This document contains a 50 question biology exam from 2005 with multiple choice questions covering various topics in biology like:
1. Which group of animals maintain a constant high body temperature (mammals)
2. How many chambers are in a cockroach heart (12)
3. Spermathecae in earthworms function to store sperm (option b)
The questions cover a wide range of topics including anatomy, physiology, evolution, and other areas of biology. The exam is in a multiple choice format with a single correct answer for each question.
Step‐by‐Step Evolution of Vertebrate Blood Coagulation Madhusudan Katti
Department of Biology, Consortium for Evolutionary Studies & Tri Beta Biological Honor Society, California State University, Fresno present:
Step‐by‐Step Evolution of Vertebrate Blood Coagulation
by
Dr. Russell F. Doolittle
Dept. Chemistry & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of California, San Diego
Abstract
The availability of whole genome sequences for a variety of vertebrates is making it possible to reconstruct the step-by-step evolution of complex phenomena like blood coagulation, an event that in mammals involves the interplay of more than two dozen genetically encoded factors. Gene inventories for different organisms are revealing when during vertebrate evolution certain factors first made their appearance or, on occasion, disappeared from some lineages. The whole genome sequence databases of two protochordates and seven non-mammalian vertebrates were examined in search of some 20 genes known to be associated with blood clotting in mammals. No genuine orthologs were found in the protochordate genomes (sea squirt and amphioxus). As for vertebrates, although the jawless fish have genes for generating the thrombin-catalyzed conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, they lack several clotting factors, including two thought to be essential for the activation of thrombin in mammals. Fish in general lack genes for the “contact factor” proteases, the predecessor forms of which make their first appearance in tetrapods. The full complement of factors known to be operating in humans doesn’t occur until pouched marsupials (opossum), at least one key factor still being absent in egg-laying mammals like platypus.
On: Friday, January 29, 2010
At: 3:00‐‐‐4:00 PM
In: Science II, Room 109
Step‐by‐Step Evolution of Vertebrate Blood Coagulation Madhusudan Katti
Department of Biology, Consortium for Evolutionary Studies & Tri Beta Biological Honor Society, California State University, Fresno present:
Step‐by‐Step Evolution of Vertebrate Blood Coagulation
by
Dr. Russell F. Doolittle
Dept. Chemistry & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of California, San Diego
Abstract
The availability of whole genome sequences for a variety of vertebrates is making it possible to reconstruct the step-by-step evolution of complex phenomena like blood coagulation, an event that in mammals involves the interplay of more than two dozen genetically encoded factors. Gene inventories for different organisms are revealing when during vertebrate evolution certain factors first made their appearance or, on occasion, disappeared from some lineages. The whole genome sequence databases of two protochordates and seven non-mammalian vertebrates were examined in search of some 20 genes known to be associated with blood clotting in mammals. No genuine orthologs were found in the protochordate genomes (sea squirt and amphioxus). As for vertebrates, although the jawless fish have genes for generating the thrombin-catalyzed conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, they lack several clotting factors, including two thought to be essential for the activation of thrombin in mammals. Fish in general lack genes for the “contact factor” proteases, the predecessor forms of which make their first appearance in tetrapods. The full complement of factors known to be operating in humans doesn’t occur until pouched marsupials (opossum), at least one key factor still being absent in egg-laying mammals like platypus.
On: Friday, January 29, 2010
At: 3:00‐‐‐4:00 PM
In: Science II, Room 109
Posted: https://ash.confex.com/ash/2011/webprogram/Paper42474.html
Abstract
Adult hematopoietic cells transition through a hemogenic endothelial (HE) intermediate during development, but the signaling pathways modulating this transition are incompletely characterized. Although the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is hypothesized to play a role in blood and endothelial cell formation, early embryonic lethality of mice lacking Hedgehog signaling precludes such analysis. To determine a role for Hh signaling in HE patterning, we assessed the effect of altered Hh signaling in differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), cultured embryonic day 9.5 mouse embryos, and developing zebrafish embryos. In differentiating mESCs, addition of Indian Hh ligand (IHH) increased the number of CD41+c-Kit+ hematopoietic progenitors, whereas chemical inhibition of Hh signaling led to a decrease without affecting primitive-streak mesoderm gene expression. In the setting of Hh inhibition, Notch induction rescued hemogenic VE-cadherin+ cells, demonstrating that Notch expands HE. Scl/Tal1 (stem cell leukemia/T-cell associated leukemia 1) induction rescued VE-cadherin+CD41+ cells, demonstrating that Scl/Tal1 converts endothelial cells to hematopoietic tissue. Similar experiments using cultured mouse yolk sacs demonstrated that signaling pathways are conserved in vivo. Moreover, VE-cadherin+ cells isolated from the mouse yolk sac or paraaortic splanchnopleura, when virally transduced with Notch signaling or Scl, had increased hematopoietic colony-forming activity. Finally, ectopic Notch or Scl induction in zebrafish embryos rescued the expression of the prototypical hemogenic endothelium marker Runx1 in the absence of Hh signalling. Together, our results reveal that the Hh-Notch-Scl axis promotes embryonic hematopoiesis through endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition.
Posted: https://ash.confex.com/ash/2011/webprogram/Paper42474.html
Abstract
Adult hematopoietic cells transition through a hemogenic endothelial (HE) intermediate during development, but the signaling pathways modulating this transition are incompletely characterized. Although the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is hypothesized to play a role in blood and endothelial cell formation, early embryonic lethality of mice lacking Hedgehog signaling precludes such analysis. To determine a role for Hh signaling in HE patterning, we assessed the effect of altered Hh signaling in differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), cultured embryonic day 9.5 mouse embryos, and developing zebrafish embryos. In differentiating mESCs, addition of Indian Hh ligand (IHH) increased the number of CD41+c-Kit+ hematopoietic progenitors, whereas chemical inhibition of Hh signaling led to a decrease without affecting primitive-streak mesoderm gene expression. In the setting of Hh inhibition, Notch induction rescued hemogenic VE-cadherin+ cells, demonstrating that Notch expands HE. Scl/Tal1 (stem cell leukemia/T-cell associated leukemia 1) induction rescued VE-cadherin+CD41+ cells, demonstrating that Scl/Tal1 converts endothelial cells to hematopoietic tissue. Similar experiments using cultured mouse yolk sacs demonstrated that signaling pathways are conserved in vivo. Moreover, VE-cadherin+ cells isolated from the mouse yolk sac or paraaortic splanchnopleura, when virally transduced with Notch signaling or Scl, had increased hematopoietic colony-forming activity. Finally, ectopic Notch or Scl induction in zebrafish embryos rescued the expression of the prototypical hemogenic endothelium marker Runx1 in the absence of Hh signalling. Together, our results reveal that the Hh-Notch-Scl axis promotes embryonic hematopoiesis through endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. SECTION – I (Total Marks :50) Single Correct Answer Type There are five parts in this question. Four choices are given for each part and one of them is correct. Indicate you choice of the correct answer for each part in your answer-book by writing the letter (a), (b), (c) or (d) whichever is appropriate
3. 01 Problem Which of the following group of animals maintain high and constant body temperature such as mammals Reptiles Amphibians Birds Fishes
5. Problem 03 Spermathecae in earthworm is For producing sperm For storage of sperm obtained from male earthworm during copulation and used in future Both (a) and (b) None of these
6. Problem 04 HC1 is secreted by Zymogen cells Peptic cell Oxyntic cells None of these
7. Problem 05 Some vertebrae in birds fuses to form Sacrum Synsacrum Coccyx None of these
8. Problem 06 Disease caused by deficiency of vitamin-C is Beri-beri Scurvy Pellagra Night blindness
9. Problem 07 Insect have 2 pairs of legs 3 pairs of legs 4 pairs of legs 11pairs of legs
10. Problem 08 Carotid artery supplies Oxygenated blood to lungs Oxygenated blood to intestine Oxygenated blood to brain None of these
11. Problem 09 Life period of mammalian erythrocytes is 120 days 180 days 140 days 220 days
12. Problem 10 The process of formation of blood corpuscles is called Haemopoiesis Haemolysis Haemozoin None of these
13. Problem 11 Leech secretes which of the following anticoagulant? Hirudin Heparin Serotonin Histamine
14. Problem 12 Glucose is mainly absorbed in P.C.T D.C.T Henle’s loop nephron
15. Problem 13 The hormone that controls the level the level of calcium and phosphors in the blood is secreted by Thyroid parathyroid pituitary thymus.
16. Problem 14 Which of the following disease is not related to thyroid gland? Myxoedema Acromegaly Cretinism Goitre
17. Problem 15 9"1 pair of cranial nerve in frog is Hypoglossal Glossopharyngeal Vagus Trigeminal
18. Problem 16 Rods and cones of eyes are modified Multipolar neuron Unipolar neuron Bipolar neuron None of these
19. Problem 17 Internal ear is filled with Perilymph Endolymph Lymph Both (a) and (b)
20. Problem 18 Crown of teeth is covered by dentine enamel both (a) and (b) none of these
21. Problem 19 Wisdom teeths are last molars last premolars incisors canines
22. Problem 20 Man in the life cycle of Plasmodium is primary host secondary host intermediate host none of these
36. Problem 34 Cud chewing animals are known as frugivores sanguivores ruminant cannibals
37. Problem 35 Lungs are enclosed in pericardium peritonium pleural membrane none of these
38. Problem 36 Edible part of cauliflower is bud inflorescence flower fruit
39. Problem 37 Digestion of cellulose in rabbit takes place in caecum colon rectum ilium
40. Problem 38 Mark the odd one. monocytes lymphocyte neutrophils erythrocytes
41. Problem 39 In some plants anthers and stamen grow and mature at same time. This phenomenon is called homogamy syngamy allogamy fusion
42. Problem 40 Which of the following is not the locomotory organ of protozoa? cilia flagella parapodia pseudopodia
43. Problem 41 Canal system in porifera is not concerned with respiration nutrition sexual reproduction none of these
44. Problem 42 A cell when dipped in 0.5 M sucrose solution has no effect but when the same cell will be dipped in 0.5 M NaCl solution the cell will increase in size decrease in size will be turgid will get plasmolysed
46. Problem 44 Wilting in plant occurs due to blockage of xylem blockage of phloem both (a) and (b) increased transpiration
47. Problem 45 In meiosis the daughter cells are not similar to that of parent because of crossing over synapsis both (a) and (b) none of these
48. Problem 46 Fungal spores produced asexually at the top of hyphae are conidia oidia aplanospores sporangiophore
49. Problem 47 'Kwashiorkar' and 'beriberi' are communicable diseases infectious diseases deficiency diseases none of these
50. Problem 48 Pasteurization is heating of liquid at 65°C heating of liquid between 65° to 80°C followed by rapid cooling heating of solid at 65°C none of these
51. Problem 49 Sense of smell is perceived by pituitary hypothalamus olfactory lobe cerebrum
52. Problem 50 The adhesive pads (soft-pads) present in legs of cockroach are galea lacinea glossa planlulae