The document compares the age and sex structure of Uttar Pradesh and Kerala based on 2011 Census data. It finds that Kerala has higher sex ratios, lower youth dependency, and an older population compared to Uttar Pradesh. Over time, both regions showed a transition to lower fertility and mortality, though Kerala transitioned earlier and more rapidly as indicated by its older population structure in 2011.

1. AGE & SEX STRUCTURE OF
UTTAR PRADESH & KERALA:
A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Aman, Nandlal, Pankaj & Rahul
International Institute for Population Science (IIPS)
Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai-400088

2. Compare the age and sex structure of Uttar Pradesh and Kerala.
How they differ from each other? Compute the various measures
of age structure and compare them.
Outline:
Introduction
Part 1: Current Age & Sex Specific Demographic Profile
of Uttar Pradesh and Kerala
Part 2: Comparative analysis of current Age-Sex Specific
Demography of Uttar Pradesh, Kerala and India
Part 3: Transition over time: A comparative analysis
Conclusion

3. CURRENT AGE & SEX SPECIFIC
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF UP & KERALA
Source: Census 2011
Part-1

4.  Total Population: 199,812,341 ≈ 20 Crore
(16.5% of India’s Total Population)
 Male Popln
: 104,480,510 | Female Popln
: 95,331,831
 Sex Ratio*: 912
(Rural: 918 | Urban: 894)
 Child Sex Ratio*: 902
(Rural: 906 | Urban: 885)
 Sex Ratio at Birth*: 897
(Rural: 902 | Urban: 877)
_____________________________________
*Females per 1000 males
Uttar Pradesh: Sex Ratios
52.3%
47.7%
Male Female

5. Uttar Pradesh: Age-Sex Frequency Table
Age Group Persons Males Male (%) Females Female (%)
0-5 20376668 10660474 5.38 9716194 4.90
5-10 25061717 13250331 6.69 11811386 5.96
10-15 25869881 13679154 6.90 12190727 6.15
15-20 23040380 12307573 6.21 10732807 5.42
20-25 17578648 9405485 4.75 8173163 4.12
25-30 14579829 7466367 3.77 7113462 3.59
30-35 12954682 6431401 3.25 6523281 3.29
35-40 12556222 6401231 3.23 6154991 3.11
40-45 10231402 5395162 2.72 4836240 2.44
45-50 8449777 4382148 2.21 4067629 2.05
50-55 6587023 3571917 1.80 3015106 1.52
55-60 5464146 2626201 1.33 2837945 1.43
60-65 5705191 2968771 1.50 2736420 1.38
65-70 3839969 1958472 0.99 1881497 0.95
70-75 2832368 1535092 0.77 1297276 0.65
75-80 1249892 638877 0.32 611015 0.31
80+ 1812484 935921 0.47 876563 0.44
Total 19,81,90,279 52.28 47.72

6. Uttar Pradesh: Age-Sex Pyramid
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
Female (%) Male (%)

7.  Median Age: 21.5 years ≈ 22 years
 Dependency Ratio (DR): 69.18
 Old DR: 8.30
 Young DR: 60.87
 Ageing Index: 14
 Potential Support Ratio: 12
 Proportion of Youth: 21%
Uttar Pradesh: Age Measures
36%
59%
5%
Children Working Age Elderly
____________________________
*Children: 0 to 14; Youth: 15 to 24; Working Age: 15 to 64; Elderly: 65+

8.  Total Population: 33,387,677 ≈ 3.3 Crore
(2.8% of India’s Total Population)
 Male Popln: 16,021,290 | Female Popln: 17,366,387
 Sex Ratio*: 1084
(Rural: 1078 | Urban: 1091)
 Child Sex Ratio*: 964
(Rural: 965 | Urban: 963)
 Sex Ratio at Birth*: 978
(Rural: 981 | Urban: 974)
_____________________________________
*Females per 1000 males
Kerala: Sex Ratios
48.0%
52.0%
Male Female

9. Kerala: Age-Sex Frequency Table
Age Group Persons Male Male (%) Female Female (%)
0-5 2453092 1247534 3.74 1205558 3.61
5-10 2555112 1303190 3.91 1251922 3.75
10-15 2822770 1438917 4.31 1383853 4.15
15-20 2610552 1328299 3.98 1282253 3.84
20-25 2665809 1298826 3.89 1366983 4.10
25-30 2604092 1203978 3.61 1400114 4.20
30-35 2455501 1128217 3.38 1327284 3.98
35-40 2579673 1161819 3.48 1417854 4.25
40-45 2412498 1117424 3.35 1295074 3.88
45-50 2348530 1105598 3.31 1242932 3.72
50-55 1928145 931191 2.79 996954 2.99
55-60 1742408 861527 2.58 880881 2.64
60-65 1414671 685136 2.05 729535 2.19
65-70 1002134 459232 1.38 542902 1.63
70-75 733372 326562 0.98 406810 1.22
75-80 501367 208317 0.62 293050 0.88
80+ 541849 204348 0.61 337501 1.01
Total 3,33,71,575 48% 52%

10. Kerala: Age-Sex Pyramid
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
Female (%) Male (%)

11.  Median Age: 32 years
 Dependency Ratio (DR): 46.6
 Old DR: 12.2
 Young DR: 34.4
 Ageing Index: 35.5
 Potential Support Ratio: 8.2
 Proportion of Youth: 16%
Kerala: Age Measures
24%
68%
8%
Children Working Age Elderly
____________________________
*Children: 0 to 14; Youth: 15 to 24; Working Age: 15 to 64; Ealderly: 65+

12. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS:
UTTAR PRADESH, KERALA & INDIA
Source: Census 2011
Part-2

13. Population Distribution by Sex
52.3%
47.7%
Uttar Pradesh
(2011)
Male Female
48.0%
52.0%
Kerala (2011)
Male Female
51.5%
48.5%
India (2011)
Male Female

14. Sex Ratio*
912 918
894
943 949
929
1084 1078 1091
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
Sex Ratio
(Total)
Sex Ratio
(Rural)
Sex Ratio
(Urban)
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala
____________________________
*Females per 1000 males

15. Child Sex Ratios* (CSR)
902 906
885
919 923
905
964 965 963
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
CSR (Total) CSR (Rural) CSR (Urban)
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala
____________________________
*Females per 1000 males

16. Sex Ratios at Birth* (SRB)
897 902
877
910 912 905
978 981 974
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
SRB (Total) SRB (Rural) SRB (Urban)
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala
____________________________
*Females per 1000 males

17. Population by Broad Age-groups
36%
59%
5%
21%
31%
64%
5%
19%
24%
68%
8%
16%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Children Working Age Elderly Youth
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala
____________________________
*Children: 0 to 14; Youth: 15 to 24; Working Age: 15 to 64; Elderly: 65+

18. Age-Sex Pyramid
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
Female (%) Male (%)
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
Female (%) Male (%)
India (2011)Uttar Pradesh (2011)

19. Age-Sex Pyramid
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
Female (%) Male (%)
India (2011)Kerala (2011)
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
Female (%) Male (%)

20. Age-Sex Pyramid
Uttar Pradesh (2011)Kerala (2011)
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
Female (%) Male (%)
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
Female (%) Male (%)

21. Dependency Ratios
69
61
8
57
48
9
47
35
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Dependency Ratio Young Dependency
Ratio
Old Dependency
Ratio
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala

22. Other Age Measures
Indicators Kerala India U.P.
Median Age 32 25 22
Potential Support Ratio 8 11 12
Ageing Index 35 18 14
Life Expectancy 75 68 65
____________________________
*Potential Support Ratio= P(15-64)/P(65+)
*Aging Index= =100* P(65+)/P(0-14)

23. TRANSITION OVER TIME: A COMPARATIVE
ANALYSIS
Sources: Census of India & Demographics of Population Ageing
in India
Part-3

24. Child Sex Ratios* (CSR)
927
916
902
945
927
919
958 963 964
800
850
900
950
1000
1991 2001 2011
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala
____________________________
*Females per 1000 males

25. Sex Ratio*
____________________________
*Females per 1000 males
909
879 885 879
898
912
941 930 934 927 933 943
1022
1066
1032 1036
1058
1084
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala

26. ‘0 to 14’ Age-group Population
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021
InPercentage(%)
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala
Children Population

27. ‘15 to 59’ Age-group Population
45
50
55
60
65
70
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021
InPercentage(%)
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala
Working Age Population

28. ’60+’ Age-group Population
0
5
10
15
20
25
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021
InPercentage(%)
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala
Elderly Population

29. Median Age
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021
InYears
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala

30. Dependency Ratio (Young)
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala
________________________________________
* YDR = 100 * P(0-14) / P(15-59)

31. Dependency Ratio (Old)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala
____________________________________
* ODR = 100 * P(60+) / P(15-59)

32. Dependency Ratio (Total)
50
60
70
80
90
100
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala
____________________________________
* DR = 100 * {P(0-14) + P(60+)} / P(15-59)

33. Ageing Index
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala
____________________________________
* Index of ageing = 100*P(60+) / P(0-14)

34. Age-Sex Pyramid(UP)
Uttar Pradesh (2011)Uttar Pradesh (1961)
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
Female (%) Male (%)
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70+
Female (%) Male (%)

35. Age-Sex Pyramid
Kerala (1961)Kerala (2011)
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
Female (%)
Male (%)
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70+

36. 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70+
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70+
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70+
Uttar Pradesh India Kerala
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8
0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80+
2011 2011
1961 1961

37. Projection
Source: Demographics of Population Ageing in India, IESC, Bangalore
Kerala (2025) Uttar Pradesh (2025)

38.  Age-Sex structure of Kerala highly resembles to that of the
Developed nations.
 Age-Sex structure of Uttar Pradesh highly resembles to that of
the Developing nations.
 Among all Indian states Uttar Pradesh and Kerala represents
two opposite extremes for almost all age-sex measures.
Conclusion
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