Employment Scenario of Lakshadweep: An Overview
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Dr. Abdul Azeez N.P. Assistant Professor of Economics, Aligarh Muslim University Malappuram Centre abdulazeeznp@gmail.com
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Employment Scenario of Lakshadweep: An Overview
- 1. Dr. Abdul Azeez N.P. Assistant Professor of Economics, Aligarh Muslim University Malappuram Centre abdulazeeznp@gmail.com
- 2. Like other parts of our country, generation of employment opportunities is a challenge in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep.
- 3. Sources of Data • 5th Annual Employment Unemployment Survey 2015- 16 conducted by Labour Bureau. • The survey has been conducted in all the States/UTs and covers all the districts. • The field work was executed from April, 2015 to December, 2015.
- 4. States Number of Household surveyed Number of person surveyed Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Kerala 1776 2879 4655 7994 13289 21283 Lakshadweep 30 240 270 178 1336 1514 India 88783 67780 156563 448254 333539 781793
- 5. Labour Force Participation Rate • LFPR shows the proportion of a country’s working-age population that engages actively in the labour market, either by working or looking/searching for work. • It indicates relative size of the supply of labour available to engage in the production of goods and services.
- 6. Sector Male Female Transgender Person Rural 77.3 26.7 51.1 53.0 Urban 69.1 16.2 41.2 43.5 Total 75.0 23.7 48.0 50.3 LFPR at National Level (%)
- 8. State/ UTs Rural Urban Rural +Urban Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Kerala 72.2 31.2 50.7 70.4 30.3 49.3 71.4 30.8 50.0 Lakshadweep 34.0 24.5 29.0 62.3 15.7 58.3 58.3 16.9 36.1 Total (India) 77.3 26.7 53.0 69.1 16.2 43.5 75.0 23.7 50.3 LFPR for Lakshadweep and Kerala- (%)
- 9. Worker Population Ratio (WPR) WPR signifies the proportion of workers/employed persons in the total population.
- 10. States Rural Urban R+U M F P M F P M F P Kerala 69.4 21.6 44.3 67.1 21.5 43.1 68.4 21.6 43.8 Lakshadweep 32.1 23.9 27.8 51.3 13.1 30.7 48.5 14.5 30.3 Total 74.1 24.6 50.4 66.8 14.3 41.4 72.1 21.7 47.8 Worker Population Ratio (WPR) (Percent)
- 12. States Self Employed Wage/ Salary Earners Contract Workers Casual Labour Kerala 27.0 26.0 3.2 43.8 Lakshadweep 31.6 42.1 15.0 11.4 India 46.6 17.0 3.7 32.8 Distribution of Employed Person among different Categories of Employment (%) (R+ U)
- 14. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 AndhraPradesh ArunachalPradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Gujarat Haryana Karnataka Kerala Maharashtra Mizoram Odisha Punjab TamilNadu UttarPradesh WestBengal Lakshadweep Puducherry Delhi Goa India State-wise Distribution of Wage/Salaried Person (%)
- 15. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 AndhraPradesh ArunachalPradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Gujarat Haryana Karnataka Kerala Maharashtra Mizoram Odisha Punjab TamilNadu UttarPradesh WestBengal Lakshadweep Puducherry Chandigarh Dadra&NagarHaveli Daman&Diu India State-wise Distribution of Contract Workers Person (%)
- 17. Lakshadweep Self Employed Wage/ Salary earners Contract workers Casual Labour Total Male 30.2 37.6 18.0 14.2 100 Female 35.6 55.3 6.0 3.1 100 Rural 13.5 48.4 24.5 13.6 100 Rural - Male 20.4 18.2 38.4 22.8 100 Rural- Female 4.7 86.5 7.1 1.8 100 Urban 34.2 41.2 13.6 11.0 100 Urban - Male 31.1 39.6 15.9 13.4 100 Urban - Female 44.4 46.6 5.7 3.3 100 Distribution of Employed Person among different Categories of Employment in Lakshadweep Gender & Sector wise (Percent)
- 18. Lakshadweep Self employment Regular wage/salaried Contract workers Casual labour Persons in labour force 31.5 42.1 15.0 11.4 Up to 5000 28.4 5.2 3.9 13.9 5001-7500 35.6 11.5 9.1 34.0 7501-10000 18.5 11.6 40.2 18.7 10001-20000 11.2 14.4 22.8 12.3 20001-50000 6.3 53.9 22.1 21.1 50001-100000 - 3.4 1.7 - Above 100000 - - - - Self employed/ wage/ salaried/ contract/ casual workers according to Average Monthly Earnings in Lakshadweep (%)
- 19. States No earners 1 Earner 2 Earners 3 Earners 4 & above Kerala 13.2 46.3 30.0 8.1 2.5 Lakshadweep 13.8 51.9 19.0 10.9 4.3 India 5.1 48.4 30.6 10.7 5.2 Percentage Distribution of Households having Number Earner
- 20. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 No earners one earner Two earners Three Earners 4 & above Rural 10.2 46.7 7.9 34.4 0.8 Urban 14.2 52.6 20.4 8.1 4.7 Percentage Percentage Distribution of Households having Number Earner in Lakshadweep
- 21. Unemployment Rate It reflects the portion of the labour force which was available for work during the given reference period but did not get work.
- 22. Sector Male Female Transgender Person Rural 4.2 7.8 2.1 5.1 Urban 3.3 12.1 10.3 4.9 Total 4.0 7.8 4.3 5.0 Unemployment Rate for different Categories based on UPS approach (All India- %)
- 23. AndhraPradesh ArunachalPradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Gujarat Haryana Karnataka Kerala Maharashtra Mizoram Odisha Punjab TamilNadu UttarPradesh WestBengal Lakshadweep Puducherry India 3.9 8.9 6.1 6 1.9 0.9 4.7 1.5 12.5 2.1 3 5 6 4.2 7.4 4.9 16.1 4.9 5 Unemployment Rate among Major State (%)
- 24. Unemployment Rate (Percent) States Rural Urban Rural + Urban Male Female Total Male Female Total Kerala 3.8 30.8 12.5 4.6 29.0 12.6 12.5 Lakshadweep 5.5 2.4 4.1 17.8 16.8 17.5 16.1 Total 4.2 7.8 5.1 5.1 3.3 10.3 5.0
- 25. Male Female Total 5.5 2.4 4.1 17.8 16.8 16.716.7 14 16.1 Unemployment rate in Lakshadweep (%) Rural Urban Rural + Urban
- 26. Proportion Unemployed (PU) It is the proportion of unemployed persons in the total population, whereas unemployment rate is defined as a proportion of unemployed persons in the labour force.
- 27. Sex Rural Urban R+U Male 3.2 2.3 3.0 Female 2.1 2.0 2.1 Transgender 1.1 2.0 2.1 Total Persons 2.7 2.1 2.5 Proportion Unemployed based on UPS (%)- National Level
- 28. 2.2 2.5 2.1 2.2 0.8 0.3 1.5 0.8 5.3 0.8 1.1 2 2.5 2.2 2.7 1.9 1.6 2.6 6.9 6 1.9 Proportion Unemployed among Major States (%)
- 29. Under-Employment The persons who were available for 12 months during the reference period are categorized into following four groups; • Worked for 12 months or fully employed • Worked for 6-11 months (partially employed) • Worked for 1-5 months (partially employed) • Did not get any work and remained unemployed throughout the year.
- 30. Percentage distribution of persons available for 12 months States Sector Worked 12 month 6-11 months 1-5 months Did not get any work Kerala Rural 58.9 29.5 1.5 10.1 Urban 68.8 19 1.4 10.8 R+ U 63.4 24.7 1.5 10.4 Lakshadweep Rural 96.5 3.5 - - Urban 68.9 14.4 12.4 4.3 R+ U 72 13.2 11 3.8 India Rural 52.7 42.1 1.4 3.8 Urban 82.1 13.2 0.4 4.3 R+ U 60.6 34.4 1.1 3.9
- 31. Percentage distribution of persons in Lakshadweep Lakshadweep Worked 12 months Worked 6-11 months Worked 1 to 5 months Did not get any work Male 69.1 15.1 13.6 2.3 Female 81 7.3 3 8.7 Rural- Male 93.7 6.3 - - Rural- Female 100 - - - Urban- Male 66.9 15.8 14.8 2.5 Urban- female 76 9.2 3.8 11
- 32. Reasons Graduate Post Graduate Rural Urban R+U Rural Urban R+U Non-availability of jobs matching with education/skill/experience 55.9 64.0 58.3 58.5 68.7 62.4 Non-availability of adequate remuneration 25.1 17.5 22.8 24.8 16.0 21.5 Family/ personal problems 5.5 5.0 5.3 3.7 4.0 3.8 Other 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.0 11.3 12.4 Unemployed person having graduate/Post graduate level by reasons of unemployment at national level
- 33. States Unemployed persons having graduate level qualification Unemployed persons having graduate level qualification by reasons of unemployment Non-availability of jobs matching with education/skill/experience Non- availability of adequate remuneration Family/ personal problems Other Kerala 18.5 71.8 15.2 7.7 5.4 Lakshadweep 22.3 30.7 - - 69.3 India 10.0 58.3 22.8 5.3 13.5 States Unemployed persons having post-graduate level qualification Unemployed persons having post-graduate level qualification by reasons of unemployment Non-availability of jobs matching with education/skill/experience Non- availability of adequate Remuneration Family/ personal problem s Other Kerala 14.5 81.4 13.1 2.9 2.6 Lakshadweep 24.5 15.4 - - 84.6 India 9.8 62.4 21.5 3.8 12.4
- 34. Methods adopted Lakshadweep Kerala India Through employment exchange 2.1 6.3 4.3 Application made in response to advertisement 3.7 20.6 23.7 Application made directly 12.7 4.8 2.7 Through friends/relatives 4.2 22.1 24.1 Through placement agencies/contractors 56.5 1.0 1.4 Employment exchange & advertisement 15.1 8.8 4.2 Friend/ Relative & Agencies/ Contractors - 1.9 2.3 More than two methods 5.7 29.9 33.5 Others - 4.6 3.8 Unemployed Persons by Methods Adopted to Seek Work
- 35. Recommendations • A comprehensive policy for development of fisheries, tourism and establishment of eco-friendly industries may be evolved for a systematic development of these sectors; • Promote SSIs through SHGs; • Vocational type of education system should be introduced; • Promote self employment opportunities; and • Migration to mainland.