Understanding mukuru a planning perspective
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Presentation on a planning perspective: Report on 'Increasing access to justice and services for informal settlement dwellers in Nairobi, Kenya. 5th February 2015
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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- 1. Understanding Mukuru A Planning Perspective
- 4. The Layout
- 8. Access to Services (Limited Options)
- 9. Service Provision Resources, Power Relations, and Gender Dynamics Service provision in Mukuru is a function of 1) community and power brokers’ relationships, 2) gender dynamics, 3) access and control of resources especially land
- 10. Power Dynamics in Water Provision
- 11. Power Dynamics “… it is the Chief, elders and neighbours you will have to consult before constructing a facility…If you proceed without their knowledge, the leaders will follow you up and stop the project...” Focus Group Discussion Participant, 2014
- 13. Livelihoods
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- 15. Forward-Looking Plans in Mukuru 1. In situ upgrading framework: Provide housing and services with minimal disruption or changes to the existing conditions 2. Comprehensive / Total Upgrading framework: A new Mukuru 3. Mixed Approach: Negotiated approach 4. Land Share Model: Cede and gain – Win : Win
- 16. The Future Infrastructure and Nodes
- 18. The Housing Unit •One-off construction with overall minimal displacement •Infill design or total redevelopment of some parcels •Targets middle class with potential for cross- subsidization •Market-Driven (Landlords) or Civil Society-Driven (Social Empowerment) •Allows for subletting
- 19. Planning Proposal for Mukuru On Services • Public and Private Partnerships • Create partnerships between service providers and community structures On Gender Equity •Mainstream gender-equitable strategies, including particular efforts to ensure the visibility of women and girls • Give women equal opportunities to participate in the upgrading scheme • Ensure women enjoy equal representation and recognition when granting property rights. On Skills Transfer to the Youth • Promotion of industrial trainings and entrepreneurial skills transfer On Finance • Support for grassroots savings schemes in Mukuru A Holistic Approach • Embrace multiple models of slum upgrading to cater for the diversity of issues and players