This document discusses the morphological changes that occur from 1-9 months of fetal development. It provides the typical length, weight, and physical characteristics expected at the end of each month. Key details include eye development by the end of the first month, hand and foot webbing by the end of the second month, and the ability to determine sex by the end of the fourth month. The document also discusses methods for determining gestational age and provides examples of fetal measurements to estimate age.
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Similar to age of fetus with morphological features (20)
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2. Term ovum is used for 7 - 10 days after
conception, i.e., until the implantation occurs.
Called embryo from 1st to 8th week and fetus
later.
GESTATIONAL AGE: determined from
maturation of chorionic villi, foot length and
ossification centers.
3. END OF 1st MONTH
length: 1 cm
Weight: 2.5 g
Eye is seen as two dark
spot.
Mouth as cleft.
4. END OF 2nd MONTH
length: 4 cm
Weight: 10 g
Eyes and nose is
recognizable.
Hands and feet are
webbed.
Placenta is formed.
5. END OF 3rd MONTH
Length: 9 cm
Weight: 30 g
Eyes are closed and
pupillary membrane
appears.
Nails appear.
Neck is formed.
6. END OF 4th MONTH
Length: 16 cm
Weight: 120 g
Sex can be recognized.
Lanugo hair is seen.
Meconium is seen in upper
part of small intestine.
7. END OF 5th MONTH
Length: 25 cm
Weight: 400 g
Nails are distinct and soft.
Vernix caseosa appears
on body.
8. END OF 5th MONTH
CONTINUED
Fine hair on scalp.
Meconium at the
beginning of large
intestine.
CENTRE OF
OSSIFICATION FOR
CALCANEUM APPEARS
9. END OF 6th MONTH
Length: 30 cm
Weight: 700 g
Eyebrow and eye lashes
appear.
Eyelids are adherent.
Skin is red and wrinkled for
want of fat.
10. END OF 7th MONTH
Length: 35 cm
Weight:900-1200g
Eyes are open, pupillary
membrane disappears.
Nails are thick.
Skin is dusky red , thick
and fibrous
11. END OF 7th MONTH
CONTINUED
Meconium present in
entire large intestine.
Centre of ossification for
talus appear.
12. END OF 8th MONTH
Length: 40 cm
Weight: 1-1.5kg
Scalp hair is thick.
Nails reach the tips of
fingers.
Lanugo hair on face.
13. END OF 9th MONTH
Length: 45 cm
Weight: 2.5-3kg
Scalp is covered with dark
hair.
Vernix caseosa is present
over flexures of joints and
neck folds.
14. END OF 9th MONTH
CONTINUED
Ossification centers for
lower end femur, cuboid
and capitate appear.
15. FULL TERM CHILD
length: 50-53 cm
Weight: 3-3.5 kg
Nail projects beyond finger
tips, but reach only tip of
toes.
Rectum contains dark
green and black
meconium.
16. FULL TERM CHILD
CONTINUED
Six fontanelles are present.
Umbilicus is midway
between xiphisternum and
symphysis pubis.
Centre of ossification for
upper end of tibia appears.
17. Demonstration of centers of ossification
1.Sternum: The bone is replaced on a wooden board
and sectioned in its long axis with a cartilage knife which
exposes the centers of ossification.
18. 2.Lower end of femur and upper end of tibia: The leg is
flexed against the thigh and a horizontal incision is made
into the knee joint and patella is removed.A number of
cross sections are made through the epiphysis starting
from the articular surface and continuing until the largest
cross-section of ossification center is reached. In the
lower end of femur, this is seen as brownish-red nucleus
which is surrounded by a bluish-white cartilage.
19. 3.Bones of foot: The heel of the foot is held by
one hand and with the other hand an incision is
made through the interspace between the 3rd-4th
toes and carried downwards through the sole of
the foot and heel
20. RULE OF HAASE
It is a rough method of calculating the age of fetus.
The length of fetus is measured from crown to heel in
centimeters.
During first five months of pregnancy- square root of length
gives approximate age of fetus in months.
During last five months- length in centimeters divided by 5
gives age in months. - MORISON’s law
21. SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Write about age of fetus.
2. A dead fetus was sent for
post-mortem examination. length:38
cm. weight:900 g.
a. Determine the age of fetus?
b. Write the rule of HAASE and
MORISON’s?
23. 1.Crown-heel length of five months fetus
would be
a. 16 cm b. 25 cm
c. 30 cm d. 35 cm
ans - b. 25 cm
24. 2.Rule of HAASE is used to determine.
a.age of fetus
b.height of an adult
c.race of person
d.identification
ans- a.age of fetus
25. 3.Ossification centre, appearing
at end of 9th month is
a.lower end of femur
b.lower end of tibia
c.upper end of humerus
d.scaphoid
ans - a.lower end of femur
26. 4.The average length of a full term child
will be about
a. 35 cm b. 40 cm
c. 50 cm d. 55 cm
ans - c. 50 cm
27. 5.Following is the correct sequence of
ossification
a.talus-calcaneum-cuboid
b.cuboid-calcaneum-talus
c.calcaneum-talus-cuboid
d.talus-cuboid-calcaneum
ans - c.calcaneum-talus-cuboid
