The document discusses regional disparity in India, highlighting its types such as inter-regional and intra-regional disparities, and explores various causes for growing inequalities, including historical, geographical, and infrastructural factors. It also presents indicators of disparity and government interventions aimed at reducing these disparities. The importance of addressing regional disparity for better resource distribution and economic stability is emphasized.

1. REGIONAL DISPARITY IN INDIA
Presenter
ADAMAS UNIVERSITY | KOLKATA - 700126
ARGHYADEEP SAHA
Dept. of Geography (SOBAS)
Enrol ID- AU/2019/05/0003922
arghyadeep.saha@stu.adamasuniversity.ac.in

2. Friday, 20 August 2021 Regional Development and Planning (SGY32103) 2
Figures-
 Introduction.
 Types of Regional Disparity in India.
 Causes of growing Disparity in India.
 Indicators of Disparity in India.
 Government interruption to reduce Regional Disparities in India.
 Why to reduce Regional Disparity ?
 Statistical analysis of Regional Disparity model in India.
 References.

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Introduction-
 What ??
Answer- Uneven economic achievement in different geographical region.
 How disparity can be demonstrated ??
Answer- By various indicators.
 Why ??
Answer- Ultimatum for the policy makers.

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Types of Regional Disparity in India-
INTER
INTRA
• Inter Regional Disparity– Differential
development between / among various
states in India.
• Intra Regional Disparity– Differential
development within the state in India.

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Types of Regional Disparity in India-
• Inter Regional Disparity– Differential
development between / among various
states in India.

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Types of Regional Disparity in India-
• Intra Regional Disparity– Differential
development within the state in India.
Divisional Region of Maharashtra

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Causes of growing Disparity in India-
1. Historical- British govt. & industrialists
developed only those regions of the
country which possessed rich potential.

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Causes of growing Disparity in India-
2. Geographical- Difficult terrain makes
resource mobilization difficult.

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Causes of growing Disparity in India-
3. Infrastructural issues- Connectivity,
banking facility, power facility.

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Causes of growing Disparity in India-
4. Green revolution- Restrict success to
wheat growing belt.

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Causes of growing Disparity in India-
5. Law and order problem- Obstructing
the flow of investments into backward
regions.
6. Political- Developed on the basis of
priority.

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Causes of growing Disparity in India-
7. Locational advantages- Regions are
favoured in respect of site selections
of various development projects.

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Causes of growing Disparity in India-
8. Failure of planning mechanisms- Lack
of adequate and goal oriented
resources.
9. Decline in Public Investment- Govt.
limiting its role vs participation in
economic activity.

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Causes of growing Disparity in India-
10. Demography- Population growth,
population density, literacy rate.
11. Others- Infinite reasons.
Data Info & Stat. Courtesy- National Statistical Offices (NSO)
Rural Population in India for last 50 years

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Causes of growing Disparity in India-

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Indicators of Disparity in India-
Population Growth • Concentrated in northern belt of country.
State per capita income
• GDP of Goa: ₹ 4,58,304
• GDP of Bihar: ₹ 43,822
• GDP of India : ₹ 1,34,432
Infrastructural
• Road network density
• Railway density
Disparities in Agricultural &
Industrial Development
• PB, HR, parts of UP have higher agricultural productivity. WB, MH, GJ, UP mainly industrialized while
others lagging behind.
Population below Poverty Line • Bihar, UP, MP, Orissa population % exceeding the national avg. as against Kerala, Punjab, Goa etc,
Degree of Urbanization India • 30% Goa, MH — etc high rate Bihar, H.P, Orissa etc lower than national avg
Per Capita Consumption of
Electricity
• Punjab Gujarat, Haryana, Maharashtra vs Assam, Bihar, Orissa etc,
Employment Pattern
• Industrialized states have greater % of workers in secondary & tertiary sectors than the low industrialized
states. Rate of employment also varies
Socio-eco disparity • States like Kerala, Delhi, Punjab has high HDI as against Jharkhand, Bihar, MP

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Government interruption to reduce Regional Disparities in
India-
Financial resource transfers
 Planning Commission
 Finance Commission
T1
Development Programs
 Agriculture, community and
area development
programme.
 River valley projects
 Expansion of Village and
Small Industries.
 Schemes for Dev. Of
backward areas.
 Diffusion of industrial
activity.
T2
Investments
 Private
 Public
 Joint
T3

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Why to reduce Regional Disparity ?
Less Migration
Even Population
Distribution
Efficient use of
resources
Stabilized
Economic Growth

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Statistical analysis of Regional Disparity model in India-
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
HDI
STATES
UNION TERRITORIES
Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index (HDI) space of 26 years
1990
2018
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
in
₹
cr.
STATES / UT
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
2001-02 2011-12 2018-19 2019-20
Data Info Courtesy– @PLANNING COMMISSION, GOVT.OF INDIA
Stack Diagram by – @ARGHYADEEP SAHA (Author)

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Statistical analysis of Regional Disparity model in India-
5.74
5.65
3.34
2.69
1.79
1.37
1.06
45.58
Migration to selected states (in cr.)
Maharashtra
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
Gujarat
Kerala
Punjab
Assam
Rest of India
Data Info Courtesy- @CENSUS OF INDIA, 2011
Pie Chart by – @ARGHYADEEP SAHA (Author)

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Statistical analysis of Regional Disparity model in India-
4.80% 0.99%
1.44%
90.99%
Migration to MH from selected states (in %)
UP
BIHAR
RAJASTHAN
ODISHA
WEST BENGAL
MP
PUNJAB
Other States

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Statistical analysis of Regional Disparity model in India-
1.90% 1.18%
95.69%
Migration to UP from selected states (in %)
BIHAR
RAJASTHAN
ODISHA
WEST BENGAL
MP
PUNJAB
Other States

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Statistical analysis of Regional Disparity model in India-
0.17%
99.52%
Migration to Kerala from selected states (in %)
UP
BIHAR
RAJASTHAN
ODISHA
WEST BENGAL
MP
PUNJAB
Other States

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References -
@Data Info Courtesy- CENSUS OF INDIA, 2011
• Top 6 Reasons that Economic Development is Important to a Region’s Economy [Infographic] | Orlando
Economic Partnership
• India - Rural Population - 1960-2019 Data | 2020 Forecast
• Data Tables: Planning Commission, Government of India

25. ADAMAS UNIVERSITY | KOLKATA - 700126
Thank You
Credit-
ARGHYADEEP SAHA