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Acute gastroenteritis case presentation
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- 2. INTRODUCTION Acute gastro enteritisis an infection or inflammation of digestive tract,particularly the stomach and intestine It is frequently referred to as the stomach flu or intestinal flu. Gastroenteritis is also known as infectious diarrhoea Symptoms may include diarrhoea,vomiting,abdominal pain,fever,dehydration.
- 3. ETIOLOGY Gastroenteritis is usuallycaused by virus,however gut bacteria,parasites,fungi can also cause gastro enteritis. In children ,Rota virus is the most common cause of severe disease. Eating improperly prepared food,drinking contaminated water or close contact with infected person can spread the disease.
- 4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Vomiting or diarrhoeaoccurs due to inflammation of small or large bowel,often due to infection. The changes in the small bowel are typically non inflammatory,while the ones in large bowel are inflammatory. A no. of parasites can cause gastroenteritis.
- 5. SYMPTOMS Bloating Loss of appetite Nauseaand vomiting Diarrhoea Abdominal pain Bloody stools Lethargy
- 6. DIAGNOSIS Diagnostic methods mayinclude: medical history physical examination blood tests stool tests
- 7. TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT Treatmentdepends on cause but, may include: Plenty of fluids and right diet Oral rehydration drinks. Admission to hospital and intravenous fluid replacement in severe cases. Antibiotics,if bacteria are cause.
- 8. PREVENTION Wash your handsthoroughly with soap and water before eating food. Make sure foods are thoroughly cooked. Avoid uncooked foods Drink boiled water.
- 9. CASE PRESENTATION ON ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS
- 10. SUBJECTIVE CHIEF COMPLAINTS: A 37year old male patient was admitted to hospital with chief complaints of vomitings,diarrhoea,abdominal pain. PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: HTN since 2 yrs.
- 11. OBJECTIVE SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION: CVS :S1S2+ GRBS:107Mg/dl PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Temperature:NORMAL HR : 88/MIN RR :22/MIN BP :120/70MMHG Spo2: 97%
- 12. LAB INVESTIGATIONS Parameters Patientrange Normal value Units Hb 15.3 14 -18 gram/dl WBC 5000 4500 - 11000 cell/l S.cr 1.0 0.74-1.35 mg/dl Na 136 135-145 mmol/l K 3.3 3.6-5.2 mmol/l urea 15 5-20 mg/dl
- 13. ASSESSMENT • DAY-1 Pt :C/C Temp : afebrile BP : 130/80 mmhg SPO2 : 98% P/A : soft • MEDICATIONS Inj.pantop 40mg IV BID Inj.zofer 40mg IV BID Inj.ornidazole 100ml IV BID Inj.oflox 100ml IV BID Cap.radotil 100mg P/O TID Cap.rifagut 400ml P/O BID
- 14. • DAY-2 Pt :C/C Temp: afebrile BP : 130/90 mmhg PR : 80/min SPO2 : 98% P/A :soft • MEDICATIONS Inj.pantop 40mg IV BID Inj.zofer 40mg IV BID Inj.ornidazole 100ml IV BID Inj. Oflox 100ml IV TID Cap. Radotil 100mg P/O TID
- 15. • DAY- 3 Pt: C/C Temp : afebrile BP : 120/70mmhg PR : 80/min SPO2 : 98% P/A :soft • MEDICATIONS Inj.ornidazole 100ml IV BID Inj.oflox 200ml IV BID Inj.PAN 40mg IV BID Tab.rifagut 40mg P/O BID IVF.Katrilyte 100ml/hr
- 16. • DAY-4 Pt :C/ C Temp : afebrile BP : 100/70mmhg PR : 78/min SPO2 : 97% CVS : S1S2+ P/A : Soft • MEDICATIONS CST
- 17. • DAY-5 Pt :C/C Temp : afebrile BP :100/70mmhg PR : 78/min SPO2 : 97% CVS :S1S2+ P/A : Soft • MEDICATIONS CST monitor vitals plan for discharge
- 18. DRUG CHART Brand nameGeneric name category MOA Dose Frequency Route Use Inj.pantop pantoprazole PPI Blocks h+k+/ATP pump 40mg BID IV Prevents acid secretion Inj.zofer Ondansetron antiemetic Inhibit 5HT3 Receptor 40mg BID IV Prevent nausea and vomiting Inj.ornidazole ornidazole Anti- amoebic Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis 100ml TID IV Treat intestinal infections Inj.oflox ofloxacin fluoroquin olones Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase 100ml BID IV Treat bacterial infections Cap.redotil Racecadotril Anti- diarrhoeal Reduce secretion from intestine 100mg TID ORAL Treat diarrhoea
- 19. DISCHARGE MEDICATIONS: 1) Tab.zenflox-OZBID - 3days 2) Tab.Pan 40mg OD - 10days 3) Tab.VSL-3 BID - 5days 4) Tab.mvt OD - 10 days
- 20. REFERENCE • The handbookof pharmacotherapeutics by dipiro. • Webmd.com.
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