Like in other fields, in automotive fault diagnosis, humans were increasingly removed from the loop, and computers took over until we are now at the stage of on-board diagnosis (OBD). Sensors are attached to various components, such as a cooling system's thermostat, and a wire runs from that through a harness and to a terminal block, which, in turn, is plugged into a diagnostic machine outside the car.
Find out more about Automotive Diagnostic Systems here: http://bit.ly/automotive-diagnostics
This helps you to know the advance technology of automotive.
The Engine operations are managed and controlled electronics in terms of proper mixing controlling distribution and injecting or igniting of air and fuel mixture to achieve high performance, low emission intelligent engine.
OBD II (On-Board Diagnostics) stack, designed and developed by our expert automotive developers, is a set of embedded software services implemented in compliance with ISO 15031 standards for automotive.
KWP2000 versus UDS: Keyword Protocol 2000 and Unified Diagnostic Services are the two most mainstream symptomatic guidelines inside the car business. A true examination between the two guidelines - KWP 2000 and UDS, can be useful in distinguishing the perfect indicative administration for your car utilize case.
https://www.embitel.com/blog/embedded-blog/kwp-2000-and-uds-protocols-for-vehicle-diagnostics-an-analysis-and-comparison
Embedded systems, especially in-vehicle embedded systems, are ubiquitously related to our everyday life. The development of embedded systems greatly facilitates the comfort of people’s life, changes our view of things, and has a significant impact on society
This helps you to know the advance technology of automotive.
The Engine operations are managed and controlled electronics in terms of proper mixing controlling distribution and injecting or igniting of air and fuel mixture to achieve high performance, low emission intelligent engine.
OBD II (On-Board Diagnostics) stack, designed and developed by our expert automotive developers, is a set of embedded software services implemented in compliance with ISO 15031 standards for automotive.
KWP2000 versus UDS: Keyword Protocol 2000 and Unified Diagnostic Services are the two most mainstream symptomatic guidelines inside the car business. A true examination between the two guidelines - KWP 2000 and UDS, can be useful in distinguishing the perfect indicative administration for your car utilize case.
https://www.embitel.com/blog/embedded-blog/kwp-2000-and-uds-protocols-for-vehicle-diagnostics-an-analysis-and-comparison
Embedded systems, especially in-vehicle embedded systems, are ubiquitously related to our everyday life. The development of embedded systems greatly facilitates the comfort of people’s life, changes our view of things, and has a significant impact on society
Automotive Electronics In Automobile | Electronic control unitjignesh parmar
this presentation covers Automotive Electronics Management in Automobile Engineering
It Includes>>
ECU
SENSOR
ACTUAORS
Electronic control unit, a generic term for any embedded system that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a motor vehicle
Vehicle Identification and Classification SystemVishal Polley
The VICS system for identification and classification of moving vehicles on the road side from the videos is a great importance today. The main goal of our project is to implement an efficient method for recognizing vehicles in Indian conditions.
the recent trends in embedded systems in automobiles and also about the basic bus of communication have been given space, and for better understanding of BUS channel,i had compared BUS to MINIMILITIA , where we play it in a hotspot network (a channel of communication to communicate among diff palyers in the same game ) similar to a BUS
and at the end a fabulous drawing distinguishing about the present days automobiles
UDS Software Stack, designed and developed by our experienced automotive team, is a ready-to-deploy, stable and
pre-tested solution. UDS protocol stack has helped our
global customers to reduce ECU product development cost
and time.
The UDS protocol stack offers a set of APIs to facilitate communication between the low level software and the application software.
https://www.embitel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/UDS-fact-sheet_1.1.pdf
An autonomous vehicle is a kind of vehicle which can drive itself to the destination without any human
conduction. This is also known as driverless vehicle, self-driving vehicle or robot vehicle. Autonomous
vehicles require the combination of various sensors to detect their surroundings and interpret the
information to identify the appropriate navigation path and the obstacles in the way.
Modern vehicles provide some autonomous features like speed controls, emergency braking or keeping
the vehicle into the lane. Here, differences remain between a fully autonomous vehicle on one hand
and driver assistance technologies on the other hand.
Automotive Systems course (Module 10) - Active and Passive Safety Systems for...Mário Alves
This presentation browses the most relevant safety systems for road vehicles. It is organized according to the traditional classification of safety systems: active safety and passive safety. Active safety systems help preventing accidents, so they they control the dynamics of the vehicle. Passive safety systems help mitigating the consequences of accidents, thus they protect occupants and pedestrians upon a crash.
CAS is a system designed to help prevent rear‐end collisions with vehicles which are stationary or travelling in the same direction.
It uses visual and audio warnings to prompt the driver to take preventative action.
It also initiates braking if the driver fails to respond to the warnings.
There are generally two kinds of safety systems in automobiles:-
Passive safety – seatbelts, airbag system
Active safety – impact sensors, radar detection
CAS is a system designed to help prevent rear‐end collisions with vehicles which are stationary or travelling in the same direction. Several studies have shown that driver distraction or inattentiveness is a factor in the great majority of rear end accidents. The system is aimed at alerting the driver to an imminent rear end collision both at low speeds, typical of urban driving, and at higher speeds typical of rural roads and highways.
Abstract—Collision warning and collision avoidance systems are emerging automotive safety technologies that assist drivers in avoiding rear-end collisions. Their function is to allow the driver enough time to avoid the crash and yet avoid annoying the driver with alerts perceived as occurring too early or unnecessary. The purpose of this paper is to review various mechanisms under development or developed rear end collision avoidance of automobiles. Some of the reviewed work include an automatic braking system that safely stops an automobile while approaching an obstruction to avoid collision. Another separate but related system is to have a detection device, which alerts the driver in case the automobile veers off the road by crossing either the centre or side painted lines. The braking system senses an obstacle, calculates the relative distance and applies the variable brakes automatically to maintain a safe distance. Warning devices and sensor mechanisms used in obstacle avoidance systems are also reviewed. With the expansion in road network, motorization and urbanization in the country, the number of road accidents have surged. Road traffic injuries (RTIs) and fatalities have emerged as a major public health concern, with RTIs having become one of the leading causes of deaths, disabilities and hospitalizations which impose severe socio-economic costs across the world. Motor vehicle population has grown at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10 per cent 2000-2009, during fuelled by a rising tide of motorization. Concomitantly, traffic risk and exposure have grown. During the year 2010, there were around 5 lakh road accidents, which resulted in deaths of 134,513 people and injured more than 5 lakh persons in India. These numbers translate into 1 road accident every minute, and 1 road accident death every four minutes. The total number of accidents can be reduced through the safety systems installed in vehicles. However, it was found that many traditional safety measures are reducing their effectiveness.
AUTOSAR Migration would enable the Automotive Supplier to leverage following benefits of well-defined layered software architecture of AUTOSAR 4.0. Design and development of AUTOSAR MCAL components for migration to the new hardware platform
OBD II (On-Board Diagnostics) stack, designed and developed by our expert automotive developers, can be readily integrated with your diagnostic application for emissions control and monitoring of major engine components.
Check out the OBD solutions and services offered by Embitel Technologies, Bangalore, India
Automotive Electronics In Automobile | Electronic control unitjignesh parmar
this presentation covers Automotive Electronics Management in Automobile Engineering
It Includes>>
ECU
SENSOR
ACTUAORS
Electronic control unit, a generic term for any embedded system that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a motor vehicle
Vehicle Identification and Classification SystemVishal Polley
The VICS system for identification and classification of moving vehicles on the road side from the videos is a great importance today. The main goal of our project is to implement an efficient method for recognizing vehicles in Indian conditions.
the recent trends in embedded systems in automobiles and also about the basic bus of communication have been given space, and for better understanding of BUS channel,i had compared BUS to MINIMILITIA , where we play it in a hotspot network (a channel of communication to communicate among diff palyers in the same game ) similar to a BUS
and at the end a fabulous drawing distinguishing about the present days automobiles
UDS Software Stack, designed and developed by our experienced automotive team, is a ready-to-deploy, stable and
pre-tested solution. UDS protocol stack has helped our
global customers to reduce ECU product development cost
and time.
The UDS protocol stack offers a set of APIs to facilitate communication between the low level software and the application software.
https://www.embitel.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/UDS-fact-sheet_1.1.pdf
An autonomous vehicle is a kind of vehicle which can drive itself to the destination without any human
conduction. This is also known as driverless vehicle, self-driving vehicle or robot vehicle. Autonomous
vehicles require the combination of various sensors to detect their surroundings and interpret the
information to identify the appropriate navigation path and the obstacles in the way.
Modern vehicles provide some autonomous features like speed controls, emergency braking or keeping
the vehicle into the lane. Here, differences remain between a fully autonomous vehicle on one hand
and driver assistance technologies on the other hand.
Automotive Systems course (Module 10) - Active and Passive Safety Systems for...Mário Alves
This presentation browses the most relevant safety systems for road vehicles. It is organized according to the traditional classification of safety systems: active safety and passive safety. Active safety systems help preventing accidents, so they they control the dynamics of the vehicle. Passive safety systems help mitigating the consequences of accidents, thus they protect occupants and pedestrians upon a crash.
CAS is a system designed to help prevent rear‐end collisions with vehicles which are stationary or travelling in the same direction.
It uses visual and audio warnings to prompt the driver to take preventative action.
It also initiates braking if the driver fails to respond to the warnings.
There are generally two kinds of safety systems in automobiles:-
Passive safety – seatbelts, airbag system
Active safety – impact sensors, radar detection
CAS is a system designed to help prevent rear‐end collisions with vehicles which are stationary or travelling in the same direction. Several studies have shown that driver distraction or inattentiveness is a factor in the great majority of rear end accidents. The system is aimed at alerting the driver to an imminent rear end collision both at low speeds, typical of urban driving, and at higher speeds typical of rural roads and highways.
Abstract—Collision warning and collision avoidance systems are emerging automotive safety technologies that assist drivers in avoiding rear-end collisions. Their function is to allow the driver enough time to avoid the crash and yet avoid annoying the driver with alerts perceived as occurring too early or unnecessary. The purpose of this paper is to review various mechanisms under development or developed rear end collision avoidance of automobiles. Some of the reviewed work include an automatic braking system that safely stops an automobile while approaching an obstruction to avoid collision. Another separate but related system is to have a detection device, which alerts the driver in case the automobile veers off the road by crossing either the centre or side painted lines. The braking system senses an obstacle, calculates the relative distance and applies the variable brakes automatically to maintain a safe distance. Warning devices and sensor mechanisms used in obstacle avoidance systems are also reviewed. With the expansion in road network, motorization and urbanization in the country, the number of road accidents have surged. Road traffic injuries (RTIs) and fatalities have emerged as a major public health concern, with RTIs having become one of the leading causes of deaths, disabilities and hospitalizations which impose severe socio-economic costs across the world. Motor vehicle population has grown at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10 per cent 2000-2009, during fuelled by a rising tide of motorization. Concomitantly, traffic risk and exposure have grown. During the year 2010, there were around 5 lakh road accidents, which resulted in deaths of 134,513 people and injured more than 5 lakh persons in India. These numbers translate into 1 road accident every minute, and 1 road accident death every four minutes. The total number of accidents can be reduced through the safety systems installed in vehicles. However, it was found that many traditional safety measures are reducing their effectiveness.
AUTOSAR Migration would enable the Automotive Supplier to leverage following benefits of well-defined layered software architecture of AUTOSAR 4.0. Design and development of AUTOSAR MCAL components for migration to the new hardware platform
OBD II (On-Board Diagnostics) stack, designed and developed by our expert automotive developers, can be readily integrated with your diagnostic application for emissions control and monitoring of major engine components.
Check out the OBD solutions and services offered by Embitel Technologies, Bangalore, India
This presentation looks at the OBD technology, what is designed for, how it works and how it can be used.
The slides are a very dense summary of the benefits and issues related to OBD dongles in the UBI sector.
The author is Matt Noel, senior consultant at PTOLEMUS
OBD II (On-Board Diagnostics) stack, designed and developed by our expert automotive developers, is a set of embedded software services implemented in compliance with ISO 15031 standards for automotive.
How to use V-Scan VAG+CAN OBDII V802 Professional Car Diagnostic ToolBuyobdtoolShop
V-Scan VAG+CAN OBDII V802 Professional Car Diagnostic Tool with Colorful LCD Display
http://www.buyobdtoolshop.com/wholesale/v-scan-vag-can-obdii-v802.html
1.4D pincode explanation function.
2.Support on copying these transponder: 13,33,T5,40,41,42,44,45 and 4C.
3.Can write and unlock for the special transponders:
1) Change the pincode for Kia and Hyundai.
2) Unlock the ID 48 Transponder, ID 33 for Renault, ID 46 for Renault, ID 41 for Nissan and ID 42 for VW.
4.Can use to program the EEPROM on the ECU.
1)Get rid of removing the proceture for reading pincode and reset the ecu.
2)With ECU picture and EEPROM code explanation.
5.AD900 come with the Hitag 2 function.
http://www.obd2works.com/ad900-pro-key-programmer-version-221-with-4d-function-p-100.html
What is OBD@ Software? OBD II stack is an arrangement of programming particulars or administrations actualized in view of ISO 15031 standard.On Board Diagnostic: OBD2 programming stack arrangements created by our car programming developers,i
https://www.embitel.com/obd-ii-stack-services
Unlike other industries, detailed discussions about functional safety in the automotive industry only began a few years ago. One of the reasons was that there was a prevailing view that the risks posed as a result of mechanical failures are still within the control of the driver.
You can also find interesting articles here: http://bit.ly/steering-articles
Join us at the Wind Turbine Towers Conference to stay competitive by learning advanced #tower concepts and by getting a global perspective of the wind energy sector! Taking place between 27 – 29 August 2019, at Swissôtel in Bremen, Germany. Bitly: http://bit.ly/SS_Wind_Turbine_Towers_Agenda
Be there at the ISO26262 Conference on the 25-28 March 2019 at the Holiday Inn, Munich City Center, Germany. Confirmed speakers from Delphi Technologies, Toyota Research Institute, Texas Instruments. Read the details here: http://bit.ly/2Esno5h
Would you like to know how SOTIF addresses possible hazards caused by intended behavior? Discuss the first draft of the SOTIF standard with international working group members and functional safety experts during the SOTIF Conference. Find out more here: http://bit.ly/SOTIF_Agenda_2019
Daimler, Audi, and Volvo, at Advanced E-Motor - Advanced E-Motor Technology C...Torben Haagh
Preview of the 7th E-Motor Conference 2019 Agenda, taking place at the Hotel Palace Berlin. Get the full Agenda here: http://bit.ly/E-Motor_Agenda_2019
Volkswagen, Ford, and PSA Group - Intelligent Automotive Lighting Agenda 2019Torben Haagh
Have a glimpse of the next years Intelligent Automotive Lighting Conference. Join us on the 20-22 February 2019 at the Hilton Hotel, Mainz. Download the full Agenda here: http://bit.ly/Automotive_Lighting_Agenda_2019
14th International Conference Innovative Seating 2019Torben Haagh
Get an idea of this year's Innovative Seating Conference topic areas. Download the entire Agenda here and join us at the Conference on 18 - 21 February in Düsseldorf. http://bit.ly/InnovativeSeating2019-Agenda
Agenda - Airport Operational Excellence and Automation 2019, Frankfurt Am Ma...Torben Haagh
Have a sneak peak of the latest agenda, with confirmed speakers from Lufthansa, German Aerospace Center, and Athens International Airport. Download the full agenda for free here:
http://bit.ly/Airport_Excellence_Agenda_2019
Agenda: Interior Cabin Innovation for Automated Vehicles 2019Torben Haagh
Learn about the confirmed speakers from BMW, Bentley Motors, PSA Peaugot Citroën, Fiat and Volvo and the interesting topic areas they will talk about. Meet them at the Interior Cabin Innovation Conference in January 2019 in Berlin. http://bit.ly/Interior_Cabins_Agenda2019
First and only technology cutting-edge event in Europe bringing you real cognitive automation use cases from end-users, 12 – 14 March 2019 in Berlin, Germany
Join the event and learn:
• how to deal with unstructured data for better predictive analytics and forecasting
• how to set up an AI or machine learning department with fast results and roll out into the rest of the organization
• how to guarantee Data Readiness, Data Creation and Normalisation
• how to leverage Tensorflow, Keras, Neural Network, Deep learning, and Dataset, for your business success
Meat AI & intelligent robotics experts from YES BANK, UBS, Xing, Alibaba, idealo internet, DHL, Turkcell, Solvay, Unicredit, ieso digital health, Zurich Group, Magic Unicorn Inc., Unbabel, and many more top companies at the Cognitive Automation Conference between 12 - 14 March in Berlin, Germany.
Download the FULL AGENDA to see the entire speaker list, round table sessions, focused workshops and at the following link: http://bit.ly/CognitiveAutomation2019FullAgenda
Präsentation zu Roll-Out Messsysteme Infrastruktur bei EnBWTorben Haagh
In der Präsentation von Herrn Albertsmeyer, Teilprojektleiter ROMI (Roll-Out Messsysteme Infrastruktur) bei Netze BW/EnBW, erfahren Sie, wie der Aufbau der Messsystem-Infrastruktur gelingt. Hier finden Sie die gesamte Präsentation: http://bit.ly/2mGnwDt
Is there potential for robotics in finance and accounting?Torben Haagh
In the presentation, you read about "Robotics in Finance" by Mr. Rode, Project Manager at Allianz. Here you can find the full presentation: http://bit.ly/2DdaNPQ
In der Präsentation des Director General Statistics bei der EZB, lesen Sie mehr über den langfristigen strategischen Ansatz des ESZB bei der Erhebung von Bankdaten. Hier finden Sie die gesamte Präsentation: http://bit.ly/2DkRxnP
Expert interview with Nexans - the 66kV cabling technologyTorben Haagh
Stefaan Mensaert, Product Line Manager Renewables at Nexans gave us the opportunity to talk to him about 66 kV cables, junction boxes and connectors. As an experienced cable manufacturer, he gave us some answers to the following topics:
- Major challenges to overcome in order to deliver 66 kV XLPE insulated submarine cable and the accessories, junction boxes and connectors
- What kind of tests they executed to ensure quality and high performance of 66 kV cabling technology
- Nexans and the Blyth project in the UK
- Future for offshore wind energy 66 kV inter-array cabling
http://bit.ly/2fLLn2c
ENERCON - Energy System Change: Era of Feed-in Tariffs is coming to an endTorben Haagh
Andreas Linder, Grid Integration & SCADA Sales by Enercon gave a presentation about system services by wind energy on last years Digital Data Integration and Management conference.
Have a look at the presentation to get an overview of the following:
- System Change: Status Quo Regulation & projects, examples and rolemodels
- The Energy System: Centralised versus decentralised
- Differentiation minimum requirements versus Services for the Grid
- Control reserve by wind - why not? Status quo - TSOs, IT-Requirements, Regulator
- Advantages and challenges
http://bit.ly/2wDLMe4
Innovative Ansätze im Mahn- und Inkassoprozess - Kundenorientiertes Mahnen in...Torben Haagh
Ralph Rochau, Experte Forderungsmanagement bei der BKW Energie AG gibt Einblicke in drei große Bereiche für innovative Ansätze im Bereich Forderungsmanagement:
- Mahnstrategie/Mahnverfahren
- Kommunikation und Kundenorientierung
- Infrastruktur
Für die komplette Präsentation inklusive der Potenziale und Stolpersteine der einzelnen Bereiche, klicken Sie hier:
http://bit.ly/2qiWLIK
Effizienter mit Kooperationen bei Integra-PartnernTorben Haagh
N-Ergie, enercity & Mainova haben das Projekt „IT-Servicemanagement“ (ITSM) partnerschaftlich umgesetzt - dieses beschreiben und analysieren Frau Dr. Ernst und Herr Lübcke in einer Präsentation, die Sie hier kostenlos herunterladen: http://bit.ly/2n3tIFE
Automotive Diagnostic Systems - From OBD to Open Diagnostics Exchange format
1. Advanced automotive diagnostic systems
From OBD to Open Diagnostics Exchange format (ODX) and limits and potentials of
standardization processes
Before getting to ODX, itself, we need a quick review of OBD. Electronic ignitions and fuel
injection systems were the first major steps in getting away from mechanical fuel delivery and
ignition. Being able to control the volume of fuel and sparking it at the right time are critical
in controlling emissions, as well as making the vehicle more fuel efficient. Miniaturization and
developments in computer technology enabled a closer control over that efficiency, and, along
with it, the monitoring of contaminants.
All the while the technology was unfolding it was realized that not only that it was beneficial
but that it needed standardization. The diagnostic codes needed to be read in a manner
better than specialized machines. A brief word is needed about standardization processes.
They do not often occur in a convivial environment, as there are many competing commercial
interests. Many times, a corporation will invest millions of dollars in developing a product,
hoping that others will follow suit. There is a catch, however, if people can become dependent
upon the way that product acts, then, the developers stand potentially to gain enormously
from patent rights. A classic case of dependency was with the fiber optic FC (“ferrule
connector”). During the early 1990s, there were many fights in the Electronic Industries
Association and Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers standards committees among
fiber optic cable developers about which standard was to prevail. It would be more convenient
for everyone to follow, but more important, if everyone had to use company X's product
because it was the standard, then that dependency would be established. The same is true for
automotive diagnostic equipment being standardized. Major corporations will send
representatives to these standardization committees to thrash out the issues and present
their arguments. While not the usual decorum, physical fights have been known to break out
at these standardization meetings.
In 1988 the Society of Automotive Engineers argued for a uniform diagnostic connector and
standardized test signals. After it became apparent that the original OBD was not going to be
very useful for universal use or for governments to incorporate into air quality legislation
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IQPC GmbH | Friedrichstr. 94 | D-10117 Berlin, Germany
t: +49 (0) 30 2091 3330 | f: +49 (0) 30 2091 3263 | e: eq@iqpc.de | w: www.iqpc.de
Visit IQPC for a portfolio of topic-related events, congresses, seminars and conferences: www.iqpc.de
2. pertaining to automobiles, it was realized that further work was needed. Hence, came the
OBD-II development.
Yet, there still exist many problems in standardization. For example, automobile
manufacturers use five basic OBD-II protocols:
• J1850 PWM
• J1850 VPW
• ISO9141
• ISO14230 (also known as Keyword Protocol 2000)
• CAN (ISO15765/SAEJ2480)
[9]
Chrysler, as well as every European manufacturer and the majority of the Asian
manufacturers use ISO 9141 circuitry. GM uses SAE variable pulse width modulation (VPM)
patterns, while Ford uses SAE J1850 pulse width modulation (PWM) patterns. These three
communicate with the standard 16-pin, J1962 connector, but there are different protocols.
One can differentiate between the pin usage by inspection. Systems using the ISO 9141
protocol locate a pin in position number 7 and a pin in either position number 2 or 10
position. SAE protocol-based systems do not have pins with connections in position number 7.
There are systems called 'OBD-II' that are compliant with laws and goes by the name of
“European OBD (EOBD). There also is the Japanese variety, called ‘JOBD’ [10].
Specifically standard to the OBD-II are:
• Type of connectors and number of pins – 16
• Signaling protocols that can be used – limited to the five
• Format of messages
• A list of what is to be monitored
• Methods for data coding
• Power pin that can connect to the car battery
• List of diagnostic trouble codes (DTC).
[11]
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IQPC GmbH | Friedrichstr. 94 | D-10117 Berlin, Germany
t: +49 (0) 30 2091 3330 | f: +49 (0) 30 2091 3263 | e: eq@iqpc.de | w: www.iqpc.de
Visit IQPC for a portfolio of topic-related events, congresses, seminars and conferences: www.iqpc.de
3. Based on all this ODX was able to be created. As indicated by its name, “Open Diagnostics
Exchange format”, or ODX, the industry was moving towards a uniform way of OBD. The
Association for Standardization of Automation and Measuring Systems [12] is responsible for
the ODX. ASAM was initiated by German car manufacturers and, in its own words, “...provides
standards for data models, interfaces and syntax specifications for a variety of applications,
such as testing, evaluation and simulation.” Actually, ODX is a “market name”, the actual
name being “Data Model for ECU [electronic control unit] Diagnostics (also: Open Diagnostic
Data Exchange Format) V2.2.0 18 May 2008 [13].” Since 1998, numerous automobile
manufacturers from all around the world have joined, and jointly, they create standards for
International Organization for Standards (ISO) approval [14]. The ODX, created in 2002,
went numerous revisions, and is stable enough for use. There were 25 core members, 19
companies, and three countries that formed the standard [A report by the ODX ISO project
leader, A. Schleicher is available on-line [15]. As specified by the ISO website:
The ODX specification contains the data model to describe all diagnostic data of a vehicle and
physical ECU, e.g. diagnostic trouble codes, data parameters, identification data, input/output
parameters, ECU configuration (variant coding) data and communication parameters. ODX is
described in Unified Modelling Language (UML) diagrams and the data exchange format uses
Extensible Mark-up Language (XML).
The ODX modelled diagnostic data describe:
• protocol specification for diagnostic communication of ECUs;
• communication parameters for different protocols and data link layers and for ECU
software;
• ECU programming data (Flash);
• related vehicle interface description (connectors and pinout);
• functional description of diagnostic capabilities of a network of ECUs;
• ECU configuration data (variant coding).
The purpose of ISO 22901-1:2008 is to ensure that diagnostic data from any vehicle
manufacturer is independent of the testing hardware and protocol software supplied by any
test equipment manufacturer.
[16]
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IQPC GmbH | Friedrichstr. 94 | D-10117 Berlin, Germany
t: +49 (0) 30 2091 3330 | f: +49 (0) 30 2091 3263 | e: eq@iqpc.de | w: www.iqpc.de
Visit IQPC for a portfolio of topic-related events, congresses, seminars and conferences: www.iqpc.de
4. Diagnostic tools and equipment
While computerized automotive diagnosis was reserved initially for dealerships, not much
time had elapsed until after market devices started appearing in auto parts stores. One can
buy hand held devices that plug into the wiring harness of a car and determine what is wrong
by reading diagnostic codes. However, these are not as complete as those devices available
to dealership service technicians. At the dealerships, however, the devices are more
complicated and give readouts that correspond to specifications described in automotive
service manuals. Components other than the power train are diagnosed, such as airbags and
brakes. Cars can be diagnosed while running, and some of the equipment includes display
screens that give graphical representations of what is happening.
The OBD-II standard requires a 16 pin female connector in the car that has the following
configuration:
1. Manufacturer discretion. GM: J2411 9. -
GMLAN/SWC/Single-Wire CAN.
2. Bus positive Line of SAE-J1850 PWM 10. Bus negative Line of SAE-J1850 PWM
and SAE-1850 VPW only (not SAE-1850 VPW)
3. Ford DCL(+) Argentina, Brazil (pre 11. Ford DCL(-) Argentina, Brazil (pre
OBD-II) 1997-2000, USA, Europe, etc. OBD-II) 1997-2000, USA, Europe, etc.
Chrysler CCD Bus(+) Chrysler CCD Bus(-)
4. Chassis ground 12. -
5. Signal ground 13. -
6. CAN high (ISO 15765-4 and SAE- 14. CAN low (ISO 15765-4 and SAE-
J2284) J2284)
7. K line of ISO 9141-2 and ISO 14230- 15. L line of ISO 9141-2 and ISO 14230-
4 4
8. - 16. Battery voltage
[17]
The nonstandard part is the allowance of the manufacturer to assign unspecified pins.
The next logical step in complexity is an actual computer – desktop or laptop. These
computers can accommodate any diagnostic setup with any of the OBD-II protocols. As can
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IQPC GmbH | Friedrichstr. 94 | D-10117 Berlin, Germany
t: +49 (0) 30 2091 3330 | f: +49 (0) 30 2091 3263 | e: eq@iqpc.de | w: www.iqpc.de
Visit IQPC for a portfolio of topic-related events, congresses, seminars and conferences: www.iqpc.de
5. be expected, there is a greater depth of computation and analysis, along with higher screen
resolution, and storage capacity to contain data on individual vehicles either for future
retrieval or cross-vehicle analysis. Software varies, of course, but if one can imagine that
something should be done with respect to OBD, in all probability, the application exists. From
this level of computerization of OBD there emerged the XML-based data description format,
the extensible markup language format, based on the hypertext markup language (HTML
code used for web page development. With this format anyone, especially vehicle
manufactures and their suppliers, can store and keep current data of the vehicle life cycle,
including design, manufacturer, and maintenance data, in a standardized way.
Both with hand-held and computer-based automotive diagnosis, those responsible for
monitoring and enforcing vehicle emissions and safety standards can keep better track of
various systems. So often in the past, the old methods of visual inspection and subjectivity in
reading gauges and meters cannot keep pace with a technology demanding precise tolerances
in measurements. Just a two percent variance on a sensor can mean the difference between
whether the car operates within an acceptable limit or not. Not only for the automotive
diagnostician but for the motorist various OBD-type devices are installed to warn the car
owner of impending difficulties, with the idea that prevention of a problem is much simpler
than repair. Sensor warning lights that give notice about problems concerning air bags,
brakes or engine (such as “Check Engine” on the Chevrolet Cavalier) are a part of the chain of
technology enabling accurate automotive diagnosis.
Over the years, the value of flight data recorders has been realized. Knowing what brought
down an airliner proves valuable in designing safer planes and improving how they are flown.
The same applies to automobiles, and some insurance companies are giving discounts for the
installation of a data recorder in automobiles. By monitoring the driver's behavior, it is
thought that the safer drivers would pay a lower premium. The same system is being
instituted for fleet drivers, as well [18].
Want to learn more about current technologies
and developments in advanced automotive diagnostic systems?
Visit our Download Centre for more articles, whitepapers and interviews:
http://bit.ly/automotive-diagnostics
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6. References
[1] VAD - http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/Vehicle+Automated+Diagnostic+System
[2] http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=930966
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics#cite_note-3 - 1994 Corvette Service
Manual, Book 2. General Motors Corporation. December 1993. pp. 6E3–A-166: 6E3–A-223.
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics#EOBD
[5] CCR Title 13 Section 1968.1 and 40 CFR Part 86 Section 86.094
[6] European emission standards Directive 98/69/EC - http://eur-
lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1998L0069:19981228:EN:PDF
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics#cite_note-2
[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics
[9] http://www.obd-codes.com/faq/obd-ii-protocols.php
[10] http://www.cvel.clemson.edu/auto/systems/OBD.html
[11] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics#EOBD
[12] ASAM - http://www.asam.net/home/
[13] http://www.asam.net/home/standards/?no_cache=1&pointer=3
[14]
http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=41207
[15] https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.testing-
expo.com/europe/07txeu_conf/pres/day_2/day_2_3.pdf&embedded=true&chrome=true.
[16]
http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=41207
[17] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics#EOBD
[18] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics#cite_note-3
[19] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_12207
[20] http://www.chinavasion.es/wifi-obdii-diagnostics-tool-apple-ipad-iphone-ipod-touc-p-
1757.html
[21]
https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.elmelectronics.com/DSheets/ELM322DS.pdf
&embedded=true&chrome=true
[22] http://www.kwp2000.info/supported_cars
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IQPC GmbH | Friedrichstr. 94 | D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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7. [23] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controller_area_network,
https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/sloa101a/sloa101a.pdf&embed
ded=true&chrome=true, http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/2732
Further Reading
http://www.google.com.mx/search?q=OBD&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-
US:official&client=firefox-a
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/ODX
http://www.cvel.clemson.edu/auto/systems/OBD.html
https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.vector.com/portal/medien/cmc/press/PDG/O
DX_HanserAutomotive_200612_PressArticle_EN.pdf&embedded=true&chrome=true
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_emission_standards
http://www.testing-expo.com/europe/07txeu_conf/pres/day_2/day_2_3.pdf
https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.vector.com/portal/medien/cmc/press/PDG/O
DX_HanserAutomotive_200612_PressArticle_EN.pdf&embedded=true&chrome=true
https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.autoshop101.com/forms/h46.pdf&embedded
=true&chrome=true
http://www.epa.gov/obd/questions.htm
http://www.epa.gov/obd/regtech/heavy.htm – OBD not yet required for heavy duty vehicles.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics
http://www.iqpc.com/Event.aspx?id=475354
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IQPC GmbH | Friedrichstr. 94 | D-10117 Berlin, Germany
t: +49 (0) 30 2091 3330 | f: +49 (0) 30 2091 3263 | e: eq@iqpc.de | w: www.iqpc.de
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8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics#EOBD
http://www.epathchina.com/citroen-and-peugeot-on-board-diagnostic-system-p-51.html
In the U.S. various states have requirements, California being the traditional leader, here.
e.g.: http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/obdprog/obdprog.htm,
http://www.deq.virginia.gov/mobile/mobobd.html,
https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.anr.state.vt.us/air/airtoxics/docs/onboarddia
gnosticspamphlet.pdf&embedded=true&chrome=true,
http://www.tn.gov/environment/apc/vehicle/obd.shtml
https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.elmelectronics.com/DSheets/ELM322DS.pdf
&embedded=true&chrome=true
http://www.obd-codes.com/faq/obd-ii-protocols.php
http://www.permoveo.ltd.uk/TechnicalResources/EOBDOBD2Whatsthedifference.aspx
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IQPC GmbH | Friedrichstr. 94 | D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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9. Appendix – Automotive diagnostic standards documents
SAE standards documents on OBD-II
• J1962 - Defines the physical connector used for the OBD-II interface.
• J1850 - Defines a serial data protocol. There are 2 variants- 10.4 kbit/s (single wire,
VPW) and 41.6 kbit/s (2 wire, PWM). Mainly used by US manufacturers, also known as
PCI (Chrysler, 10.4K), Class 2 (GM, 10.4K), and SCP (Ford, 41.6K)
• J1978 - Defines minimal operating standards for OBD-II scan tools
• J1979 - Defines standards for diagnostic test modes
• J2012 - Defines standards trouble codes and definitions.
• J2178-1 - Defines standards for network message header formats and physical address
assignments
• J2178-2 - Gives data parameter definitions
• J2178-3 - Defines standards for network message frame IDs for single byte headers
• J2178-4 - Defines standards for network messages with three byte headers*
• J2284-3 - Defines 500K CAN Physical and Data Link Layer
• J2411 - Describes the GMLAN (Single-Wire CAN) protocol, used in newer GM vehicles.
Often accessible on the OBD connector as PIN 1 on newer GM vehicles.
SAE standards documents on HD (Heavy Duty) OBD
• J1939 - Defines a data protocol for heavy duty commercial vehicles
ISO standards
• ISO 9141: Road vehicles — Diagnostic systems. International Organization for
Standardization, 1989.
• Part 1: Requirements for interchange of digital information
• Part 2: CARB requirements for interchange of digital information
• Part 3: Verification of the communication between vehicle and OBD II scan tool
• ISO 11898: Road vehicles — Controller area network (CAN). International Organization
for Standardization, 2003.
• Part 1: Data link layer and physical signalling
• Part 2: High-speed medium access unit
• Part 3: Low-speed, fault-tolerant, medium-dependent interface
• Part 4: Time-triggered communication
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IQPC GmbH | Friedrichstr. 94 | D-10117 Berlin, Germany
t: +49 (0) 30 2091 3330 | f: +49 (0) 30 2091 3263 | e: eq@iqpc.de | w: www.iqpc.de
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10. • ISO 14230: Road vehicles — Diagnostic systems — Keyword Protocol 2000, International
Organization for Standardization, 1999.
• Part 1: Physical layer
• Part 2: Data link layer
• Part 3: Application layer
• Part 4: Requirements for emission-related systems
• ISO 15765: Road vehicles — Diagnostics on Controller Area Networks (CAN).
International Organization for Standardization, 2004.
• Part 1: General information
• Part 2: Network layer services ISO 15765-2
• Part 3: Implementation of unified diagnostic services (UDS on CAN)
• Part 4: Requirements for emissions-related systems
Taken directly from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On-board_diagnostics#cite_note-3
This does not include the current ODX standard ISO 22901-1:2008.
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