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1. Ag Census 2016 - Steve Duff
- 1. 2016 Census of Agriculture Reflections on Land Use in Ontario Steve Duff Chief Economist OMAFRA
- 2. 2 Census of Agriculture • The Census of Agriculture takes place every five years and is conducted by Statistics Canada • Only true inventory of farm production assets • Farm variables include: number and type of farms; crop and land use areas; land management practices; numbers of livestock and poultry; farm machinery and equipment; computer use; farm capital; and farm operating expenses and receipts. • Farm operator variables include: age, sex, farm and non-farm work • Certain questions appear on every census such as those on farm operators, land area, livestock numbers to measure change over time. • New questions allow data to be collected that reflect new technologies and structural changes • Census of Agriculture data are used by: farm operators, producer groups, government, academia and media
- 3. 3 Total Farm Area • The land used by farmers • Includes both owned (workable and non-workable) and rented land (generally just workable) • Does not include land that is not used for farming by non-farmers even if that land is zoned for agricultural purposes and could be used for farming • Total farm area includes: – Total Crop Area: • Grains & oilseed crops • Fruit & vegetable crops • Alfalfa • Other tame hay • Sod and Nursery – Summerfallow – Tame or seeded pasture – Natural land for pasture – Woodlands and wetlands – All other land on the farm
- 4. 4 Total Farm Area – Woodlands • The picture below is an example of woodlands on a farm in Eastern Ontario • The acreage below has been part of total farm area since 1871 – the farm family is no-longer actively farming • The total farm area on this farm will decrease on the next census to just represent the cash crop acres rented out • Same scenario often applies to natural land for pasture
- 5. 5 Total Farm Area – Natural Land for Pasture • The picture below is an example of land not being farmed in Eastern Ontario • The acreage below had been part of total farm area from 1871 until about 1996 – the farm family is no-longer actively farming • The land is not used for farming but is still zoned as agricultural
- 6. 6 Total Farm Area - Land Clearing • The picture below is an example of land clearing in Northern Ontario • The acreage below has not been part of total farm area for over 70 years • The land wasn’t cleared for this census but will be in use with crops for 2021. • Similar scenario in other parts of Ontario but in most cases, the land was under natural land for pasture
- 7. 7 Total Farm Area - Ontario Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture
- 8. 8 Number of Census Farms and Farm Area - Ontario • Number of farms and farm area are decreasing • Worldwide trend of urban consumption of agricultural land Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 004-0002 CANSIM 004-0200 68,633 67,520 59,728 57,211 51,950 49,600 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 #offarms MillionAcres total farm area (acres) Farms
- 9. 9 Total Farm Area - Ontario Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture Ontario Farm Data, Censusof Agriculture, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016 Land Category 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 20 Years 10 years 5 Years Grains & Oilseeds crops (acres) 5,925,066 6,199,108 6,167,018 6,578,634 7,034,278 18.7% 14.1% 6.9% Hay and fodder crops (acres) 2,515,846 2,504,026 2,562,637 2,077,911 1,721,214 -31.6% -32.8% -17.2% Fruit (acres) 70,664 65,076 63,704 52,740 51,192 -27.6% -19.6% -2.9% Vegetables (acres) 158,471 170,147 155,594 129,595 135,420 -14.5% -13.0% 4.5% Potatoes (acres) 39,905 43,396 38,155 37,384 34,685 -13.1% -9.1% -7.2% Nursery products (acres) 26,217 25,488 27,079 25,270 21,676 -17.3% -20.0% -14.2% Sod (acres) 23,538 28,674 32,196 28,414 22,833 -3.0% -29.1% -19.6% Total Crop Area (acres) 8,759,707 9,035,915 9,046,383 8,929,948 9,021,298 3.0% -0.3% 1.0% Natural Land for Pasture (acres) 1,641,692 1,314,335 1,112,668 984,808 783,566 -52.3% -29.6% -20.4% Tame or seeded Pasture (acres) 860,786 773,650 749,719 648,758 514,168 -40.3% -31.4% -20.7% Total Pasture Area (acres) 2,502,478 2,087,985 1,862,387 1,633,566 1,297,734 -48.1% -30.3% -20.6% Summerfallow (acres) 48,492 35,175 29,394 23,450 15,885 -67.2% -46.0% -32.3% Woodlands and all other land (acres) 2,568,888 2,348,282 2,372,052 2,081,272 2,013,546 -21.6% -15.1% -3.3% Total Other Land Area (acres) 2,617,380 2,383,457 2,401,446 2,104,722 2,029,431 -22.5% -15.5% -3.6% TotalFarmArea (acres) 13,879,565 13,507,357 13,310,216 12,668,236 12,348,463 -11.0% -7.2% -2.5% Percent Change
- 10. 10 Land Tenure - Ontario Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 004-0001, OMAFRA website 4.11 4.13 4.42 3.76 3.55 9.76 9.37 8.89 8.95 8.75 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Acres(millions) Total area owned (acres) Total area rented (acres)
- 11. 11 Land zoned for Farming (MPAC) vs Total Farm Area (Census) - Ontario 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2006 2011 2016 MillionAcres MPAC Census Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture CANSIM 004-0002 CANSIM 004-0203
- 12. 12 Total Farm Area vs Total Crop Area - Ontario • Crop area increased from 8.4 million acres in 1991 to 9.0 million acres in 2016 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Millionacres total farm area (acres) crop area - excluding Christmas trees (acres) 63% of farm area 73% of farm area Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 004-0203 CANSIM 004-0002
- 13. 13 Total Crop Area - Ontario • Crop area has increased by 7% since 1991 Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture CANSIM 004-0002 CANSIM 004-0203 8.4 8.8 9.0 9.0 8.9 9.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 9.0 9.1 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Millionacres
- 14. 14 Land Prepared for Seeding - Ontario 6.20 6.17 6.67 6.67 7.08 7.57 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 MillionsofAcres Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 004-0205
- 15. 15 Total Farm Area and Crop Area - Regions Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture CANSIM 004-0002 CANSIM 004-0203 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Southern Western Central Eastern Northern MillionAcres Total Farmland 2006 2011 2016 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Southern Western Central Eastern Northern MillionAcres Total Cropland 2006 2011 2016
- 16. 16 Tenure and Land Prepared for Seeding - Regions Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture CANSIM 004-0002 CANSIM 004-0203
- 17. 17 Major Grain & Oilseed Crop Area - Ontario Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 004-0003; CANSIM 004-0213 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Millionacres Total wheat Mixed grain Soybeans Grain corn Silage corn Dry field beans
- 18. 18 Major Horticultural Crop Area - Ontario • Since 2011, vegetable area slightly increased while potato and fruit areas slightly decreased. 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Acres Fruit Vegetables Potatoes Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 0040003 CANSIM 0215 ; CANSIM 004-0214
- 19. 19 Natural Land for Pasture and Tame or Seeded Pasture - Ontario 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 MillionAcres Natural Land for Pasture (acres) Tame or seeded Pasture (acres) Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture CANSIM 004-0002 CANSIM 004-0203
- 20. 20 Number of Census Farms Classified by Industry - Ontario Dairy cattle and milk production 10.6% Beef cattle ranching and farming, including feedlots 22.5% Hog and pig farming 4.2% Poultry 2.6% Sheep and goat farming 2.1%Horses and equine 5.3% Oilseed and grain farming 23.1% Hay farming 8.0% Tobaccofarming 1.7% Vegetable and melon farming 2.7% Fruit and tree-nut farming 3.3% Greenhouse, nursery and floriculture production 4.8% Other types 9.0% Dairy cattle and milk production 6.9% Beefcattle ranching and farming, including feedlots 13.7% Hog and pig farming 2.5% Poultry 2.4% Sheepand goat farming 2.2% Horses and equine 6.3% Oilseedand grain farming 34.0% Hay farming 9.4% Tobacco farming 0.4% Vegetable and melon farming 3.7% Fruit and tree-nut farming 2.7% Greenhouse,nursery and floriculture production 4.1% Othertypes 11.6% 2001 2016 Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 004-0014 CANSIM 004-200 • Significant increase in Oilseed and Grain farms in 2016 compared to 2001
- 21. 21Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 004-0006 CANSIM 004-0233 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 under $10,000 $10,000 - $24,999 $25,000 - $49,999 $50,000 - $99,999 $100,000 - $249,999 $250,000 - $499,999 $500,000 - $999,999 $1,000,000 - $1,999,999 $2,000,000 and over Nooffarms 2011 2016 • In 2016, 16.8% of the farms produced 80% of the farm cash receipts Number of Census Farms Classified by Total Gross Farm Receipts - Ontario
- 22. 22 Number of Census Farms Classified by Total Farm Area - Ontario Size of Farm 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Under 10 acres 4,133 2,860 3,163 2,741 3,051 10 - 69 acres 14,553 12,516 13,690 12,681 12,625 70 - 129 acres 16,120 14,262 12,857 11,779 10,742 130 - 179 acres 7,566 6,531 5,622 4,969 4,592 180 - 239 acres 7,123 6,192 5,472 4,801 4,282 240 - 399 acres 9,504 8,556 7,554 6,460 6,008 400 - 559 acres 4,022 3,936 3,635 3,359 3,093 560 - 759 acres 2,082 2,173 2,175 2,026 1,990 760 - 1,119 acres 1,450 1,548 1,640 1,587 1,593 1,120 - 1,599 acres 590 665 762 788 801 1,600 acres and over 377 489 641 759 823 1,600 - 2,239 acres - - 361 436 457 2,240 - 2,879 acres - - 120 152 168 2,880 - 3,519 acres - - 66 79 88 3,520 acres and over - - 94 92 110 Total 67,520 59,728 57,211 51,950 49,600
- 23. 23 Percentage of Total Crop Area with Use of Commercial Fertilizers - Ontario Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 004-0012 CANSIM 004-0234 67% 68% 61% 65% 65% 70% 95% 95% 84% 91% 85% 87% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Percentage of total crop area with use of commercial fertilizers Percentage of total crop area - minus hay and fodder - with use of commercial…
- 24. 24 Percentage of Total Crop Area with Use of Herbicides - Ontario • The total crop area with use herbicides has increased by 17% since 1991 •The total crop area- minus hay and fodder- with use of herbicides has increased by 11 % since 1991. Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 004-0012 CANSIM 004-0234 53% 56% 60% 60% 66% 70% 76% 79% 84% 84% 86% 86% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Percentage of total crop area with use of herbicides Percentage of total crop area - minus hay and fodder - with use of herbicides
- 25. 25 Percentage of Total Crop Area with Use of Fungicides - Ontario Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 004-0012 CANSIM 004-0234 5% 5% 7% 11% 24% 7% 7% 10% 14% 29% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Percentage of total crop area with use of fungicides Percentage of total crop area - minus hay and fodder - with use of fungicides
- 26. 26 Percentage of Total Crop Area with Use of Insecticides - Ontario Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 004-0012 CANSIM 004-0234 10% 10% 14% 13% 29% 15% 14% 19% 17% 36% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Percentage of total cropland area with use of insecticides Percentage of total cropland area minus hay and fodder with use of insecticides
- 27. No-till - Ontario 3850 8374 12,055 12,637 14,746 14,332 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Nooffarms Millionacres Acres under No-Till Number of farms reporting no-till pactices 27 The number of farms reporting no-till practices increased by 754% since 1991 The total area under no-till increased by 129% since 1991. The average area under no-till per farm reporting increased from 65 acres in 1991 to 149 acres in 2016 Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 004-0010 CANSIM 004-0205
- 28. Winter Cover Crops - Ontario 28 Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 004-0208 12,145 4,547 5,751 8,585 6,340 12,451 - 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 NumberofFarms Winter cover crops
- 29. Windbreaks or shelterbelts - Ontario 29 Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 004-0208 8,706 8,749 8,132 19,044 14,622 17,319 - 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 NumberofFarms Windbreaks or shelterbelts (natural or planted)
- 30. 30 Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture; CANSIM 004-0208 - 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 2001 2006 2011 2016 NumberofFarms In-field winter grazing or feeding Rotational grazing Plowing down green crops Specific Land Practices - Ontario • Farms reporting in-field winter grazing or feeding are not available for 2001 and 2006 census; • Farms reporting rotational grazing are not available for 2001 census.
- 31. 31 Census of Agriculture Links • http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/170510/dq170510a-cansim- eng.htm • (Statistics Canada) • http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/stats/census/index.html (OMAFRA) • http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/stats/agriculture_summary.htm (OMAFRA)