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The document provides examples of irregular verbs in English and their past tense forms, as well as examples of different types of sentences: - It lists many common irregular verbs and their past tense forms to illustrate how the form changes between the base and past tense (e.g. bake - baked, catch - caught). - Examples are given of simple sentences containing subjects and verbs. - Compound sentences joining two independent clauses with coordinating conjunctions like "and" are shown. - Complex sentences containing both independent and dependent clauses are defined, and examples provided of dependent clauses preceding and following independent clauses. - Periodic sentences beginning with dependent clauses are noted as being effective for building up to the
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- 1. Add - added Afford - afforded Attach - attached Battle - battled Bake - baked Blush - blushed Bounce - bounced Call - called Cough - coughed Camp - camped Care - cared Delay - delayed Delight - delighted Develop - developed Dust - dusted Earn - earned Etch - etched Face - faced Fence - fenced Fire - fired Gather - gathered Grab - grabbed Handle - handled Harm - harmed Hug - hugged Ice - iced Infer - inferred Kick - kicked Knit - knitted Laugh - laughed Lob - lobbed Manage - managed March - marched Measure - measured Nest - nested Notice - noticed Plan - planned Plant - planted Polished - polished Quicken - quickened Race - raced Radiate - radiated Scratch - scratched Spoil - spoiled Subtract - subtracted Squeeze - squeezed Talk - talked Tug - tugged
- 2. Undress - undressed Use - used Visit - visited Vary - varied Work - worked Walk - walked Yawn - yawned Yell - yelled Zip - zipped Zoom – zoomed Arise - arose Awake - awoke Be -was/were Bear - bore Beat - beat Become - became Begin - began Bleed - bled Blow - blew Breed - bred Build - built Buy - bought Choose - chose Come - came Dare - dared Do - did Draw - drew Drink - drank Eat - ate Fall - fell Fly - flew Forgive - forgave Freeze - froze Get - got Give - gave Go - went Grind - ground Have- had Hold - held Inlay - inlaid Keep - kept Know - knew Lay - laid Lead - led Lend - lent Lie - lay
- 3. Light - lit Mean - meant Meet - met Ride - rode Ring - rang Rise - rose See - saw Shake - shook Show - showed Sing - sang Sink - sank Speak - spoke Spring - sprang Stink - stank String - strung Swear - swore Swim - swam Take - took Teach - taught Think - thought Win - won Write – wrote Here are a few examples of irregular verbs that do not change form for their past forms: Bet Bid Burst Cost Cut Hit Hurt Let Put Quit Read Set Shed Shut Split Spread Thrust Upset My previous jobs include:
- 4. assistant to a city mayor director of a non-profit organization board member of SPARTA Chicago Manual of Style - does not capitalize the initial word or use punctuation in short phrases. My previous jobs include: Assistant to a city mayor Director of a non-profit organization Board member of a disaster relief program Optionally capitalize short (word, phrase) list items. My previous jobs include: Joe waited for the train. "Joe" = subject, "waited" = verb The train was late. "The train" = subject, "was" = verb Mary and Samantha took the bus. "Mary and Samantha" = compound subject, "took" = verb I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station. "I" = subject, "looked" = verb Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived. "Mary and Samantha" = compound subject, "arrived" and "left" = compound verb Examples of compound sentences include the following: Joe waited for the train, but the train was late. I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station, but they arrived at the station before noon and left on the bus before I arrived. Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, and they left on the bus before I arrived. Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them at the bus station. complex sentence joins an independent clause with one or more dependent clauses. The dependent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by the independent clause, as in the following: Tip: When the dependent clause comes first, a comma should be used to separate the two clauses.
- 5. Because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, I did not see them at the station. While he waited at the train station, Joe realized that the train was late. After they left on the bus, Mary and Samantha realized that Joe was waiting at the train station. Conversely, the independent clauses can go first in the sentence, followed by the dependent clause, as in the following: Tip: When the independent clause comes first, a comma should not be used to separate the two clauses. I did not see them at the station because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon. Joe realized that the train was late while he waited at the train station. Mary and Samantha realized that Joe was waiting at the train station after they left on the bus. Complex sentences are often more effective than compound sentences because a complex sentence indicates clearer and more specific relationships between the main parts of the sentence. The word "before," for instance, tells readers that one thing occurs before another. A word such as "although" conveys a more complex relationship than a word such as "and" conveys. The term periodic sentence is used to refer to a complex sentence beginning with a dependent clause and ending with an independent clause, as in "While he waited at the train station, Joe realized that the train was late." Periodic sentences can be especially effective because the completed thought occurs at the end of it, so the first part of the sentence can build up to the meaning that comes at the end. Beginning Sentences with "And" or "Because" Should you begin a sentence with "and" or "but" (or one of the other coordinating conjunctions)? The short answer is "no." You should avoid beginning a sentence with "and," "or," "but," or the other coordinating conjunctions. These words generally are used to join together parts of a sentence, not to begin a new sentence. However, such sentences can be used effectively. Because sentences beginning with these words stand out, they are sometimes used for emphasis. If you use sentences beginning with one of the coordinating conjunctions, you should use these sentences sparingly and carefully. Should you begin a sentence with "because"? There is nothing wrong with beginning a sentence with "because." Perhaps some students are told not to begin a sentence with "because" to avoid sentence fragments (something like "Because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon" is a sentence fragment), but it is perfectly acceptable to begin a sentence with "because" as long as the sentence is complete (as in "Because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, I did not see them at the station.") I have walked two miles already [but I'm still walking]. I have run the Boston Marathon [but that was some time ago]. The critics have praised the film Saving Private Ryan since it came out [and they continue to do so].
- 6. Yellow Level Quiz #10 - past perfect tense (ANSWERS) Part A. Directions: Complete each sentence or question with the past perfect tense. Some sentences are negative. (10 points) 1. Before she became a professional photographer, she had attended college for four years. (attend) 2. After the game had finally ended, everyone went home. (end) 3. The teacher told us that he had given out only two A's to his students this quarter. (give) 4. She had previously been an office manger before she became a police officer. (be) 5. What did they say they had done with their old car? (do) 6. When I talked with the salesperson, he said that he hadn't had time to place my order. (had -- negative) 7. The rocket exploded in mid-air after it had left the launch pad. (leave) 8. They were sure that they hadn't made the wrong decision to move. (make -- negative) 9. If she hadn't lost all that weight, she definitely would have died. (lose -- negative) 10. We asked our accountant if he had finished doing our taxes. (finish)