profitable. RFM also secured a new strategic equity investment and collaboration agreement with Murata, and has an experienced management team and favorable banking relationship positioned for continued growth.
なにをつくってる? | what am I making, what are we making?a-small-lab
Document of play at a suburban Tokyo kindergarten.
foreword
The makings of children are difficult to understand. The curry made in the playground today is tomorrow’s foot bath. And the day after that it’s a zoo. At the same time a volcano may erupt. Hand cream made of sand can turn into poison rice balls while you’re distracted. Some days cake making parties drag out interminably but some afternoons they switch without warning to preparation for a long journey. In the midst of all this, fixed production methods and quality assessment systems are not as rare as you’d think. And fine-grained craftsmanship shines through. As an adult I can make my own (weak) interpretations but in the field I am at the mercy of the children.
This book shows but a tiny selection of the makings that the children of Akishima Kindergarten in Tokyo introduced me to. With a nearby friend, spend time inspecting these images, wondering what is being made (or what you would like to make), and conjuring up your own stories – in the process I hope that you can become a little more conversant with the joy that is ‘making with hands’.
「前書き」
子どもたちのものづくりは分かりにくい。園庭での今日のカレーは明日の足湯。そして明後日の動物園。同時に火山が噴火したりする可能性もある。砂で作られたクリームは気がつかないうちに毒おにぎりになってしまう。ケーキづくりがめちゃくちゃ長引く日もあれば突然旅の準備に変わるアフタヌーンもある。その中で生産プロセスや評価の仕方が決まってくる場合も少なくない。繊細な職人の技能も見えてくる。大人は自分なりの解釈はできるかもしれないが現場では子どものいうことを聞くしかない。
この本は昭島幼稚園(東京都昭島市)の子供たちが教えてくれたものづくりの一例にすぎない。近くにいる子どもと一緒にぼーと眺めたり、「何を作っているかな?」と話し合ったり、自分でストーリを想像したりしながら「自分の手でつくる」という喜びをもう少し近づいてみていただければと思います。
FIXING the Neighbourhood: Investigations in Suburban Tokyo (Sketching for Usa...a-small-lab
Usable Cities; City Creative Climate; Sketching for Cities
People play with things and find new uses for them.
Messy and spontaneous, individually created, everyday expressions of the creativity of everyday people in all of its facets. A response to the environment, a reflection of society, culture, and
traditions. Change reconciles with the idea
of improvement, and people feel
joy, as opposed to mere pleasure.
Mairangi Bay School 2013 Junior School Volcano Walka-small-lab
The document discusses observations from a volcano walk with children. It notes how being barefoot allows children to experience different textures of the environment. It also describes how children repurpose everyday objects during play, such as using a lunchbox as an improvised seat. The document contains photos taken during the walk and comments that reflect on the learning potential of the activities seen in the photos, such as collaborative problem-solving or sensory exploration.
Art-Based Approach for Developing Disaster Improvisation Capabilitiesa-small-lab
The document discusses an art-based approach to developing disaster improvisation capabilities. It notes that communities in Japan extensively prepare for disasters and cope well due to modern infrastructure, but also rely on social and creative approaches. The author proposes workshops to explore how artistic methods can strengthen problem-solving skills and foster collaboration, as seen in examples where improvisation with everyday materials in evacuation centers provided privacy, beds, and insect nets. The workshops would leverage artistic techniques to develop everyday people's abilities to respond resourcefully to unexpected situations without fixed guidelines. The author invites interested parties to join in exploring these ideas.
branding / mess: some sketch ideas in the hope of a discussion a-small-lab
sketch text about mess, innovation, branding.
published as part of installation for stimulus terrain at MOTAT
http://a-small-lab.com/motat/
stimulus terrain for innovation processes is a space at the Idea Collective / Innovation Hub at the Museum of Transport and Technology (Auckland, New Zealand).
This is part of a "dynamic, evolving, collaborative project that celebrates New Zealand's vibrant innovation culture" by pairing five diverse New Zealand innovators with artists and designers to illuminate the activity of innovation, ideation, creation and collaboration.
There is a massive gap between the need for infrastructure investment around the world and the ability of governments to pay for those investments. Public-private partnerships, in which the private sector builds, controls, and operates infrastructure projects subject to strict government oversight and regulation, can help bridge that gap. (www.bcgperspectives.com)
Understanding mukuru a planning perspectiveIDRC_ROSSA
Presentation on a planning perspective: Report on 'Increasing access to justice and services for informal settlement dwellers in Nairobi, Kenya.
5th February 2015
Agroforestry systems can deliver a multitude of benefits (market and non market) simultaneously Change processes need to empower the people most affected if they are to be sustainable We must embrace complexity and diversity
The document summarizes the French Development Agency's (AFD) commitment and approach to achieving sustainable rural water services at scale. The AFD has doubled its water sector commitment since 2003 and provides funding through various financial instruments like loans, grants and risk-sharing tools. Ensuring accountability, local involvement and comprehensive maintenance systems are critical to sustainability. Access to credit, consistent regulations and adapting financial tools to context are also important factors. The AFD is experimenting with guarantee tools to facilitate access to loans and blending grants with repayable financing.
On May 2, 2013, Ramon Padilla, deputy CIO at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, gave a briefing on the NC Next Generation Project, an effort to bring one gigabit speed internet service to the Triangle.
NOTE: On the last slide, the year 2012 should read 2013 and the year 2013 should read 2014.
The document discusses challenges in delivering sustainable rural water services. While coverage has increased significantly with tens of billions invested, about 730 million remain unserved and 30-40% of handpumps in Africa are non-functional. Failure rates are unacceptable and investments are largely wasted. The focus needs to shift from initial construction to establishing long-term water services through strengthening sectors, appropriate financing, management models, and support for operations and maintenance. National governments, donors, NGOs and communities must work together to establish permanent water services.
Challenges and lessons learnt in framing REDD+ benefit-sharing in the Congo B...CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation was given by Adeline Dontenville of the EU REDD Facility at a COP20 side-event titled "Benefit and Burden Sharing in Forest Policies and REDD+" in Lima, Peru.
The event addressed the benefits and costs associated with forest conservation initiatives across multiple countries, and their equity implications. It builds on results gathered from an ongoing multi-year European Commission-funded project aimed to provide policy options and guidance to improve the design, development, and implementation of REDD+ benefit sharing mechanisms.
The document discusses a partnership approach called Integrated Area Planning (IAP) that was developed to facilitate inclusive and sustainable planning in rural Irish communities. IAP aims to develop a shared vision and action plan for an area by bringing together stakeholders with varying interests through a participatory process of collecting and analyzing information, building community capacity, and establishing structures to implement the agreed upon plan. The document outlines the 10 steps of the IAP process and notes challenges such as the need for resources, facilitation, power redistribution, and new communication and decision-making structures to support more collaborative rural planning.
Panel 2.Peter Van Rooijen, Cs Involvement In The Gfihp
The document discusses civil society involvement in the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. It notes that civil society has representation on the Global Fund Board with 3 seats and a voting right. At the national level, civil society makes up 40% of Country Coordinating Mechanisms. However, it finds that civil society representatives need stronger support and accountability mechanisms to fulfill their mandates. Financial and technical support for civil society participation is also inadequate.
Looking REDD at landscape level: learning from CBNRM in NepalCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Naya Sharma Paudel and Dil Bahadur Khatri Experiences of CF talks about watershed and landscape level forest management initiatives, REDD/PES piloting at different scale and lessons & insights on institutional aspects.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
This document summarizes best practices for web development based on a study by Larry Wilson. It discusses using responsive design, flexible frameworks, HTML5 semantics and forms, CSS3 rules and properties, web fonts, JavaScript optimization, and usability testing. The goal is to implement these standards to create accessible, optimized websites that work across devices. Key aspects covered include mobile-first design, progressive enhancement, minimizing file sizes and requests, and testing with users.
This document provides guidelines and best practices for making web content accessible and compliant with Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. It addresses considerations for images, color, CSS, forms, tables, multimedia and more. Key points are that all content must be accessible to people with disabilities, such as blindness, low vision or mobility impairments. Guidelines include providing text alternatives, managing color contrast, logical structure, and use of semantic HTML. Compliance is mandatory for government websites.
Keep your city beautiful? How about keeping it delicious for a change!
Short examples from 'Keep your city delicious' (街をおいしく!)activities in Tokyo. By a-small-lab/Chris Berthelsen.
This document provides an overview of RF Monolithics, Inc. (RFM) from their presentation at the Southwest Ideas Investor Conference on November 11, 2010. RFM focuses on the machine-to-machine and wireless sensor network markets, with a broad product offering including short-range radios, RF modules, and RF components. In fiscal year 2010, RFM recovered from the economic downturn, growing revenue over 5% to $33.6 million while becoming profitable. RFM also secured a new strategic equity investment and collaboration agreement with Murata, and has an experienced management team and favorable banking relationship positioned for continued growth.
なにをつくってる? | what am I making, what are we making?a-small-lab
Document of play at a suburban Tokyo kindergarten.
foreword
The makings of children are difficult to understand. The curry made in the playground today is tomorrow’s foot bath. And the day after that it’s a zoo. At the same time a volcano may erupt. Hand cream made of sand can turn into poison rice balls while you’re distracted. Some days cake making parties drag out interminably but some afternoons they switch without warning to preparation for a long journey. In the midst of all this, fixed production methods and quality assessment systems are not as rare as you’d think. And fine-grained craftsmanship shines through. As an adult I can make my own (weak) interpretations but in the field I am at the mercy of the children.
This book shows but a tiny selection of the makings that the children of Akishima Kindergarten in Tokyo introduced me to. With a nearby friend, spend time inspecting these images, wondering what is being made (or what you would like to make), and conjuring up your own stories – in the process I hope that you can become a little more conversant with the joy that is ‘making with hands’.
「前書き」
子どもたちのものづくりは分かりにくい。園庭での今日のカレーは明日の足湯。そして明後日の動物園。同時に火山が噴火したりする可能性もある。砂で作られたクリームは気がつかないうちに毒おにぎりになってしまう。ケーキづくりがめちゃくちゃ長引く日もあれば突然旅の準備に変わるアフタヌーンもある。その中で生産プロセスや評価の仕方が決まってくる場合も少なくない。繊細な職人の技能も見えてくる。大人は自分なりの解釈はできるかもしれないが現場では子どものいうことを聞くしかない。
この本は昭島幼稚園(東京都昭島市)の子供たちが教えてくれたものづくりの一例にすぎない。近くにいる子どもと一緒にぼーと眺めたり、「何を作っているかな?」と話し合ったり、自分でストーリを想像したりしながら「自分の手でつくる」という喜びをもう少し近づいてみていただければと思います。
FIXING the Neighbourhood: Investigations in Suburban Tokyo (Sketching for Usa...a-small-lab
Usable Cities; City Creative Climate; Sketching for Cities
People play with things and find new uses for them.
Messy and spontaneous, individually created, everyday expressions of the creativity of everyday people in all of its facets. A response to the environment, a reflection of society, culture, and
traditions. Change reconciles with the idea
of improvement, and people feel
joy, as opposed to mere pleasure.
Mairangi Bay School 2013 Junior School Volcano Walka-small-lab
The document discusses observations from a volcano walk with children. It notes how being barefoot allows children to experience different textures of the environment. It also describes how children repurpose everyday objects during play, such as using a lunchbox as an improvised seat. The document contains photos taken during the walk and comments that reflect on the learning potential of the activities seen in the photos, such as collaborative problem-solving or sensory exploration.
Art-Based Approach for Developing Disaster Improvisation Capabilitiesa-small-lab
The document discusses an art-based approach to developing disaster improvisation capabilities. It notes that communities in Japan extensively prepare for disasters and cope well due to modern infrastructure, but also rely on social and creative approaches. The author proposes workshops to explore how artistic methods can strengthen problem-solving skills and foster collaboration, as seen in examples where improvisation with everyday materials in evacuation centers provided privacy, beds, and insect nets. The workshops would leverage artistic techniques to develop everyday people's abilities to respond resourcefully to unexpected situations without fixed guidelines. The author invites interested parties to join in exploring these ideas.
branding / mess: some sketch ideas in the hope of a discussion a-small-lab
sketch text about mess, innovation, branding.
published as part of installation for stimulus terrain at MOTAT
http://a-small-lab.com/motat/
stimulus terrain for innovation processes is a space at the Idea Collective / Innovation Hub at the Museum of Transport and Technology (Auckland, New Zealand).
This is part of a "dynamic, evolving, collaborative project that celebrates New Zealand's vibrant innovation culture" by pairing five diverse New Zealand innovators with artists and designers to illuminate the activity of innovation, ideation, creation and collaboration.
The changes needed to secure sustainable access to adequate services usually involve various processes of reform that must be carefully planned and implemented in collaboration with a diverse set of stakeholders. This 90 minute face-to-face module presents some of the key considerations and steps for successful reform using practical case studies from Uganda, South Africa and Russia. The intended format is a seminar which incorporates both a lecture and question and answer period.
Update on the iterative Kokonohashi project.
The kokonohanashi (「ここの話」 lit. 'talking about here') project works locally with a combination of analogue (notebooks, pens, laminated A4 posters, wire, legwork) and open low-tech digital tools (QR codes, stripped down Wordpress, email, smart-and-not-so-smart-phones) to investigate the development of a platform for discussion about, and positive action in, city space by the people who most matter - those who experience and use the place in their everyday lives.
It is run by Tokyo-based research and creation unit a-small-lab.
Please contact Chris Berthelsen at a-small-lab with all questions, comments, ideas, requests:
chris@a-small-lab.com
Follow a-small-lab on twitter @a_small_lab
The document discusses creative climate in Tokyo through examples of small, spontaneous expressions of creativity in public spaces. It notes how people have found creative ways to utilize even narrow spaces, like curbsides and sidewalks, through do-it-yourself fixes and installations. Examples include makeshift seating, gardens along railroad tracks, and shared passions for things like flowers and grapes displayed in small, improvised ways. The document analyzes these examples through the framework of components of creative climate, such as risk-taking, freedom, trust, resources, and playfulness.
Max Havelaar France en partenariat avec la Plate-Forme pour le commerce équitable (PFCE) et l’entreprise Ethiquable, ont réalisé une étude sur les pratiques de préfinancement des campagnes de production agricoles dans les filières du commerce équitable.
Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre du plan d’action national en faveur du commerce équitable (2013 -2016) qui vise notamment à encourager la mise en place d’outils de financements (publics et/ou privés) pour faire face aux besoins de préfinancement des importateurs et des organisations de producteurs.
L’étude cherche ainsi à identifier et disséminer les bonnes pratiques et mécanismes innovants de préfinancement des campagnes de production agricoles dans le commerce équitable.
Le travail de recherche a été mené par le réseau CERISE et animé par un comité de pilotage formé de la PFCE, de Max Havelaar France, d’Ethiquable, du ministère français des Affaires Etrangères et du Développement international, de l’Agence Française de Développement, de la Région Île–de–France et du Crédit coopératif.
Il donné lieu à la réalisation de ces fiches techniques présentant l’offre de 11 organismes financiers et 2 outils financiers innovants, le financement participatif et l’épargne salariale. Il a également permis de formuler des recommandations pour valoriser, améliorer et diffuser ces bonnes pratiques.
The document discusses strategies for achieving "more for less" in public services. It argues that expecting large efficiency savings through initiatives like outsourcing and austerity is unrealistic and often leads to declining outcomes. True improvement requires a holistic approach including co-production with communities, outcomes-based management, cross-sector collaboration, and accepting different risk-cost tradeoffs. Relying only on short-term cost cutting risks undermining long-term quality and sustainability of services.
The document summarizes a workshop discussing a recommendation for a regional intermediary public-private partnership model to promote trade, logistics, and distribution (TLD) exports. Key points from the workshop include: surveying stakeholders identified gaps in capabilities like marketing and obstacles like cultural mindset; synthesizing survey results to develop initiatives to address gaps and obstacles; finalizing characteristics for the regional intermediary model including vision, capabilities, strengths, targeted industries, performance metrics, and board structure; and rationale for a hybrid public-private partnership model to leverage existing organizations and infrastructure. The goal is to create over 66,000 new jobs and economic growth through a world-class cross-border distribution hub.
Providing Sustainable Services at Scale (IRC & Aguaconsult)IRC
The document discusses challenges in providing sustainable water services at scale in developing countries. It notes that 30-40% of water systems fail, wasting financial investments. It analyzes reasons for failures, such as an infrastructure focus rather than a service delivery approach. The document advocates adopting principles for policy, financing, planning, and coordination across local, national and international levels to establish long-term sustainable water services.
The document discusses challenges in providing sustainable water services at scale in developing countries. It notes that 30-40% of water systems fail, wasting financial investments. It analyzes reasons for failures like an infrastructure focus rather than service delivery, lack of sector capacity building and support, and poor coordination. The document advocates adopting a service delivery approach with principles like clear roles, planning, learning, appropriate technology, long-term support and harmonized approaches across levels from local to international.
The document discusses approaches that local authorities can take to continue delivering savings and efficiencies in 2015. It identifies seven key points: developing clear outcomes for services, implementing business transformations, developing partnerships, managing service demands, creating alternative delivery models, providing effective leadership, and commercializing services. The document then provides further details on each of these points, including the benefits of taking an outcomes-focused approach to services, the challenges of ongoing business transformations, the importance of partnerships including with the third sector, and strategies for managing increasing demands on services with shrinking budgets.
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2. Best practices research identified capabilities of successful hubs including supply chain expertise, economic development support, strategic infrastructure funding, and collaboration between stakeholders.
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Local financing mechanisms for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services are needed to increase coverage, especially for low-income communities. These mechanisms include pooled funds, microcredit, small-town innovations, and enabling policies that support decentralization, capacity building, and participation. Effective financing requires understanding costs, tariffs, billing, and involving actors like utilities, microfinance institutions, and communities to manage funds transparently and sustainably.
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
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The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
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Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
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Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
1. Models of Aggregation for Water
Supply and Sanitation Provision
Capacity Building Module
2. Outline of the presentation
What is aggregation?
Aggregation models
The process of aggregation
Summary
3. What is Aggregation?
Grouping of several municipalities into a
single administrative structure for the
provision of a service
town A town B
town C
town D
Aggregated service
provider
aggregation
4. Aggregation: one of many management models
Aggregation of small
towns
Professional support to
medium operators
Scaling up demand
response approach
Strengthening community
management models
Public private
partnership
Small scale independent
providers
Engaging the public sector
5. Aggregation: Essential Pre-requisites
Political support and commitment
Identify a “Champion” to pilot the aggregation
Adapt approach to local culture &
circumstances
Keep public informed of benefits attained and
progress
Consider whether a carefully-constructed,
well-implemented public consultation,
education and communication program is
necessary according to local circumstances
6. Drivers for Aggregation (1)
(Supply)
BOTTOM UP & TOP DOWN APPROACHES - DEMAND OR SUPPLY
DRIVEN
Government Driven
Central Government
Province
District
Sub District
Village
(Customer Base)
Customer Driven
(Demand)
7. Economies
of scale
Access to professional
& technical resources,
in-house or procured
Access to water
resources
Access to
private sector,
local &/or
international
Access to finance
Cost sharingImproved management
systems & technology
aggregation
Drivers for Aggregation(2)
8. Outline of the presentation
What is aggregation?
Aggregation models
The process of aggregation
Summary
9. Aggregation: no standard blueprint
Each aggregation has a unique character
Tailor aggregation to specific
circumstances and needs
Lessons can be drawn from other
aggregations
10. Scale: The optimum size of utility
SCALE
Two Towns Several Towns Regional Provider National Territory
Hungary, The Philippines,
France
Brazil Italy, England and Wales,
The Netherlands
11. Scope of Aggregation
SCOPE
A single service
e.g. bulk supply
All municipal
services
All water and
sanitation services
A single function
e.g. procurement
All functionsSeveral functions
What services?
What functions?
Nimes (France), The Netherlands
only water
Dunavarsany (Hungary), water
first, waste water later
Italy,
England and Wales
13. Governance arrangements:
Voting rights in Board
….Or a mixture of the various methods
Method Pluses (++) and Minuses (- -) Power tilted
to…
Specific powers for
the largest entity
++ Confidence for larger entity
- - Small entities have limited influence
larger entities
smaller entities
% of population in
each entity
++ Democratic
- - Small entities have limited influence
Large entity needs
vote of 1 or more
smaller entities
++ Democratic
- - Small entities have greater influence
# of connections or
value of the assets
++ A sound economic basis
- - Varies from year to year
One entity = one seat ++ simple and transparent
- - can be unacceptable to larger entities
14. Outline of the presentation
What is aggregation?
Aggregation models
The process of aggregation
Summary
16. Stages in the Aggregation Process
Preparatory
Phase
Analytical
Phase
Implementation
Phase
•Initiate the aggregation process
•Identify key drivers for aggregation
•Identify aggregation candidates and stakeholders
•Choose an appropriate consultation process
•Establish group to lead the process
•Choose an appropriate aggregation process
•Assess drivers, constraints, and potential issues
•Assess benefits and costs for each entity
•Assess benefits and costs for alternative groupings
•Choose the most appropriate aggregation model
•Define an aggregation plan
•Define procedure to resolve disputes
•Monitor Progress against that plan
17. Entry and Exit Conditions
Entry and exit conditions must be carefully
specified
Entry implies commitment and obligations to
partners and should not be entered into lightly
Exit has potential to damage/weaken the
aggregated entity and should be made difficult
and expensive!
18. Is aggregation a suitable option? Adding up the
pros and cons for the individual municipality
Potential Pluses ++ Possible Minuses - -
++ Facilitates access to water
resources
++ Economies of scale in works,
procurement & support services
++ Access to finance (private/donors)
++ Attract private operator
++ Cost sharing between towns
++ Integrated Water Resource
Management
++ More professional staffing
++ Improved governance through
greater network of accountability
- - Lower control over water
resources
- - Lower tailoring services to
the needs of the end users
- - Loss of competition
- - Lower accountability to
customers & citizens
- - Resistance to cost sharing
- - Potentially high transaction
costs
20. Outline of the presentation
What is aggregation?
Aggregation models
The process of aggregation
Summary
21. Aggregation: define scale, scope and
process
SCALE
Two Towns National Territory
SCOPE
A single service
or function
All services and
functions
PROCESS
Voluntary Mandated
22. Improved efficiency of service delivery
(economies of scale)
Enhanced professional capacity in service
provision
Cost sharing to mitigate high-cost systems
Multiple utility ownership will enhance
autonomy of the utility
Potential Benefits
23. Need to balance interests of all participating municipalities to
overcome resistance
Role of central government: assist; incentivize; and/or
mandate
Aggregation without asset ownership transfer can overcome
resistance (but gives aggregated utility less autonomy)
Aggregation must be seen as one element of broader reform
process:
∼ Requires corporatization
∼ Might require reform of the oversight of service provider
∼ Might require adjustment (standardization) of tariffs and subsidies
∼ Sometimes combined with private sector participation
The politics of aggregation
Actual benefits depend on political & other local circumstances
This is one of 2 PowerPoint presentations for leaning module. This one gives an overview, while the one includes case studies.
The module is mainly based on WN1.
In the past 20 years, WSS service delivery in many countries is decentralized to make them more responsive to the needs of the local population. However, most small and medium-size towns lack the capacity to provide beyond a very basic level of services. Therefore, decentralization in the water sector may not yield all of its expected benefits without stronger governance skills at the local level and small-town service providers.
Aggregation of WSS providers is relatively frequent to overcome these problems.
Aggregation is one of many reform options.
Can also be combined with other models (private sector participation for instance)
Interesting for towns that are too small to sustain independent utility.
More on this in para 3.1 of WN1
Models differ from country to country and sometimes with countries.
Models are characterized by:
-scale
-scope
-governance
Corresponding chapter in WN1 is chapter 4.
On lessons: we will come back to case studies
Scale of the aggregated structure?
A few neighboring towns (e.g. Hungary, The Philippines)
All towns in a given region or river basin (e.g. The Netherlands)
Most towns in the country (“national utility”) (e.g. Burkina Faso, Tunisia, Uganda)
There is no standard ‘optimum’ size of utility, but clear that smallest ones are not viable.
Economies of scale tail off beyond a certain point. See graph – With the increase in scale (x axis) the returns to scale increase. The slope becomes less sharp after a point and at some point the returns to scale decline.
Optimal size of an aggregation structure depends on many circumstances such as topographical conditions, access to international markets, water availability etc.
Recent study (Kingdom and Tynan, see reading list) of 270 utilities world wide shows that utilities, particularly those serving a population of 125,000 or less, could reduce per-customer operating costs by increasing their scale of operation.
Scope - What services are aggregated?
Water production
Whole water service (e.g. France and Netherlands)
Water and sanitation
Water and energy and others (solid waste, street lighting, heat)
Scope - What functions are aggregated?
Operations / Management /Procurement / Investment /Financing (Can be through a pick and choose system, e.g. France)
All functions, with merging of assets and staff
Decisions:
Define institutional form of aggregated structure
Distribution of responsibilities between member municipalities and aggregated structure.
Arrangements can be temporary, for a specific objective such as investment or access to private sector participation or permanent, with practical limits on exit
Some forms:
Loose association: Example in Duanvarsany in Hungary: six municipalities created a wastewater association led by the largest municipality, which carries out all administrative activities on behalf of its members.
Permanent structure: Example: the “syndicate” model in France, a permanent structure with its own staff, which offers different combinations of services to different municipalities, according to their requirements. For example, the SDEA syndicate in the East of France provides services to 453 member municipalities and employs 480 employees, most of whom are regional public servants.
Supralevel of local governments: Example: Partido Development Administration in the Philippines provides water, communications, training services, port facilities, energy programs, tourism development, fish processing, health services, economic zones, local roads, and railways for 10 municipalities to accelerate development through an integrated approach.
Aggregated entity will have a board in which various owners (e.g. municipalities) make decisions. The distribution of power between the various entities depend on their voting share in the board.
Important:
Define governance arrangements that balance the need to represent all member municipalities and avoid fragmentation and conflicts. Ensure that aggregated entity cannot be captured by one (political) actor.
Establish clear rules in articles of association or other founding document of aggregated entity.
Develop a clear information strategy to customers and community leaders can help further in limiting political capture.
Corresponding chapter in WN1 is para. 4.3 and annex B.
We will look at:
Permanent or temporary aggregations
Voluntary or mandatory aggregation
Stages in process
Entry and exit conditions for local governments
Aggregation can be initiated by the entities involved without any incentives of rules from “above”. This is called voluntary aggregation. Example: The Philippines – speed of aggregation varies, some areas get stuck (if entities are too different – in size, $$, water resources).
Higher tier governments can play an important role by steering local entities through incentives or roles.
Incentives – example: Hungary, the central government increased grant funding by 10% for aggregated entities vs individual municipalities. In Brazil, local governments were compelled to delegate service provision to state water companies through concession arrangements to receive subsidies and funding.
Mandatory -often imposed after a voluntary or incentive process fails. Examples: The Netherlands: national government mandate provincial government to impose binding reorganization plans (however, force let to local resistance and slow process). England and Wales are exceptional in having a fully top-down process.
The process of analyzing the options for aggregation starts with identifying and assessing drivers and constraints. Secondly the
benefits and costs for each entity should be identified and assessed. Deciding on whether to embark on a process of aggregation. This is a standard list of pros and cons ~ specify them for your own situation.
Upon completing the assessment of benefits and costs for each entity, it will be important to consider the impacts of alternative types of grouping, considering different geographical scales, services, and functions aggregated. Under this analysis, the distribution of benefits and costs for each entity for alternative types of grouping should be conducted because one of the main constraints of aggregation is often that such benefits and costs are inequitably distributed. Intuitively, it appears that the benefits of aggregation are likely to increase with the degree of grouping (up to a certain level), but so would the costs and the associated constraints. Therefore, the optimal level of aggregation (or optimal size of the unit of water service provision) should be where the curve showing the reciprocal of the increasing benefits would intersect the curve showing the increasing constraints, or degree of resistance to aggregation that would result from such constraints, as in this figure.
This figure also illustrates that barriers to aggregation could be reduced through the provision of incentives for aggregation (such as financial incentives provided by higher levels of government), broadly described in the main report. If incentives were adequately provided, it may be possible to move further along the progressive complexity from informal or temporary clusters of municipalities to more formal types of grouping or aggregation.
We discussed: scale, scope, process.
Conclusions:
experience with aggregation is rich and abundant and that many policy lessons can be drawn from such experiences.
Aggregation reforms are likely to become increasingly needed, for reasons internal or external to the WSS sector.
Three main factors to consider are scale, scope and process.
Let's recuperate the potential benefits:
Aggregation provides opportunities for improved efficiency of service delivery through economies of scale and scope.
Aggregation facilitates enhanced professional capacity in service providers.
Cost sharing through aggregation can mitigate the impact of high-cost systems.
Aggregation can fail if benefits are not clearly understood and there is no adequate process in place to implement it; due process and political will are key to the success of the aggregation initiative.
Aggregation - like all WSS reforms - is an inherently political process. Aggregation has implications for local democracy. The potential benefits are high, but in how far these potential benefits can be realized depends on local politics. There will always be resistance to change, as some actors will have to give up power. Central governments can assist, mandate, or provide incentives for the aggregation process. Assets can either be divested to the aggregated utility or remain with the individual governments. Aggregation without transfer of asset ownership will meet less resistance --> however it might lead to problems down the line as the utility has no full control over its assets.
Aggregation is one element of reforms.
Aggregation can be an important element of public utility reforms as it introduces multiple minority owners. Diversifying ownership can reduce the risk of capture by own owner. An aggregated entity, by its nature, is either a statutory body or a government owned company. Its corporate oversight board comprises of representatives from multiple municipalities. The Board will balance the needs of the various member municipalities and thus proceed on a consensus rather than unilateral approach. The ability of any single municipality to overtly influence the activities of the provider becomes more limited.
When linking aggregation and private sector participation, be careful not to overemphasize the need for a larger revenue base to attract operators.
Aggregation decisions may be formulated when introducing private sector participation (PSP) into the WSS sector. Implementing PSP and aggregation reform processes simultaneously is not necessarily beneficial, however. Aggregation decisions are fundamental decisions for the sector. Maximizing the efficiency of service provision should be the primary focus, as opposed to maximizing the attractiveness of the transaction. Any proposed aggregation should stand on its own and make technical, economic, and political sense.